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PubMed1999

Social disclosure among coworkers without disabilities in supported employment settings.

The depth and breadth of reported self-disclosure by workers without disabilities (respondents) for three types of coworkers (i.e., work acquaintances, work friends, and social friends) were assessed. Reported self-disclosure of coworkers to supported employees was also compared, and the extent to which self-disclosure by respondents to job coaches correlated with intimacy of relationships between supported employees and respondents was analyzed. Results indicated that depth of self-disclosure can contribute to friendship formation, but coworkers did little self-disclosing to supported employees. Self-disclosure to job coaches did not correlate significantly with the development of relationships between the coworkers and supported employees. There is a need to teach supported employees to self-disclose to their coworkers and to prompt coworkers to talk about themselves in depth.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Multidimensional life satisfaction reports of adolescents with mild mental disabilities.

Using the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale-MSLSS(Huebner, 1994), we compared life satisfaction reports of 80 high school students with mild mental disabilities with a matched sample of 80 typically achieving students. The results provided preliminary support for the use of the MSLSS in research with secondary school students with mild mental disabilities. Comparisons of mean levels of general and domain-specific satisfaction suggested that the students with mild mental disabilities reported comparable positive levels with two exceptions. They reported lower satisfaction with their friendships and higher satisfaction with school experiences than did their typically achieving counterparts. The school satisfaction reports of students with mild mental disabilities varied as a function of differences in placement in special education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Going to college: the experiences of a young woman with Down syndrome.

In this qualitative study the college experience of an individual with Down syndrome was examined. The student audited two academic courses and participated in various nonacademic campus activities. The investigation yielded multiple themes within the following areas of importance: (a) the meaning of going to college, (b) the development and meaning of college friendships, (c) negotiation of the academic program, and (d) enrichment of the lives of those involved. The findings showed benefits to both the student's personal and professional development. The struggles and successes within each area of importance are described and implications for each are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Participation in religious services by people with developmental disabilities.

In this qualitative study we look critically at the opportunity for participation in religious services for people with developmental disabilities from three perspectives: house managers (n = 4), church leaders (n = 6), and people with developmental disabilities residing in group homes (n = 25). Observations were also made at several church services attended by the group home residents. Results suggest that people with developmental disabilities want to go to church and enjoy religious worship. Their full inclusion in activities and developing friendships, however, appears to be quite limited due to the conflicting expectations of house managers and church leaders, the lack of transportation or support staff, and the stereotypical attitudes towards people with developmental disabilities.

Attitude↗
PubMed2005

Deaf college students' attitudes toward racial/ethnic diversity, campus climate, and role models.

Deaf college students' attitudes toward a variety of issues related to racial/ethnic diversity were surveyed by contacting all racial/ethnic minority deaf students and a random sample of Caucasian deaf students attending the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID), Rochester Institute of Technology; 38% completed the survey. Although racial/ethnic groups similarly perceived NTID's commitment and efforts related to diversity, they differed significantly on some items related to campus climate and role models. Furthermore, the racial/ethnic minority groups differed from each other in their perceptions of campus comfort level, racial conflict, friendship patterns, and availability of role models. Educational satisfaction was positively correlated with campus comfort level; both correlated negatively with perception of discrimination and racial conflict. Qualitative data analyses supported quantitative data analyses and provided rich detail that facilitated interpretation of deaf students' experiences related to racial/ethnic diversity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A comparative study of personality descriptors attributed to the deaf, the blind, and individuals with no sensory disability.

During the building of self-concept, one's self-perception is influenced by the attitudes and levels of acceptance of significant individuals in one's immediate environment and in society as a whole. This study explores the social image of the deaf, beginning with an analysis of personality characteristics attributed to this group. The resulting profile is then compared to those of two other previously assessed groups: the blind and those with no sensory disability. A sample of 222 university students evaluated personality descriptors as applied to the three groups by means of a semantic differential. For certain personality descriptors, the students had different impressions of the three groups. Results show that certain negative stereotypes still mark the social representation of deafness. Instances of familiarity or friendship between haring people and deaf people serve generally to mitigate such stereotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Application of coping strategies developed by older deaf adults to the aging process.

Adjustment to deafness in early life and its influence on adjustment to the aging process was a major premise for this study. Early life experiences, peer group relationships, social relations, feelings of discrimination and stigmatization, and treatment as a minority group which together have led to the development of adaptive strategies were examined. Using ethnographic research, data was gathered from 22 deaf adults aged 55 to 84. Results indicated the educational programs they attended as children had ramifications throughout their lives. The type of program they had attended was of paramount importance in the participants' development of adaptive strategies, particularly their peer-based society and lifetime friendships which maximized sociability. Participants reported feelings of discrimination, stigmatization and minority group treatment. Nonetheless, their early acceptance of their disability appeared to carry over as the deaf adults approached the aging process.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

The who, when, where, what of daydreams among a young adult hearing-impaired population.

