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PubMed1981

[Immunodiagnostic findings in sera of patients with leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease, malaria and amebiasis in endemic regions of Venezuela (author's transl)].

66 serum samples from patients suffering from mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (20), Chagas' disease (12), malaria (16) or amebiasis (18) were collected and examined with five different protozoic antigens (L. donovani, T. cruzi, P. fieldi, P. falciparum, E. histolytica) by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the complement fixation test, the indirect hemagglutination test and the latex agglutination. Cross-reactions were observed only between the sera from patients with leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease, both groups, however, showed stronger reactions with the homologous antigen. There were no cross-reactions among the other antigens and antibodies. The results obtained in this study together with facts already proved by literature show the usefulness of the employed antigens for epidemiological surveys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of the allergic test in diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep.

In this investigation the Brucellizate was used as an allergen at a dose of 0.25 ml, injected into the lower eyelid, intrapalpebral for the detection of sheep brucellosis in Iran. Four hundred and thirty sheep were tested by the intrapalpebral allergic test (IPAT). In addition to this test, serum samples from the sheep were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT) and mercaptoethanol test (MET). Sixty five sheep giving reactions to the IPAT and serological tests were selected for slaughter and subsequent culture of lymph nodes. The results of IPAT and of the serological tests were compared with each other and that of Brucella organism isolated in culture. According to this study, the IPAT is more sensitive than the serological tests in the detection of infected sheep, but CFT is more specific than other tests. It is concluded that IPAT is a reliable screening test, provided that the test is periodically repeated.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

[Long-term treatment of patients with itraconazole for the prevention of Aspergillus infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)].

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) represents an innate immunodeficiency: the reduced production of oxygen radicals in phagocytosing cells results in decreased ability to kill pathogenic microorganisms. The patients concerned suffer from severe recurrent infections due to bacteria and fungi. Prophylactic administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as usual in CGD-patients, has markedly reduced the incidence of bacterial infections. Now as before, however, there is a high risk to become affected by invasive fungal infections, mainly due to Aspergillus spp. which often are lethal. Therefore, a well-compatible antimycotic long-term prophylaxis effective against Aspergillus would be attractive. In the present study the compatibility of the oral triazole itraconazole was tested in 8 CGD-patients with high risk of Aspergillus infections. Itraconazole was administered in capsules with a dosage of 5.1 mg/kg body weight per day on an average for a mean range of 23 months. Periodically liver enzymes, renal retention and electrolytes were assessed as well as itraconazole serum levels. Aspergillus serology tests included complement fixation tests, IgG-ELISA, precipitation tests, IgE determination and Aspergillus-RAST. During the prophylactic treatment in all of the 8 patients no gastrointestinal side effects or hypersensitivity reactions were observed. Renal retention and serum electrolytes as well as liver enzyme values were in normal ranges with all patients. Itraconazole serum levels showed a marked intra- and interindividual variability. However, 82% of the peak levels were in ranges regarded as therapeutically effective for itraconazole. Under prophylaxis a clear decrease of Aspergillus IgG-ELISA values was observed in 5 of 7 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Listeriosis in a rabbitry].

An enzootic of listeriosis in a rabbitry is reported. Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a was isolated from the organs of a doe, which had died of septic metritits. From aborted fetuses of two other does Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2b and 4b were cultured, respectively. In feed samples of the rabbitry Listeria monocytogenes strains of the serotypes 1/2b and 4b besides the apathogenic Listeria species Listeria seeligeri and Listeria innocua were detected. Serological studies with agglutination test and complement fixation test on double serum samples of does, which had aborted, pointed to listeric infections as the cause of abortion. A doe, which had aborted and failed to become pregnant again, showed serosal adhesions of both uterine tubes and a sterile pyometra. Therefore, previous infection of the uterus by Listeria monocytogenes should be considered as a cause of infertility.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1997

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis among abattoir personnel of Delhi.

A total of 165 serum samples of abattoir personnel of Delhi were tested by Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT), Standard tube agglutination test (STAT), Complement fixation test (CFT) and Dot-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ElISA). The Seroprevalence was 20.60, 12.75, 50.30 and 25.45 percent, respectively on the basis of RBPT, STAT, CFT and Dot-ELISA. Seroprevalence was highest among blood collectors (99.77%) followed by miscellaneous group (72%), animal handlers (68.96%), butchers (68.00%) and sweepers (57.14%). Among veterinarians, Seroprevalance was 28.57%. The Seroprevalence was more among persons of higher age group. The study indicates that abattoir personnel are at high risk to infection with brucellosis.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1983

[Ventriculo-lumbar gradient of concentration of total cerebrospinal fluid proteins: 1 - mechanisms of origin].

