Metazoan and protozoan parasitic infections in nude mice.
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A group of 23 patients with Fasciola hepatica have been studied in the province of Biscay. The diagnosis was reached after finding parasite eggs in the faeces or duodenal juice. The liver lesion was confirmed by means of macro and microscopic studies. Radiocolloid demonstrated the presence of cold areas in 18 patients; in 13 of them the uptake with 67Ga was positive. These isotopic findings identified Fasciola hepatica as one of the causes of 'cold areas' in traditional liver scans and positive 67Ga uptake.
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As many ewes and lambs watered at concrete ponds in well-drained sites acquired fluke infection as those watered at natural ponds in areas suitable for the snail intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica. Fasciola transmission, as evidenced by the increasing number of seropositive hosts in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), occurred during the heavy rainy period of July-September and declined with the onset of the dry season, being succeeded by the emergence of faecal positive hosts. This indicates the superiority of ELISA over coprological techniques in the early diagnosis and seroepidemiology of this parasitic infection. Host productivity, as reflected in weight gains and haematological parameters, was not significantly affected by the fluke infections.
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Eight-weeks old F. hepatica were recovered from rabbits and rats that had been treated with known fasciolicides and anthelmintics between 4 and 40 h previously. Examination of the surviving flukes showed that spermatogenesis was significantly disrupted by most of the fasciolicides but by none of the other anthelmintics. It is suggested that disruption of spermatogenesis is particularly associated with compounds showing activity against mature F. hepatica.
A study was conducted on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of triclabendazole at three low dose rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg body weight in buffaloes experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica. The pharmacokinetics were compared with the effects of a single intraruminal dose at 24.0 mg/kg body weight in uninfected buffaloes. At all three dose rates, an equilibrium between the absorption of triclabendazole and the disposition of its metabolites was observed by days 3 and 4 and remained almost unchanged thereafter. Continuous daily dosing at 1.5 mg/kg body weight proved to be efficacious against liver fluke infection in buffaloes.
Sixteen human cases of Fasciola hepatica infection are described. The liver was involved in 13 cases, the gall bladder in 9 cases and the stomach in 2 cases. Lesions containing parasitic remnants or fluke eggs were rarely seen. Surface scarring of the liver, scar tracks and granulomas within organs were the most characteristic changes seen and were the most useful for the histopathological diagnosis of the disease. The associated liver, bile and gastric lesions are briefly discussed.
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