A sample of 251 hearing-impaired college students responded to a daydreaming questionnaire. Only those responses from subjects who daydreamed 14-plus hours per week, or who daydreamed one and a half hours or less per week were used. This resulted in 40 high-frequency and 40 low-frequency daydreamers. Comparisons were made between male and female hearing impaired, high- and low-frequency daydreamers. The three significant differences were (a) when daydreaming occurred for these subjects; (b) time orientation of the daydreams; and (c) having an imaginary companion as a child. Although daydreaming did not differ significantly by frequency or sex in the students, other characteristics emerged. Subjects use actual, or desired, romantic partners as their central fantasy figures; change both themes and characters over a several month period; discuss their fantasies with a friend or family member; daydream most frequently while driving, while studying, or in class about the themes of love, sex, friendship, and owning things.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Why support a women's medical college? Philadelphia's early male medical pro-feminists.

The male founders and early faculty of Philadelphia's Woman's Medical College were mostly abolitionist physicians, zealous moralists for whom medical feminism formed only one of the cherished causes they could "manfully" and righteously defend. Male faculty of the late nineteenth century comprised "self-made" men, mostly new specialists, for whom strict sexism probably seemed inconsistent with progressive medicine. For some of these physicians-obviously a small minority-defending medical women and breaking the barriers of fraternity could be consistent with "manly" responsibility. The outcome of the collaboration of women and the dissident men physicians in nineteenth-century Philadelphia amounted to another seeming paradox: the majority of the male medical profession, both locally and nationally, tyrannically hindered women's entry into the profession, yet medicine opened its doors in advance of law and the clergy; and where this first occurred, such as in the community centered on Woman's Medical College, a novel gender rearrangement arose based on collaboration and friendship.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Loneliness among older adults in The Netherlands, Italy, and Canada: a multifaceted comparison.

Loneliness is experienced in many cultures. To properly assess cross-cultural differences, attention should be paid to the level, determinants, and measurement of loneliness. However, cross-cultural studies have rarely taken into account more than one of these. Differences in the level of loneliness were hypothesized on the basis of national differences in partnership, kinship, and friendship, which were assumed to be related to cultural standards within a society. Differences were examined among married and widowed older adults aged 70 to 89 years living independently in The Netherlands (N = 1,847), Tuscany, Italy (N = 562), and Manitoba, Canada (N = 1,134). Loneliness was measured with an 11-item scale. The Manitobans were high on emotional loneliness and the Tuscans were high on social loneliness. Partner status excepted, the determinants were nearly the same across the three locations. Differential item functioning (DIF) related to the three locations was observed for most items. Interactions with gender and the availability of a partner relationship were observed.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Design and serendipity in the path to prostaglandins.

Leon Wolfe was a brilliant scientist who was gifted with curiosity and drive. This personal account touches on salient events in a rewarding collaboration and lifelong friendship, starting from the original identification of prostaglandin as a natural neurohumoral agent and progressing with the unpredictable developments of this research beyond the brain. Design and serendipity are the leitmotifs in an exciting story unfolding over the years.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing the rate of teen pregnancy in Canada: a framework for action.

In partnership with the Young/Single Parent Support Network of Ottawa-Carleton and Timmin's Native Friendship Centre, the Canadian Institute of Child Health has completed a framework to reduce the rate of teen pregnancy in Canada. The final document is called Pro-Action, Postponement, and Preparation/Support: A Framework for Action to Reduce the Rate of Teen Pregnancy in Canada. The objectives were to learn what is currently being done and what needs to be done on this issue across the country, and to explore the potential role of projects funded by the federal Canada Action Program for Children (CAPC) and Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) in reducing the rate of teen pregnancy. Being an extremely complex and sensitive issue, the report was a culmination of a number of research methods: over 40 key informants from diverse backgrounds and expertise were interviewed to determine the scope of the problem and potential solutions; a detailed literature review identified existing date and documentation on the topic, using both Canadian and international studies; youth surveys and focus groups were conducted in both on-reserve Aboriginal communities and non-Aboriginal communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Tender love and transference: unpublished letters of C. G. Jung and Sabina Spielrein.

The author dissents from the widely accepted interpretation that the relationship between Sabina Spielrein and Carl Jung in the years 1904-1910 included sexual intercourse and constituted an ethical breach of the doctor-patient boundary in the course of a treatment. Spielrein declared that her treatment ended with her discharge from the Burghölzli hospital as Jung's patient in 1904-1905. Jung maintained he 'prolonged the relationship' in order to prevent a relapse and also referred to it as a friendship. Materials published in 1994 (letters, drafts, diaries, hospital chart) and unpublished letters recently found by the author in the Claparède archive in Geneva shed new light on previously published documents and interpretations by Carotenuto that have dominated the secondary literature since 1980. The new materials provide a more nuanced view of the Spielrein-Jung relationship and point to the function of non-erotic love in the therapeutic relationship. A new look at the Freud-Jung correspondence about the Spielrein-Jung relationship shows that Jung's perception that a sex scandal was initiated by Spielrein resulted from Jung's misreading of rumors concerning another woman; the episode had no ill effect on the relationship between Freud and Jung.