In normal conditions there is a concentration gradient of proteins along the neuraxis. From a low level in the ventricles, ranging from 5 to 15 mg/10C ml, to an intermediate level in the cisterna magna, the protein content reaches its highest level in the lumbar sac, 12 to 44 mg/100 ml. Several mechanisms were considered to elucidate the origin of this gradient but many investigators think that the progressive increase of the protein concentration is best explained by the transfer of proteins from serum to the cerebrospinal fluid due to the relatively raised permeability of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the spinal subarachnoid space. This paper presents a study of the protein concentrations in cisternal and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with neurocysticercosis in activity. The 11 patients of the first group had free subarachnoid space communication between the cisterna magna and the lumbar sac; the 6 patients of the second group had a complete block of the subarachnoid space between these two levels. In every cerebrospinal fluid specimen the quantitative complement fixation test for cysticercus was performed and the titer determined in order to make an assessment of the central nervous system humoral immune response. The analysis of the data of this investigation shows that the concentration gradient of proteins is evident in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with patency of the spinal subarachnoid space, and the ratio of concentrations of protein contents in simultaneous cisternal and lumbar samples was similar to that one observed in normal individuals. This gradient is also detected when the intensity of the humoral immune response is determined by quantitative complement fixation test for cysticercus in simultaneous cisternal and lumbar specimens. After the onset of spinal subarachnoid block, the confront of the results of the tests in cerebrospinal fluid samples, obtained before and after the blockage, shows a large increase both in the total protein content as well as the intensity of the humoral immune response, in the lumbar level. The similar increases both in protein concentration and titer of cysticercus complement fixation test in the lumbar fluid, in comparison with the cisternal fluid, in patients with patent spinal subarachnoid space, and the large simultaneous and similar increases in both protein content and titer of the cysticercus complement fixation test in the lumbar fluid of patients with spinal subarachnoid block are in disagreement with the usual explanation of the origin mechanisms of the gradient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection of cattle.

A survey of normal cattle in the Southern Victorian statistical divisions revealed that microscopic agglutination titres to L. hardjo occur at high frequency and are distributed throughout the cattle population. These titres are difficult to interpret as they may represent recent or old exposure, with or without disease. L. hardjo infection of dairy cattle was studied in 4 herds using the microscopic agglutination and complement-fixation tests. Statistical comparisons of individual titres obtained indicated that the sensitivity of the complement-fixation test was satisfactory for diagnostic purposes, but the test was unable to differentiate between current or past infections.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1990

[Value of the Twar strain for chlamydiosis serology. Choice of a strategy of detecting antibodies].

We examined 212 sera from patients with respiratory diseases (n = 55), from women regularly attending a gynaecology clinic (n = 155) and from patients with cat-scratch disease (n = 2), using the complement fixation test against Chlamydia psittaci and IgG indirect immunofluorescence tests against 3 different strains of C. psittaci, C. trachomatis (serotype L2) and the TWAR strain. Forty-one sera were positive. The TWAR strain raised the serological detection rate of antibodies to chlamydia up to 97.5 percent of sera which were initially positive with one and/or another of the four reactions used, as against 43.9 percent only for the two conventional indirect immunofluorescence reactions (anti-C. psittaci and anti-C. trachomatis); the increase was particularly marked in patients with respiratory diseases. Although it seems to be possible, in practice, to detect these antibodies using only the three indirect immunofluorescence tests, we continue to use the complement fixation test not only because it may be positive at the onset of infection, but also because it reflects immunological changes. Thus, the contribution of the TWAR strain to the laboratory diagnosis of chlamydial infection is considerable, and it is no longer possible to do without this strain in serological investigations.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1971

A comparison of bluetongue virus and EHD virus: electronmicroscopy and serology.

Bluetongue virus, BT(8), and the virus of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer, NJ-55, were plaque purified and compared electronmicroscopically and serologically. The latter included a plaque reduction neutralization test, the agar gel precipitin test, and the complement fixation test. The viruses were indistinguishable morphologically, but antigenically different. A plaquing technique was described for EHD virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Assessment of the Rose-Bengal plate test for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in health facilities in Narok district, Kenya.

The Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT) was performed on 488 patients with flu-like symptoms from Narok district. There was poor agreement between RBPT results from four health facilities in Narok and from the central veterinary laboratory (CVL). Agreement was poorer for the three rural dispensaries than for the District Hospital. On the other hand, for tests conducted at the CVL, there was good agreement between RBPT, serum agglutination test (SAT) and complement fixation test (CFT) results, indicating that all these tests were probably performing well. Better training and quality control and the use of white rather than a clear background surface for judging agglutination results are recommended to improve the performance of test results in Narok District health facilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of standard serological tests for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Canada.

