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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Ophthalmological study of the M-strain stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (2). Retinal arteriolar changes in fluorescein angiogram].

Malignant or precocious stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats show severe hypertensive fundus changes such as generalized narrowing, caliber irregularity, and tortuosity of retinal arterioles or retinal edema. In our previous studies, these changes were classified into four grades from 0 to 3 according to severity. In the present study, hypertensive fundus changes in these rats, such as generalized narrowing or caliber irregularity of retinal arterioles, were studied by comparing fluorescein angiographs with color fundus photographs. Fluorescein leakage was observed from retinal vessels in more than half the retinal arterioles with hypertensive caliber irregularity of grade 2. Pathological studies also showed irreversible changes in the retinal arterioles with hypertensive caliber irregularity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Mechanism of K+ interaction with fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate-modified Na+,K(+)-ATPase.

The rate of K+ binding to fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate-modified Na+,K(+)-ATPase has been measured by stopped-flow fluorometry and shown to depend sigmoidally on potassium concentration. By assuming two K+ ions must bind to cause a rate-limiting conformational change, analytical expressions for the rate and the amplitude were derived that fit the experimental data and correctly calculate the half-maximum K+ concentration in amplitude titrations from kinetically estimated rate and dissociation constants. This is the first time that sigmoidal dependence of the time constant for K+ reaction with Na+,K(+)-ATPase on potassium concentration has been observed. The conclusion that two K+ ions are required to cause the E1-->E2 conformational change explains discrepancies between equilibrium and kinetic estimates of the half-maximum K+ concentration in published studies of the reaction and reconciles the mechanism of the conformational change in Na+,K(+)-ATPase with the transport stoichiometry of sodium pump. It is strong, additional evidence that fluorescein reports a conformational change in dephosphoenzyme that is involved in monovalent cation transport. The ratio of the K+ dissociation constants is consistent either with ordered binding to two sites with intrinsic constants differing by a factor of 4 or with binding to two independent and identical sites.

Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate↗
PubMed1977

[Fluorescein photography with polaroid film (author's transl)].

There are no difficulties in performing documentation of fluorescein pictures by slit lamp polaroid photography. This suitable method is recommended for control of corneal lesions in fitting contact lenses, and in special cases of fluorescein angiography.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1996

[Risk factors and clinical fluorescein angiography findings in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy].

BACKGROUND: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the most common cause of visual loss in older patients with optic disc swelling. METHOD: In our study all patients with acute AION examined clinically and by fluorescein angiography between 1986 and 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. The prevalence of associated systemic diseases and the results of Doppler sonographic examinations of extracranial vessels were investigated. RESULTS: The records of 86 patients (60 male, 26 female) with AION were available. The mean age at the time of onset of AION was 61 years (range 41 to 85 years, SD = 11.9 years). In 50 patients the right and in 36 the left eye was involved. In 36% of the patients optic atrophy of the other eye because of AION was found. The median visual acuity was 0.25 (range, light perception to 1.25). Fluorescein angiography showed diffuse edema of the optic disc in 23% (20/86) of patients and localized segmental edema in 77% (66/86). Statistical analysis revealed a predominant involvement of the temporal quadrants. Ninety-three percent of patients with AION showed underlying systemic diseases. In 15% of these patients the systemic diseases were unknown at the time of onset of the AION; 58% (50/86) of the patients had hypertension, 28% (24/86) had diabetes mellitus, and 37% (32/86) had disorders of lipid metabolism. Seven percent (6/86) of patients showed no risk factors. Doppler sonographic examinations of extracranial vessels revealed hemodynamic relevant stenosis in 11% (6/56), and non stenotic plaques in 28% of patients (16/56). CONCLUSION: Because of the high percentage of associated systemic diseases in patients with AION a general examination and adequate treatment are necessary.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

The microvasculature in myeloproliferative disease. A study using retinal fluorescein angiography.

Microvascular occlusion is known to be a feature of myeloproliferative diseases. Acute manifestations are well documented in individuals causing a variety of symptoms. However, it is not known whether ongoing microvascular changes are present in asymptomatic individuals. We investigated this further by using retinal intravenous fluorescein angiography to image the microvasculature in patients with myeloproliferative disease. In our group of patients fluorescein angiography did not show any ongoing microvascular damage. There appears to be no intrinsic retinal vasculopathy in patients with myeloproliferative disease, suggesting that acute symptomatic events are caused by microemboli in an otherwise normal vascular tree.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cycloscopy and fluorescein cycloscopy.