Correspondence as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Sex-related health risks and implications for interventions with hospitality women in Hainan, China.

This article describes the living situations of sex workers (hospitality girls) in a typical rural town in southern China; their personal, social, financial, and psychological needs and expectations; and the social and economic factors that place them at risk for STIs/HIV and unwanted pregnancy, based on the qualitative and quantitative data collected prior to and during a preventive intervention. Though some similarities to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of sex workers reported in other Asian countries were identified, this study identified some differences distinctive to the China context, such as how economic factors, kinship, and friendship networks function in the service industry, and how the culture of reproduction and birth control policy interact with and affect sex workers' health and decision-making options. Understanding these factors is critical for design of a culturally and contextually tailored intervention for the reduction of sex-related health risks of women in the sex service industry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Roles and relationships: a psychoeducational approach to reviewing strengths and difficulties in adulthood functioning.

The authors developed a psychoeducational protocol to help psychiatric patients review their patterns of interpersonal relationships. The conceptual framework is based on the Adult Personality Functioning Assessment (Hill, Fudge, Harrington, Pickles, & Rutter, 1995; Hill, Harrington, Fudge, Rutter, & Pickles, 1989). Seven domains of functioning are addressed: friendships, romantic relationships, family relationships, social contacts, therapeutic relationships, relationships with addictive substances and activities, and work. The intervention aims at fostering participants' reflectiveness about their relationships to enhance their capacity for social support. The introduction sets the protocol in context; an annotated version of patient materials includes commentary on each domain.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Princess Marie Bonaparte, Edgar Allan Poe, and psychobiography.

Princess Marie Bonaparte was a colorful yet mysterious member of Freud's inner circle of psychoanalysis. In analysis with Freud beginning in 1925 (she was then 45 years old), she became a lay analyst and writer of many papers and books. Her most ambitious task was a 700-page psychobiography of Edgar Allan Poe that was first published in French in 1933. She was fascinated by Poe's gothic stories--with the return to life of dead persons and the eerie, unexpected turns of events. Her fascination with Poe can be traced to the similarity of their early traumatic life experiences. Bonaparte had lost her mother a month after her birth. Poe's father deserted the family when Edgar was two years old, and his mother died of tuberculosis when he was three. Poe's stories helped him to accommodate to these early traumatic losses. Bonaparte vicariously shared in Poe's loss and the fantasies of the return of the deceased parent in his stories. She was sensitive and empathetic to Poe's inner world because her inner world was similar. The result of this psychological fit between Poe and Bonaparte was her psychobiography, The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe. It was a milestone in psychobiography but limited in its psychological scope by its strong emphasis on early childhood trauma. Nevertheless it proved Bonaparte a bona fide creative psychoanalyst and not a dilettante propped up by her friendship with Freud.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1986

Social margin and social reentry: an evaluation of a rehabilitation program for Skid Row alcoholics.

A rehabilitation program for Skid Row alcoholics that focuses on the reentry process and the development of "social margin" is evaluated. A unique component of the treatment program is the use of small teams of volunteer sponsors who assist the client in the recovery and reentry process. Using a number of measures, the program obtained approximately a 50% abstinent rate at follow-up. There were also significant gains in employment and monthly income. The program also influenced family contact, development of new friendship groups and Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, factors that in turn significantly influenced the recovery process.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Social and community resources and long-term recovery from treated and untreated alcoholism.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term studies of the course of alcoholism suggest that a variety of factors other than professional treatment influence the process of recovery. This study evaluated the role of demographic factors, baseline alcohol-related problems and depression, professional treatment, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other social and community resources in predicting remission and psychosocial outcome over 8 years. METHOD: A sample of 628 previously untreated alcoholic individuals was recruited at detoxification units and alcoholism information and referral services. Of these participants, 395 (68.2%) were followed 3 and 8 years later. Most (83.3%) were white (n = 329) and 50.1% (n = 198) were men. At each contact point, participants completed a self-administered inventory that assessed their current problems, treatment utilization, AA participation and quality of relationships. RESULTS: Number of inpatient treatment days received in the 3 years after baseline were not independently related to 8-year remission or psychosocial outcomes. More outpatient treatment in the first 3 years increased the likelihood of 8-year remission, but was not related to psychosocial outcomes. The number of AA meetings attended in the first 3 years predicted remission, lower depression, and higher quality relationships with friends and spouse/partner at 8 years. Extended family quality at baseline also predicted remission and higher quality friendships and family relationships at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Given that alcoholism is a chronic, context-dependent disorder, it is not surprising that short-term interventions have little long-term impact. Social and community resources that are readily available for long periods are more likely to have a lasting influence on the course of alcoholism.

Adult↗