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Results for “FATTY ACIDS, ESSENTIAL”

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PubMed1987

Essential fatty acids in serum lecithin of children with atopic dermatitis and in umbilical cord serum of infants with high or low IgE levels.

The fatty acid composition of serum lecithin from children with atopic dermatitis (AD) was found to be abnormal, characterized by significantly increased proportion of linoleic acid and reduced levels of metabolites of this fatty acid. The levels of linoleic acid in umbilical cord serum lecithin were significantly higher in babies with high serum IgE than in those with low or non-demonstrable serum IgE. Since elevated cord serum IgE is strongly associated with development of atopic disease the results suggest that fatty acid changes may be a basic feature of AD. Immunologic dysfunction in patients with AD may possibly partly be a consequence of the fatty acid abnormality.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Essential fatty acids interconversion in the human fetal liver.

In order to study the role played by the fetoplacental unit in providing the human fetus with arachidonic acid, delta 5- and delta 6-desaturase activities were studied in microsomes from human fetal liver and placenta after 18 and 22 weeks of gestation. We evidenced for the first time delta 5- and delta 6-desaturase activities in fetal liver microsomes. As in adult liver, delta 6-desaturation is the rate-limiting step of arachidonic acid synthesis. No activity was found in the placenta. Arachidonic acid concentrations were higher in fetal serum than in maternal serum while the opposite was observed for linoleic acid. The fetal liver microsomal content in arachidonic acid was low. Taken together the data suggest that arachidonic acid is supplied to the fetus through a preferential transfer across the placenta.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1994

Plasma essential fatty acids, cigarette smoking, and dietary antioxidants in peripheral arterial disease. A population-based case-control study.

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of plasma fatty acids in patients with peripheral arterial disease and in control subjects and to identify whether any risks of disease related to these differences were influenced by smoking and antioxidant intake. A random sample of 1592 men and women aged 55 to 74 years was selected from the general population (the Edinburgh Artery Study), from which 153 cases of peripheral arterial disease were identified by the presence of intermittent claudication and low ankle systolic pressures at rest and during reactive hyperemia; these were matched by age and sex to 153 control subjects with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. In 113 case and 122 control subjects, fatty acid levels were measured in three plasma fractions (triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, and phospholipid), and smoking habits and dietary antioxidant intake were determined by questionnaire. Arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA/n-3) were significantly lower in the cases than controls (P < .01). More case than control subjects were current or exsmokers (86% versus 50%; P < .001), and the case subjects had lower vitamin C intake (64.8 mg versus 71.1 mg; P < .05). By logistic regression adjustment for smoking and vitamin C intake, only DPA/n-3 (odds ratio, 0.19; P < .01) and arachidonic acid (odds ratio, 0.44; P < .05) remained significantly related to disease; only DPA/n-3 reduced the risk associated with smoking. We conclude that in subjects with peripheral arterial disease compared with healthy control subjects, the largest differences occurred in fatty acids of the n-3 series, particularly DPA/n-3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