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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical and biochemical characteristics of the status of stomach cancer patients who were exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

As many as 208 patients with carcinoma of the stomach were examined, with 98 of these, having been victims of Chernobyl accident. It has been established that in spite of the fact that the clinical picture was practically identical in both case groups those patients having been exposed to mixed radiation demonstrated more clearly manifest endogenous intoxication, impairement of erythrocytic membrane function, which fact calls correction of these changes in the preoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immune and microcirculatory disorders and their correction in the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station who have neurosomatic pathology].

A study was made of the immune status as well of microhemodynamics in those 312 patients presenting with neurosomatic pathologies who had taken part in the elimination of aftereffects of Chernobyl NPP accident. The degree of alterations in immunity and microcirculation was found to be associated with the gravity of cerebrovascular and concurrent gastrointestinal pathologies. Use in a combined treatment of ultraviolet-radiated blood, laser irradiation of blood as well as administration of parmidine permit rapid elimination of the abnormalities revealed. An association was established between values for immunity and those for microcirculation, which fact pathogenetic interrelationship between these findings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The functional status of the hypophyseal-thyroid and hypophyseal-adrenal systems in breast cancer patients taking into account their exposure to the factors of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Breast cancer patients residing in those territories controllable because of Chernobyl APP accident demonstrated significant disturbances in functional state of hypophyseal-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal axes, with central regulatory mechanisms being affected to the greatest extent. The above disturbances may arouse augmentation of prolactin secretion, which fact tends to aggravate the morbus course worsening the prognosis as well as leading to a variety of disorder in the reproductive system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiosensitivity and postradiation kinetics of megakaryocyte release of the bone marrow (analysis based on data of the Chernobyl AES accident sequelae)].

The radiosensitivity of cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring in accordance of their maturity has been evaluated on the basis of analysis of changes in thrombocyte level in peripheral blood of the Chernobyl disaster victims. The radiosensitivity of committed cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring by the criterion D0 is presumably 1.6-1.7 Gy(n = 1). More mature polyploid cells (megakaryoblasts, megakaryocytes) apparently are "absolutely" radioresistant and within the analysed range of doses (0.1-13.7 Gy) their function of thrombocyte producing remains intact. It has been proved that the rate of thrombocyte escape from peripheral blood rises with the acute radiation disease under going in the comparison with the norm that seriously affects the lifetime of thrombocytes. The transit time of megakaryocyte starting from primarily committed cell and ending with a cellular element, producing thrombocytes, is not a constant value. The normal transit time is approximately 28 days.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of reproductive behavior in Russian and Byelarus populations exposed to ionizing radiation as a consequence of the Chernobyl AES accident].

As a result of the Chernobyl accident the population in Gomel and Mogilev districts of Belorussia as well as in Bryansk district in Russia were exposed to ionizing radiation. The changes in pregnancy outcomes (spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, etc) are the integral indices reflecting the state of the population under post-accident conditions. The data obtained don't allow us to isolate reliably the radiation-induced component in post-accident behavior of the studied populations.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

[Genetic sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in house mice (Mus musculus)].

Genetic disorders were studied in house mice caught from 1986 to 1993 in areas contaminated by radionuclides after the Chernobyl disaster. Dose rates on soil surface ranged from 0.02 to 200 mR/h. Frequency of reciprocal translocations in spermatocytes of the mice studied was relatively low, but increased with dose rate. In populations, frequency of mice heterozygous for recessive lethal mutations decreased with time after the accident. The data obtained allow us to assume that induced mutations may lead to elimination of germ cells and decreased viability in mice heterozygous for the mutations. These processes result in removing excess mutations from the population.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiation-induced cytogenetic markers detected 8 years after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station by different methods of analyzing metaphase chromosome preparations in persons who have had acute radiation sickness].

A comparative cytogenetic observation of 10 patients suffered from acute radiation sickness of second and third degree as a result of Chernobyl accident has been carried out. The new data about the level of unstable and stable biomarkers of irradiation delayed exposure were established using conventional G-banding and FISH-staining.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Respiratory and hemodynamic disorders in the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

After examination of cardiorespiratory function in 10 males exposed to Chernobyl accident unfavorable factors at the age of 31-45 years suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis (7 cases) and mixed bronchial asthma (3 cases) it was established that the patients had ventilation disorders of mixed genesis (moderate obstructive and respiratory affections), frequently occurring decreased specific diffusion (DLCO/Va) in normal total diffusion capacity of the lungs, inefficient gas exchange, midly declined left ventricular pump capacity and contractility. In the above patients a relationship was found between parameters of central hemodynamics assessed at echo-CG and severity of ventilation impairment and respiratory insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The prevalence of respiratory organ diseases among those who cleaned up the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Epidemiological investigation of 206 males aged 30-45 exposed to radiation while working from May 1986 to March 1987 (the period of most likely radioactive dust inhalation damage) in radionuclide-contaminated zone after the Chernobyl accident has been performed. Chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma occurred in the examinees 4.1 and 7.1 times more frequently than in nonexposed controls. The exposure to radionuclides was found related to subsequent respiratory disorders. Bronchopulmonary diseases in the emergency crews exposed to radiation were encountered in 42.5% which is two times more frequently than in control subjects. In view of this, it is necessary to introduce urgently special prophylactic programs for the above subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The morphological characteristics of the alveolar macrophages in those who cleaned up the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station at a late period (1)].