Six agglutination and two complement fixation tests were compared with respect to specificity, sensitivity and relative sensitivity for the serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Based on 1051 sera from brucellosis free herds, the specificity of the tests was 98.9% for the buffered plate antigen test (BPAT), 99.2% and 99.3% for the standard tube and plate agglutination tests (STAT and SPAT), respectively, and 99.8% for the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2MET). On this small sample, the rose bengal plate test (RBPT), card test (CARD) and the complement fixation test (CFT) correctly classed all sera as negative. On a sample of 167 culture positive cattle, the sensitivities of the tests were CFT: 79.0%, BPAT: 75.4, RBPT: 74.9%, CARD: 74.3%, SPAT: 73.1%, STAT: 68.9%, and 2MET: 59.9%. All tests combined detected only 82% of these infected cattle. Analysis of the relative sensitivity of the six agglutination tests gave the following ranking: BPAT greater than RBPT greater than CARD greater than SPAT greater than STAT. The 2MET ranked between the BPAT and RBPT or between the RBPT and CARD depending on the analysis used. The use of the BPAT as a screening test is recommended provided that a test of high specificity and sensitivity such as the CFT is used to confirm screening test reactions.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1992

Babesia ovata: isolation from erythrocytes and development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies.

A method of isolating Babesia ovata merozoites from infected erythrocytes and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-B. ovata antibodies were developed. After B. ovata-infected erythrocytes had been lysed using the nitrogen cavitation method, the merozoites were separated from erythrocyte components by differential centrifugation and density-gradient centrifugation. The light microscopic examination showed that the purified merozoites were morphologically intact and contained few contaminants. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed that the merozoite fraction contained very little contamination with erythrocyte components. The merozoites thus obtained were sonicated and treated with Triton X-100 and then used as an antigen to measure anti-B. ovata antibodies in ELISA. The ELISA was more sensitive in detecting anti-B. ovata antibodies than was either the indirect fluorescent antibody test or the complement fixation test on sera from cattle infected with B. ovata.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Quantitation of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus by immune adherence hemagglutination.

Immune adherence hemagglutination was compared with the complement fixation test as a means of measuring antibodies to varicella-zoster virus. Analysis of acute- and convalescent-phase sera from patients infected with varicella-zoster or with herpes simplex virus showed the immune adherence hemagglutination test to be more sensitive than the complement fixation test, and greater cross-reactivity between the two viruses appeared to be associated with the increased sensitivity. The two assay methods were used to measure antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in 265 sera obtained from patients of different ages as well as sera from 26 patients with leukemia. There were 35 cases where antibodies were detected by immune adherence hemagglutination but not by complement fixation, whereas in five cases the converse was found. Our findings support the contention that immune adherence hemagglutination is the method of choice for detecting antibodies to varicella-zoster virus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Outbreak of brucellosis at a South-Australian abattoir. 1. Clinical and serological findings.

During the period October 1979 to May 1980, 22 cases of acute brucellosis occurred at a South Australian abattoir. We obtained blood samples for serological investigations and culture of Brucella abortus, and tested the sera using the standard agglutination test (SAT), dithiothreitol test (DTT), anti-human globulin test (AHG) and complement fixation test (CFT). Patients showed large variations in antibody levels in each of these tests, both on presentation and after treatment. Blood culture was successful in six of 15 patients in whom it was attempted. Using the experience gained during the outbreak, we defined a set of serological criteria for the diagnosis of acute brucellosis, particularly in those who are occupationally exposed.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1982

Serological investigation of horse sera for antibodies against mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas.

Sera from horses with respiratory disease (RD) have been investigated using the complement fixation test, indirect hemagglutination test, enzyme immune assay, and the metabolic inhibition test, and sera from mares after abortion, using the complement fixation test, indirect hemagglutination test and enzyme immune assay, for antibodies against Mycoplasma equirhinis, M subdolum, M. equigenitalium, M. pulmonis, M. felis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, A. hippikon and A. equifetale. Antibodies were found against all mycoplasma and acholeplasma species tested, more often against acholeplasmas. The antibody pattern was quite similar for horses with RD and for mares after abortion. The results of the four serological tests performed showed only a limited correlation and the percentage of sera with antibodies detected by the four tests used differed widely.

Abortion, Veterinary↗