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Results for “Choline Deficiency”

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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Action of CCK on CDE diet-induced acute pancreatitis in rats treated with hydrocortisone.

The present work studies the effect of previous hydrocortisone administration (10 mg/kg/day) over 7 days on the later development of diet-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat. Acute pancreatitis was induced by feeding a diet deficient in choline and supplemented with 0.5% ethionine (CDE diet) over 10 days. Hydrocortisone pretreatment exacerbated CDE-induced acute pancreatitis. There was a significant increase in serum amylase, pancreatic edema, and haematocrit levels and an insignificant decrease in pancreatic mass in rats pretreated with hydrocortisone. Pancreatic enzyme secretion was strongly reduced in the rats subjected to acute pancreatitis, and although the drop in enzyme levels did not reach statistical significance, the values of secretion were even further reduced in the animals treated with hydrocortisone, pointing to the absence of pancreatic functionality. This effect can be attributed to enzyme storage elicited by previous hydrocortisone administration; activated intracellularly, these enzymes could aggravate the pathology. Administration of the cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) (10 micrograms/kg/day) during the development of acute pancreatitis in animals pretreated with hydrocortisone substantially improved the general state of the animals' pancreases. There was a significant decrease in serum amylase, pancreatic edema and haematocrit levels in rats injected with CCK, which was accompanied by an increase in pancreatic functionality. Conversely, the administration of L-364,718 (0.1 mg/kg/day), a CCK antagonist, did not improve pancreatic functionality and did not appreciably affect the general state of the organ. It is concluded that in rats with storage levels increased by hydrocortisone administration that are subjected to acute pancreatitis, the secretagogue effect of CCK is more beneficial than the repose of the gland induced by L-364,718.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amylases↗
PubMed2005

Maternal dietary choline availability alters the balance of netrin-1 and DCC neuronal migration proteins in fetal mouse brain hippocampus.

Alterations in maternal dietary choline availability during days 12-17 of pregnancy led to an increase in the level of immunoreactive netrin-1 and a decrease in the level of DCC protein in the developing fetal mouse brain hippocampus compared with controls. Changes in the expression of cell migration cues during development could account for some of the lifelong consequences of maternal dietary choline availability for cognitive and memory processes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Oxidative injury in rat fatty liver exposed to ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by nutritional status.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Oxidative stress contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury in fatty livers. This study aimed to determine whether glycogen depletion influences this oxidative injury and whether the administration of glucose can be protective. METHODS: Rats with choline deficiency-induced fatty liver underwent hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Experimental groups: (1) fed rats; (2) 18 h fasted rats; (3) 18 h fasted rats supplemented with glucose prior to surgery. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyls and total glutathione concentrations were measured in liver tissue and isolated mitochondria as parameters of oxidative stress before and after ischemia and during reperfusion. The mitochondrial F1-ATPase content and the serum alanine transaminase were also determined. RESULTS: With respect to fed rats, fasted rats exhibited an increased oxidative injury in both liver tissue and isolated mitochondria throughout the experiment with the only exception of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, which were not affected by the nutritional status in liver tissue. Fasted rats showed a significantly lower F1-ATPase content and higher alanine transaminase levels. Glucose supplementation significantly reduced the fasting-associated exacerbation of oxidative stress and liver injury and the F1-ATPase exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the pre-existing hepatic glycogen content modulates the oxidative damage in rat fatty livers exposed to ischemia-reperfusion injury and that the energetic substrate supplementation may represent a clinically feasible protective strategy.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2002

Changes of plasma free choline and choline-containing compounds' concentrations and choline loss during hemodialysis in ESRD patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine the changes in plasma free choline and choline-containing compounds in end stage renal disease (ESRD) and to determine if they were lost into the dialysate during hemodialysis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma and dialysate free choline, phosphocholine and phospholipid-, phosphatidylcholine-, sphingomyelin-bound choline were measured before, during and after hemodialysis. RESULTS: Plasma free and bound choline concentrations (mean +/- standard error of the mean) were 12.9 +/- 0.6 and 2697 +/- 57 microM or 37.3 +/- 0.9 and 2792 +/- 98 microM in controls or in ESRD patients, respectively. Free choline concentrations were correlated (r = 0.598; p < 0.001) with the time the patients were subjected to hemodialysis. Plasma free choline and phosphocholine concentrations are decreased by a total of -8.1 +/- 0.6 micromol/L and -88 +/- 8 micromol/L, respectively; phospholipid-, phosphatidylcholine- and sphingomyelin-bound choline are increased, during hemodialysis. Patients lost about 350 micromoles of choline into the dialysate during hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Plasma free choline concentrations are elevated in ESRD, and a considerable amount of choline is lost into the hemodialysate.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Free choline and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in serum and dialysate during peritoneal dialysis in children and adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study tested whether continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) changes free or phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in serum or peritoneal dialysis fluid of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum and dialysate choline and phospholipid-bound choline were measured before, during and after 6 h CAPD. RESULTS: Serum choline concentrations were higher in patients with ESRD compared with age-matched controls. CAPD lowered serum choline concentrations significantly although it did not influence phospholipid-bound choline. Choline accumulated in the dialysate, reaching 28.4 +/- 2.7 microM in children and 18.2 +/- 1.4 microM in adults, during six hours CAPD; phospholipid-bound choline increased to 22.9 +/- 2.5 microM and 10.8 +/- 1.4 microM in children and adults, respectively. The total daily loss of choline into the dialysate was 181 +/- 20 micromoles in children and 260 +/- 18 micromoles in adults. CONCLUSION: CAPD causes a substantial loss of choline into peritoneal dialysates and reduces serum choline concentrations significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Incorporating mechanistic data into risk assessment.

