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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Spinal Burkitt's lymphoma manifesting as nocturnal abdominal pain and constipation: a case report.

A 3-year-old boy presented at the Taiwan Adventist Hospital in Taipei with nocturnal epigastric pain and constipation. Abdominal X-ray showed colonic faecal impaction. Abdominal sonography showed gastric stasis with thickened pyloric wall and dilated rectosigmoid colons. The mouth-to-anus transit time (MATT) was prolonged. Endoscopy showed pale gastric mucosa, atony of pylorus and widening of the duodenal bulb. Three weeks after the onset of abdominal pain, he developed urinary incontinence and rapidly deteriorating paraplegia of lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an extradural intraspinal mass of T5-T8 and a soft tissue mass in the right superior mediastinum. After a laminectomy and tumour excision, the patient's symptoms improved quickly. The pathology revealed Burkitt's lymphoma. This is the first report of nocturnal abdominal pain and constipation as the initial manifestation of spinal Burkitt's lymphoma.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1977

Constipation in childhood: a controlled comparison between lactulose and standardized senna.

Twenty-one children under 15-years' old with chronic constipation were treated in a crossover trial lasting 3 weeks. In the first week they received either lactulose or senna, in the next week no treatment, and in the third week the alternative treatment. Patient diaries were kept by parents on the number and character of stools passed, and of side-effects reported, during the 3 weeks. There was a significant difference, in favour of lactulose, in the number of days on which normal stools were passed during the treatment weeks. The number and frequency of the side-effects reported in the senna treatment week were very much higher (p less than 0.001) than in the lactulose week. Lactulose is recommended as an effective and very well tolerated treatment for the constipated child.

Child↗
PubMed1998

A multi-centre, general practice comparison of ispaghula husk with lactulose and other laxatives in the treatment of simple constipation.

An open, multi-centre study in general practice compared with efficacy, speed of action and acceptability of ispaghula husk (Fybogel Orange, Reckitt & Colman Products, UK), lactulose and other laxatives in the treatment of patients with simple constipation. A total of 65 GPs recruited 394 patients, of whom 224 (56.9%) were assigned to treatment with ispaghula and 170 (43.1%) to other laxatives (mainly lactulose) for up to four weeks. Thirteen patients withdrew before treatment started, so that 381 entered the study. Patients were assessed by their GP before entry and after two and four weeks of treatment. Patients also kept daily records of their bowel movements. After four weeks' treatment, ispaghula husk was assessed by the GPs to be superior to the other treatments in improving bowel function and in overall effectiveness, palatability and acceptability. Patients' reports of time to first bowel movement showed little difference between the treatments. Over 60% of patients in each treatment group passed a first motion within 24 hours, and over 80% within 36 hours. Ispaghula husk produced a higher percentage of normal, well-formed stools and fewer hard stools than other laxatives. Incidences of soiling, diarrhoea and abdominal pain were lower in the group receiving ispaghula husk. Overall, ispaghula husk was an effective treatment for simple constipation, and was associated with better stool consistency and a lower incidence of adverse events compared with lactulose or with other laxatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Urinary tract dilatation in constipated children.

Abnormalities of the upper urinary tract were sought retrospectively in 180 children with constipation who had been investigated surgically over a 5-year period. Of those in whom an intravenous urogram had been performed, the incidence of dilatation of the upper renal tract was high, but only 12% of the patients with non-organic constipation had been so investigated.

Child↗
PubMed2005

An overview of constipation management for community nurses.

Constipation is thought to affect nearly one-fifth of the population, and can arise for a multitude of reasons, some physical, some psychological. Nurses must therefore approach constipation in the awareness of the range of contributory factors and consequently the range of treatment options available.

Constipation↗
PubMed2006

A new look at constipation management in the community.

Constipation affects the quality of life of many 'at risk' groups of people. Laxatives are the dominant management strategy whose long-term use is ineffective and very costly to the NHS prescription bill and in the use of health staff resources. The development of a user-friendly, evidence-based clinical guideline (The effective management of constipation in primary care) has the potential to change the present situation by providing healthcare practitioners with an aide-mémoire to assist clinical reasoning, in order to re-evaluate current practice and suggest combined alternative treatment strategies. Early indications of use of the guideline suggest holistic individualised bowel management programmes can significantly reduce laxative use and nursing interventions and lead to improved quality of life.

Constipation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biofeedback: a first-line treatment for idiopathic constipation.

This article defines the various types of defecatory problems which could be termed idiopathic constipation, and outlines the main diagnostic tests used to identify its origins. It highlights the limited role that laxatives, increased dietary fibre, and surgery can play in the management of this condition. It suggests the use of biofeedback and associated non-invasive strategies as the treatment of first choice in idiopathic constipation. The article stresses that as there is often a significant psychological cause or contribution to this condition, the counselling, discussion, and listening which biofeedback therapy entails are just as important as training patients to coordinate their defecatory muscles during straining.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, and edema associated with orlistat.

OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of a novel group of adverse effects associated with initiation and rechallenge of orlistat. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old white woman developed symptoms of constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, and increased lower-leg edema after 2 weeks of treatment with orlistat 120 mg 3 times daily. The drug was discontinued for 4 days and the symptoms resolved. On reinstitution of the orlistat treatment, the symptoms reappeared within 2 days. Thereafter, the medication was permanently discontinued. DISCUSSION: Common gastrointestinal adverse reactions associated with orlistat use include fecal urgency and abdominal pain and discomfort. Pedal edema has also been reported to occur, although less frequently. No reports were discovered documenting the occurrence of constipation, polydipsia, and polyuria associated with the use of orlistat. Despite careful consideration of other possible causes of these symptoms, the temporal association between initiation, discontinuation, and rechallenge of orlistat and the patient's symptoms suggest a medication-related adverse event. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, the likelihood that orlistat was the cause of this cluster of adverse effects is possible. CONCLUSIONS: It is important for the healthcare provider to be aware of these adverse effects to promptly evaluate and differentiate between possible causes of similar reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effectiveness of aldose reductase inhibitors for diabetic gastroenteropathy with constipation.

We present a diabetic patient with long-standing constipation complicated by paralytic ileus and septic shock. She successfully recovered from a critical condition, and her diabetes was well controlled. However, the constipation did not improve even after the administration of conventional medications. Epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), improved her bowel motility and autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction, as evident from her heart rate and blood pressure response. Gastroenteropathy is a major diabetic complication which may cause disturbed bowel motility leading to serious enterobacterial infections, thus, its amelioration is important. ARI may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic gastroenteropathy refractory to conventional therapies.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed2006

Mechanism of constipation in familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a case report.

Previously no functional study has been available for the mechanism of constipation in familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). We performed a gut function test in a 78-year-old woman with transthyretin-type FAP who had severe constipation. The gut function test showed a prolonged colonic transit time, a low anal pressure at rest and upon squeezing, loss of the spontaneous phasic rectal contractions, and weak abdominal strain. All these abnormalities suggested a peripheral autonomic dysfunction, corresponding to the enteric neuropathy that was confirmed upon autopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Holistic approach to chronic constipation.

By "holistic approach" (greek "olos" = "all") we mean a clinical approach which is not only confined to the diseased segment of the body, say the inert large bowel or the spastic pelvic floor in case of constipation, but takes under consideration the whole "mind and body complex", which is a unique indivisible entity. According to a prospective study carried out in our Unit and under press in Colorectal Disease, 66% of the patients with obstructed defecation suffer either from anxiety or depression, thus showing the major role played by an altered psyche in the etiology of their constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Colonic propulsion in diverticular disease, idiopathic constipation, and the irritable colon syndrome.

Colonic intraluminal pressure and intestinal transit were examined in diverticular disease, idiopathic constipation, and the irritable colon syndrome. Small bowel transit was normal. Total gastrointestinal transit was prolonged. Colonic transit showed an equal delay in all segments, expedited by bran. In constipation, transit was the more prolonged, but in the irritable colon syndrome, pressure was more affected. Diverticular disease patients showed features resembling each of these two groups. Pressure and transit showed an inverse relationship maintained after bran.

Colon↗
PubMed1991

Severe, longstanding constipation in adults. Indications for surgical treatment.

In recent years new techniques for the investigation of colonic motility and defaecation mechanism have been developed. On the basis of the results of these studies it has been suggested that there might be an indication for a surgical approach to the distressing problem of constipation. Because this approach is still controversial, it seems to be appropriate to review the suggested indications for the use of surgery in the treatment of constipation and to discuss the results as reported in the literature so far.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1990

Role of surgical treatment in patients with severe constipation.

Surgery for severe constipation is necessary in only a small minority of patients. For those patients with a normal diameter colon, the standard procedure remains a colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. Although the bowel frequency is usually improved, a third of patients experience post-operative diarrhoea, 10% remain constipated, and two thirds continue to experience some pain. Psychological evaluation is essential preoperatively. In patients with an idiopathic megarectum or megacolon, the best operation is less well defined. In those patients with a moderately dilated rectum or colon, a colonic resection offers the best results with a low morbidity. In those patients with a widely dilated rectum, a Duhamel procedure is reasonable but there is a higher morbidity and the results are less uniformly satisfactory.

Constipation↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of soluble fiber dietary supplement on constipation in 3 patients with dysphagia who suffered from cerebral infarction with special reference to serum diamine oxidase activity].