A biomicroscopic technique for observation of the ciliary process was developed, and cycloscopy and fluorescein cycloscopy have been done as a routine clinical examination. The observations reported here show that a great, previously unimaginable variety of changes in the ciliary process is the usual sequel of congenital or acquired disorders. Fluorescein was seen to leak mainly from the "summit" of the ciliary process in the normal eye. Little or no leakage from the rudimentary ciliary process was seen in cases of aniridia, while vigorous leakage occurring in inflammation or uveal effusion was of particular clinical importance.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed1998

[Measurement of retinal blood flow velocity by scanning laser ophthalmoscopic fluorescein fundus angiography in experimental retinal vein obstruction].

To study the role of arterial blood dynamics in the thrombogenesis of thrombin-induced experimental retinal vein obstruction, the retinal blood flow velocity was evaluated using scanning laser ophthalmoscopic fluorescein videoangiography in an experimental rabbit retinal vein obstruction model. Retinal vein obstruction was made by transadventitial direct instillation of thrombin to the retinal vessels from the vitreous side. The blood flow velocity in the retinal artery and vein was estimated by measuring the passing velocity of the flow head of the dye bolus and venous filling time, respectively. 23 animals were treated with thrombin and compared with 18 controls not treated. In the control group retinal artery blood flow velocity and retinal venous fluorescein filling time was 5.3 +/- 1.1 mm/sec (mean +/- standard deviation) and 6.2 +/- 1.2 sec, respectively. In the treated group the values were 5.7 +/- 1.3 mm/sec and 5.8 +/- 1.0 sec before the thrombin administration, and 3.0 +/- 0.9 mm/sec at 24 hours after its administration, and 5.7 +/- 2.0 sec and 4.0 +/- 1.5 mm/sec and 4.5 +/- 1.4 sec at 48 hours after the administration. These results indicate that a decrease in retinal artery blood flow velocity is strongly involved in the thrombogenesis in thrombin-induced experimental retinal vein obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Correlation between retinal fluorescein angiography and blood viscosity and other factors in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation among retinal fluorescein angiography, blood viscosity, and other factors in patients with open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Multiple step regression analysis was made to investigate the correlation between each of the following blood vessel filling times: the arm-choroid (A-CT), arm-retinal artery (A-AT), and retinal artery-venous (A-VT) of the fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in 122 eyes with POAG and each of the following related factors in hemorrheology: whole blood apparent viscosity at low, medium and high shear rates, plasma viscosity and hematocrit. Also, the same analysis was applied to investigate the correlation between each of the A-AT, A-VT of the FFA in 70 eyes with POAG and the following factors: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, age and whole blood apparent viscosity at low shear rate. RESULTS: The whole blood apparent viscosity at low shear rate was closely related to A-CT and A-AT, while hematocrit was closely related to A-VT of the FFA. The whole blood apparent viscosity at low shear rate and age, especially the whole blood apparent viscosity, was closely related to A-AT, A-VT of the FFA. CONCLUSION: Blood viscosity can affect the filling times of the FFA in POAG.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1998

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with macular edema: visual improvement and fluorescein angiographic characteristics.

The objective of the study was to assess visual outcomes in patients who have nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with macular edema (ME). Thirteen eyes (12 patients) with NAION and ME were observed for an average of 5.3 months after onset of visual loss. Intravenous fluorescein angiography was performed on 10 eyes. Fluorescein leakage was observed in 8 of 10 (80%) eyes. Leakage was nonfocal, minimal, and diffuse. Eleven of 13 (85%) eyes with ME improved. The average improvement was 2.3 Snellen lines. The presence of ME in patients with NAION may confer a better visual prognosis than reported in patients with NAION alone.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Objective indices of corneal transparency and of fluorescein permeability through the cornea before and after photorefractive keratectomy].

Video images of the cornea in photorefraction keratectomy (PFK) are analyzed by computer-aided microdensitometric analysis of televideo images of the eye. Optic density of various layers of the cornea and fluorescein penetration through the cornea were assessed in patients with myopia (235 eyes) and hypermetropia (65 eyes) before the after PFK. PFK was carried out by Nidek excimer laser (Japan). Analysis was carried out with consideration for the degree of emmetropia and patients' ages. Corneal transparency and index of fluorescein penetration through the cornea correlated with patient's age and emmetropia. Computer-aided microdensitometric analysis of televideo images of the eye earlier detects changes in the cornea than routine methods. The authors discuss the probability of assessing corneal transparency for selection of patients for PFK.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Behavior of fluorescein dye in the vascularized cornea of the animal eye after local application of certain drugs (author's transl)].