Incorporating mechanistic data into risk assessment is intended to improve the overall scientific validity, and thereby reduce the uncertainty, in human risk analysis. Relevant mechanistic data provides a link between the molecular and cellular event(s) and adverse outcome, and insight into mechanism of action is critical for accurate evaluation of dose-response relationships and inter-species extrapolation. This paper provides an example of applying mechanistic data to human risk assessment using the frameworks outlined by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Key components of the data are used to address the strength and consistency of the mechanism and to apply these data to human risk characterization.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Prenatal dietary choline availability alters postnatal neurotoxic vulnerability in the adult rat.

The availability of choline during the prenatal period influences neural and cognitive development. Here we report that choline supplementation during a six-day gestational period protects against neurodegeneration in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices of adult female rats produced by systemic administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801). These data show that availability of choline during a brief prenatal period diminishes vulnerability to neurotoxicity in adult offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an in vivo method of estimating hippocampal neuronal depletion in schizophrenia.

Diffuse loss of cortical volume and ventricular enlargement have been demonstrated in schizophrenia using imaging. In addition, histological studies have provided evidence that the number of neurons in the medial temporal lobe structures is reduced and that the cytoarchitecture is abnormal. In an attempt to correlate these histological findings with in vivo estimates of neuronal integrity we have studied the concentration of the neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in the hippocampi of schizophrenics using in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Compared with a group of healthy volunteers schizophrenics showed a 22% loss of NAA in the left hippocampus. Two other metabolites, choline and creatine showed bilateral reduction in schizophrenics and these achieved significance in the left hippocampus. These results indicate a significant depletion of NAA in schizophrenia and are in close agreement with the reported neuronal loss in the hippocampus detected histologically. We propose that in vivo MRS is a valid measure of integrity of neuronal populations in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Metabolic response of normal and malignant tissue to acute and chronic methionine stress in athymic mice bearing human glial tumor xenografts.

Chronic methionine (MET) stress, defined as depletion of plasma MET to levels below 5 microM, can be induced in animals with withdrawal of dietary MET, homocysteine (HCYS), and choline (CHOL) plus periodic administration of recombinant L-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-lyase (rMETase) and rescue homocystine (HCYSS), given i.p. every 8 and 24 h, respectively. This study describes the effect of this MET depleting regimen (METdr) on normal and malignant tissue using athymic mice bearing human glial tumor xenografts. A 7-day METdr in athymic mice bearing SWB40 and U87 anaplastic astrocytoma xenografts reduced tumor MET to 30% of their baseline values. Although this reduction halted tumor growth, it did not induce the expected complete inhibition of mitosis or a rapid and extensive necrosis. In contrast, SWB77 and D-54 xenografts (glioblastomas) showed marked regression, widespread necrosis, and complete loss of mitotic activity when they were subjected to METdr. Levels of MET in SWB77 and D-54 did not respond to METdr as readily as those in SWB40 and U87 and remained relatively high as the tumor responded to treatment and regressed. High steady states of MET along with the absence of HCYS in high-grade gliomas indicates that transmethylation reactions may be inhibited in such tumors under modest methionine stress conditions. On the basis of these results, it is postulated that METdr in its present formulation is more effective against high-grade, more aggressive gliomas, which are resistant to chemotherapy, than against the more differentiated astrocytic tumors. This may be due to the higher requirements of high-grade gliomas for MET to maintain a state of active proliferation. Further studies are needed to identify the source of MET in glial tumors under METdr and to develop more effective regimens to deplete tumor MET, which might result in a complete and sustained regression of high-grade gliomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Decreased serum choline concentrations in humans after surgery, childbirth, and traumatic head injury.

The serum levels of choline decreased by approximately 50% in patients having a surgery under general as well as epidural anesthesia. The decrease is lasts for two days after surgery. Intravenous administration of succinylcholine, either by a single bolus injection or by a slow continuous infusion, increased the serum choline levels several folds during surgery. In these patients, a significant decrease in the serum choline levels was observed one and two days after surgery. In 16 pregnant women at the term, serum choline levels were higher than the value observed in 19 nonpregnant women. The serum choline levels decreased by about 40% or 60% after having a childbirth either by vaginal delivery or caesarean section, respectively. Serum choline levels in blood obtained from 9 patients with traumatic head injury were significantly lower than the observed levels in blood samples obtained from healthy volunteers. These observations show that serum choline levels increase during pregnancy and decrease during stressful situations in humans.

Anesthesia, General↗