Dietary supplement with soluble fibers was given to 3 patients with stroke and dysphagia and obtained improved defecation condition. These clinical effects of soluble fibers should reduce the burden of the patients and families. Long-term inaction of the gastrointestinal tract or continuation of supplementary diet without fibers will induce atrophic intestinal mucosa and abnormal intestinal function. The addition of dietary soluble fibers into supplementary diet can improve the atrophy of the intestinal mucosa and the decline in function of the intestine, constipation and meteorism. The serum diamine oxidase activity, which is regarded as a parameter of intestinal mucosal atrophy, increased with the improvement of constipation and meteorism after addition of dietary soluble fibers. We think that dietary soluble fibers are necessary, especially for the patients who have low diamine oxidase activity. The measurement of serum diamine oxidase activity should be an effective method to evaluate intestinal mucosal atrophy and estimate dietary fibers. We selected a supplementary diet, Enrich-SF, which contains Fibaron, a kind of soluble fiber, galactomannan purified from guar, because this canned supplementary diet has only one kind of soluble fiber. Some consider that soluble fibers are fermented to short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract, and improve the disordered bacterial flora in the intestine, resulting in more regular intestinal function. Attention should be paid to dietary fibers in cases of long-term tube feeding.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of thermal water in patients with functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome accompanying constipation.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of water supplementation treatment in patients with functional dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) accompanying predominant constipation. METHODS: A total of 3872 patients with functional dyspepsia and 3609 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were enrolled in the study by 18 Italina thermal centres. Patients underwent a first cycle of thermal therapy for 21 d. A year later patients were re-evaluated at the same centre and received another cycle of thermal therapy. A questionnaire to collect personal data on social and occupational status, family and pathological case history, life style, clinical records, utilisation of welfare and health structure and devices was administered to each patient at basal time and one year after each thermal treatment. Sixty patients with functional dyspepsia and 20 with IBS and 80 healthy controls received an evaluation of gastric output and oro-cecal transit time by breath test analysis. Breath test was performed at basal time and after water supplementation therapies. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated at the same time points. Breath samples were analyzed with a mass spectometer and a gascromatograph. Results were expressed as T(1/2) and T-lag for octanoic acid breath test and as oro-cecal transit time for lactulose breath test. RESULTS: A significant reduction of prevalence of symptoms was observed at the end of the first and second cycles of thermal therapy in dyspeptic and IBS patients. The analysis of variance showed a real and persistant improvement of symptoms in all patients. After water supplementation for 3 wk a reduction of gastric output was observed in 49 (87.5%) of 56 dyspeptic patients. Both T(1/2) and T-lag were significantly reduced after the therapy compared to basal values [91 +/- 12 T(1/2) and 53 +/- 11 (T-lag), Tables 1 and 2] with results of octanoic acid breath test similar to healthy subjects. After water supplementation for 3 wk oro-cecal transit time was shorter than that at the beginning of the study. CONCLUSION: Mineral water supplementation treatment for functional dyspepsia or constipation accompanying IBS can improve gastric acid output and intestinal transit time.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Germinated barley foodstuff increases fecal volume and butyrate production at relatively low doses and relieves constipation in humans.

Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF), derived from the aleurone layer, scutellum and germ of germinated barley, contains a large quantity of fermentable dietary fibers, especially hemicellulose. GBF was given to 9 healthy volunteers in a dose of 9 g of GBF per day for 10 consecutive days, and subsequently 18 g of GBF for another 10 days. As a control, no GBF was given for 3 days before administration of GBF (control period). Fecal weight, water content and short chain fatty acid content were measured before and during the last 3 days of each experimental period. Feeding of GBF significantly increased the fecal butyrate content as well as fecal weight at both dose-levels (9 and 18 g/day), compared with those during the control period. Daily administration of 9 g GBF induced the maximum level of defecation in humans. Relatively mild but chronic constipated volunteers (n = 16) were administered 9 g of GBF daily for 14 days. In this experiment, the condition of defecation (frequency, volume) was estimated by a questionnaire survey. GBF significantly improved defecation within a short period without severe adverse effects. No major abnormalities in laboratory findings were found in hematologic and urinary analyses. In conclusion, daily administration of 9 g GBF was effective for improving defecation in healthy but constipated humans. GBF is a highly safe and effective foodstuff for improving defecation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prescribe with care. The role of laxatives in the treatment of constipation.

The use of laxatives is widespread throughout North American hospitals and long-term care facilities. Although constipation is a frequent complaint among the elderly, the use of laxatives is not always warranted; increases in physical activity, fluid intake, and dietary fiber may be sufficient to control constipation. The occasional use of a laxative is not harmful, but the daily use of these drugs for achieving a bowel movement may be detrimental to the resident because of the side effects they can produce and drug interactions that can occur with other medications. Potential solutions to the overuse of laxative agents include the use of dietary bran; less regular administration of stimulant and osmotic agents; more regular administration of bulk-forming laxatives and stool softeners; an increase in the awareness of normal gastrointestinal physiology; and the role of non-drug factors.

Cathartics↗