In pigmented rabbits we investigated the much-used drugs pilocarpine, atropine, and tropicamide (Mydriaticum, Roche) with regard to their possible influence on the permeability of newly formed corneal vessels. Sodium fluorescein was chosen as test substance. Corneal vessels were produced by introcorneal injection of 0.1 N NaOH. Their development required 2--3 weeks and their growth about 4--6 weeks. A 2-week period of stability followed and was used for the local application of the above drugs. An evident influence on the diffusion of fluorescein could not be ascertained. Tropicamide induced a narrowing of the dye column in the corneal vessels. This phenomenon may be due to a narrowing of supplying vessels. In all cases, dye diffusion took place especially at the peripheral loops of the corneal vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Reabsorption of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled-ovalbumin in the kidney of normal and castrated male and female rats.

The reabsorption of ovalbumin double labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in the kidneys of normal and castrated male and female rats was investigated using fluorometry and fluorescence microscopy. The animals received an intravenous injection of either 2 or 7 mg fluorescein-thiocarbamyl (FTC)-ovalbumin per kilogram bodyweight (bw) and were killed 4 or 8 min post-injection. Animals injected with unlabelled ovalbumin (7.0 mg/kg bw) served as controls. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that FTC-ovalbumin was reabsorbed exclusively in the renal proximal tubule, the highest level of reabsorption being observed in its first part. Four and eight minutes after the injection, FTC-ovalbumin was only observed in apical reabsorption vacuoles, with lysosomes exhibiting no specific fluorescence. Fluorometric determinations for the renal homogenate supernatant showed that the renal reabsorption of FTC-ovalbumin was up to 24% higher in normal females than in normal males. Castration resulted in a significant increase in renal reabsorption in male rats (up to 38%; significant), whereas a minor decrease was observed in castrated females. The renal uptake differences in normal and castrated animals are discussed in the light of the sex-hormone-dependent catabolism of lysosomal proteins in the renal proximal tubule of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The somato-visceral divergent projections of peripheral processes of substance P-containing spinal ganglionic neurons--tri-labeling study of combining fluorescein tracing with immunocytochemistry.

The chemical nature of the spinal ganglionic neuron with peripheral processes projecting divergently to the somatic and visceral areas, has been identified by means of tri-labeling method of combining fluorescein tracing with immunocytochemistry. 10 rats were used. First, 2 microliters of 2% fast blue(FB) were injected into the left coeliac ganglion. Two days later, 2% nuclear yellow (NY) was injected into left 9-11 intercostal nerves, 1 microliter for each. On the 4th day, the animal was perfused with 10% formalin in 0.1 mol phosphate buffer. The left T9-11 spinal ganglia were removed and cut into sections by cryostat. The sections were observed under fluorescence microscope and photographed. The results showed that there were three kinds of neurons in the spinal ganglia: 1) single FB labeled cells with blue fluorescent cytoplasm accounted for 38.8% of total cells; 2) single NY labeled cells with yellow fluorescent nuclei accounted for 52.7%; 3) FB and NY double-labeled cells, mostly small or medium in size, accounted for 8.5%. Then, the sections containing double-labeled cells were further processed by substance P-demonstrating PAP immunocytochemical staining. The photographs with immunostaining and fluorescein labelings in the same section were compared. We found that the labeling ratio of SP/NY was 1.4%, SP/FB was 7%, and SP/NY + FB was 28.8%. The present study detected not only the convergence of somato-visceral sensation in the spinal ganglia but also the chemical nature of these neurons containing substance P (SP) for the first time. In addition, these results may provide a morphological basis for the mechanisms of referred pain and somato-visceral reflection.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Rat reduced-folate carrier-1 is localized basolaterally in MDCK kidney epithelial cells and contributes to the secretory transport of methotrexate and fluoresceinated methotrexate.

The reduced-folate carrier (Rfc-1), previously also called methotrexate carrier-1 (MTX-1), was recently identified as accounting for approximately 30% of the methotrexate (Mtx) uptake into rat kidney slices. The localization of the carrier and its contribution to secretory or reabsorptive flux of the drug was therefore evaluated in polarized epithelial layers of Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the HA-epitope-tagged protein was sorted to the basolateral side. In flux assays, the basolateral-to-apical transport of fluoresceinated methotrexate (FMTX) was two-fold higher than in the apical-to-basolateral direction across rat Rfc-1 transfected, but not mock-transfected, monolayers. The same observation was made for unlabeled Mtx. This secretory transport of FMTX was inhibited by an excess of 1 mM Mtx and was saturable and temperature-dependent. No differences in directional flux were observed for the pure fluorescein label. Removal of sodium resulted in a marked decrease of directional FMTX flux. The pH profile of the active transport component showed a trough around 6.5 and a maximum at acidic pH, as reported for uptake into Rfc-1-expressing cells. Thus, rat Rfc-1 is sorted to the basolateral side in polarized MDCK epithelial cells and mediates the secretion of Mtx, probably in co-operation with efflux proteins, such as multidrug resistance associated proteins, which are also expressed in these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Discrimination of the cell surface of the coccolithophorid Pleurochrysis haptonemofera from light scattering and fluorescence after fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled lectin staining measured by flow cytometry.