The paper presents morphological, morphometric and densitometric evidence obtained on cytoplasmic inclusions of alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage of chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) sufferers. All of them previously worked in the zone contaminated after the Chernobyl accident. The control consisted of nonexposed to radiation COB patients. In the exposed subjects alveolar macrophages were more active, 20% of cytoplasm was occupied by numerous phagolysosomes varying in form. Their densitometric evaluation has been performed. Further bronchoalveolar lavages will be conducted to follow up the above changes in alveolar macrophages.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The pathomorphology of the pulmonary infectious complications in acute radiation sickness (based on the autopsy data from persons who died as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The lungs from 27 patients who died from acute radiation sickness in Chernobyl accident were studied histologically. Pulmonary infectious complications were found caused by invasion of viral, bacterial and fungal agents. 2 cases with cytomegaloviral pneumonitis, 3 with focal bronchopneumonia and 3 with pulmonary candidiasis are described. Being dependent on hematopoietic function, the inflammatory reactions were not pronounced in postirradiation aplasia and became evident in the recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[The presence of cesium-137 in the tissue of a lung tumor in someone who cleaned up the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

A man of 66 participated in the emergency works after the Chernobyl accident. His official dose of radiation comprised 24 roentgens. In March, 1993, he underwent prophylactic examination including computed tomography which revealed peripheral tumor in the lower part of the left lung with penetration in the lymph nodes of the lung root. Biopsy showed it to be adenocarcinoma. Moreover, electron-microscopically, more than 40% of alveolar macrophages contained large optically dense particles in the cytoplasm. After lobectomy in March 1993 x-ray and gamma spectrometry of the removed lung tissue recorded high content of 137Cs (0.1-0.18 Bq). This finding evidences possible long-term deposition of radionuclides in the bronchopulmonary system of radiation-exposed subjects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[The results of the combined programmed treatment of those who cleaned up the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station who suffer from respiratory organ diseases].

Examination of respiratory system in subjects exposed to long-term inhalation of radioactive dust when engaged in repair works after the Chernobyl accident have revealed specific pathology of the respiratory organs caused by long-term persistence of radioactive dust in the lung tissue. A special regimen of combined treatment has been developed which included: bronchoalveolar lavage, antioxidants, broncholytics, mucolytics, extracorporeal procedures, physical rehabilitation. 1-year monitoring of subjects on this treatment versus untreated controls proved the above regimen beneficial as the patients exhibited less intensive clinical symptoms, less frequent exacerbations of infectious and inflammatory processes, higher quality of life. Some of the patients resumed work. Contrary to controls, the patients had no signs of progression. Therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage led to elimination of a large percent of the radioactive dust which was present in the alveolar macrophages, thus ruling out the key factor of respiratory affections.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage↗
PubMed1995

[Characteristics of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in participants in the cleanup of the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Morphological electron-microscopic evaluation of gastroduodenal mucosa in subjects who worked in the zone of radionuclide contamination after the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987 and therefore exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (18, 62 sGy on the average) discovered deficiency of tissue immunocompetent cells, dystrophic changes in the epithelium and stroma. In epithelial cells there were structural shifts in microvillae, organoids and nuclei. Epithelium, stroma and endothelium of blood vessels contained dark cells with thick hyaloplasm.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The microwave therapy of patients with duodenal peptic ulcer who took part in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

With the purpose of increasing effectiveness of therapy and preventive treatment of those patients having been in the zone of the Chernobyl accident, microwave resonance therapy (MRT) was tried in a multiple-modality treatment of this patient population. There were 36 male patients with a mean age of 37.7 years. The control group was 39 patients being representative in terms of all the main signs. Resonance frequency was individually adjusted according to individual reactivity of the body assessed by means of intracutaneous test with prodigiozane. MRT was applied in the ranges of 73 to 76 and 55 to 58 GC to hypo- and hyper-reactants respectively. After the multiple-modality treatment, 79.7% of the main group patients showed a stable positive clinical effect with their ulcers having been completely healed, compared with 54.3% in the controls. High reparative effect in the main group was accompanied with normalization of the vegetative nervous system status.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Consequences of the reactor breakdown at Chernobyl 10 years after the catastrophe].

An international conference organised by the European Commission the International Agency of Atomic Energy and the World Health Organization took place on 8-12 April 1996. The conference aimed at evaluating the consequences of the nuclear reactor break down in Chernobyl which have far been identified. The author presents the general outcome of the conference. The article has been prepared on the basis of the conference materials, discussions held during individual sessions and original publications devoted to this subject. All the materials are in the author's possession and can be made available to those interested. The work will be reprinted in extenso in one of the coming issues of the International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health.

Environmental Monitoring↗