We investigated the extent of calcification on the cell surface of the coccolithophorid Pleurochrysis haptonemofera using flow cytometry. Side scattering (SSC) by coccolith-bearing cells was higher than that by naked cells, suggesting the difference was due to scattering of the laser beam by the coccoliths. SSC of coccolith-bearing cells under acidic conditions corresponded well to the extracellular Ca content, although SSC could not be used to detect a delicate change in the coccolith thickness. The increase in SSC during the reproduction of coccoliths after decalcification was consistent with the increase in the number of coccoliths on the cell surface. The fluorescence after fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled lectin staining suggests that alpha- d-mannose, alpha- d-glucose, d-galactose, d- N-acetylgalactosamine, or derivatives of them are included in the coccoliths. Measurement of SSC and fluorescence after fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled lectin staining enabled rapid and quantitative determination of the status on the cell surface and isolation of desirable cells for physiological studies by cell sorting.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Membrane carbohydrate characterization of Acanthamoeba astronyxis, A. castellanii and Naegleria fowleri by fluorescein-conjugated lectins.

A comparative study of membrane carbohydrate characteristics of pathogenic and non-pathogenic trophozoites and cysts of free-living Acanthamoeba castellanii, Naegleria fowleri and A. astronyxis, respectively from sewage sludge in India was carried out by means of fluorescein-conjugated lectin binding using eight lectins. Two lectins, viz. Concanavalin A and Phytohaemagglutinin P, could bind all free-living amoebae at different concentrations. The most notable feature of the study is that peanut agglutinin (PNA) and wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) can differentiate between the pathogenic A. castellanii and non-pathogenic A. astronyxis strain, respectively. However, Ulex agglutinin I (UEA I) was the only lectin positive to both pathogenic A. castellanii and N. fowleri. During in vitro conversion from trophozoites to cysts, A. castellanii and N. fowleri cysts gained WGA-specific saccharide whereas A. castellanii; A. astronyxis and N. fowleri lost or reduced Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, PNA; WGA and ConA, and UEA I-specific saccharides, respectively. Neuraminidase could not alter the fluorescein-lectin binding to WGA and PNA. These demonstrated that only two lectins can recognize the factors giving Acanthamoeba their pathogenic (PNA-specific) and non-pathogenic (WGA-specific) status. More interestingly, UEA I can only differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic amoebae. It is also suggested that during stage conversion the surface of the organism exhibited replacement of saccharides.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed1982

Studies with steroid-fluorescein conjugates on oestrogen target tissues.

Steroid--fluorescein amine and steroid-BSA-fluorescein-isothiocyanate conjugates have been prepared and their ability to bind to oestrogen receptors assessed in competitive binding studies. The binding of all the fluorescent conjugates to uterine cytosol proteins was low when compared with either oestradiol or diethylstilboestrol. A comparative study was carried out to assess the relationship between oestrogen receptor content, determined biochemically, and histochemical localisation of the oestrogen binding components on thin sections of rat uteri, DMBA-induced mammary tumours and also human breast tumour tissue taken at mastectomy. The data indicate that in thin sections of tissue all of these conjugates appear to bind not to the classical oestrogen receptor moiety but to other oestrogen binding proteins.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1996

Detection of caprine arthritis--encephalitis virus RNA in macrophages by in situ hybridization using fluorescein-labelled single-stranded RNA probes.

The use of in situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) RNA with fluorescein-11-UTP-labelled single-stranded RNA probes is described. Three different probes were made by PCR amplification of proviral CAEV DNA (strain 75-G63). The PCR products were cloned into the plasmid pAM-18, and labelled single-stranded RNA probes were synthesized by the use of RNA polymerase. The LTR probe was able to detect viral RNA in CAEV-infected, cultured caprine macrophages, while probes based on the genes for the matrix and transmembrane proteins failed to do so. A few macrophages were positive for CAEV RNA 24 h post infection (p.i.) while most cells were positive 96 h p.i. The use of fluorescein-labelled RNA probes made this method feasible for kinetic in vitro studies of CAEV.

Animals↗