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Results for “Bioethical Issues”

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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Medical ethics: problems of theory and practice.

The paper analyzes the development of medical ethics in the USSR, and its socio-psychological, scientific-technological, and organizational factors. Special attention is given to the interdependence of moral-ethical problems with organizational issues.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2004

[Ethics and research between governance and information].

In Italy, as well as in the European Union, there is an increasing need for a common forum on ethics within scientific research. As regards the pivot issue of science governance, a central point of collection and standardization of the variety of different Italian scientific research and bioethics environments is desirable. A focal point of collaboration and discussion, and a credited site for information handling and spreading are also wellcome. The Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche website on Bioethics is conceived with these purposes, in order to restore the scientific community role in science public understanding, scientific policy counselling, and boost the processes of communication, value-sharing and social strengthening, which are useful for material and spiritual development of our country.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2004

Public consultation in ethics: an experiment in representative ethics.

Genome Canada has funded a research project to evaluate the usefulness of different forms of ethical analysis for assessing the moral weight of public opinion in the governance of genomics. This paper will describe a role of public consultation for ethical analysis and a contribution of ethical analysis to public consultation and the governance of genomics/biotechnology. Public consultation increases the robustness of ethical analysis with a more diverse set of moral experiences. Consultation must be carefully and respectfully designed to generate sufficiently diverse and rich accounts of moral experiences. Since dominant groups tend to define ethical or policy issues in a manner that excludes some interests or perspectives, it is important to identify the range of interests that diverse publics hold before defining the issue and scope of the discussion and the premature foreclosure of ethical dialogue. Consequently, a significant contribution of ethical dialogue strengthened by social analysis is to consider the context and non-policy use of power to govern genomics and to sustain social debate on enduring ethical issues.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1992

The 'far east' of biological ethics.

The ethics of biological research, and its general impact, are hotly debated in the West. Japanese silence on the issues is counterproductive. Will the Human Genome Project provide the catalyst for change?

Animal Experimentation↗
PubMed1995

The ethics of discharge planning for older adults: an ethnographic analysis.

This paper uses ethnographic data to examine ethical dilemmas in discharging elderly persons from the hospital. The focus is on two elements significantly influencing that process, the patient's decisional capacity and the involvement of family members in decision-making. Within the field of bioethics these issues have been discussed in terms of factors compromising the autonomy of the patient and the interdependency of family members. An ethnographic analysis demonstrates how several assumptions in bioethical approaches to these issues are problematic. First, bioethical discussions generally neglect social and structural factors that condition discharge decision-making. The rationality and mental capability of the individuals making decisions are presumed to exist independently of those persons' social contexts; they are also assumed to be concrete properties amenable to objective assessment. Bioethical models further assume that 'the family' is an identifiable ontological unit that exists independently of the setting in which decisions are made and that interdependency is a concrete attribute of familial relations. In contrast, this study shows how discharge planning is an event produced by the interplay among diverse interests. The structure of the discharge planner's role and processes of collective decision-making shape how medical staff perceive and define patients' decisional capacity and the involvement of families. This points to unintentional and unrecognized ways in which the patient's choices and control over decisions can be restricted. The analysis supports attempts to develop bioethical models based on socially grounded principles recognizing the importance of both autonomy and interdependence in long term care decisions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Human reproduction: dominion and limits.

The general struggle throughout Christian history has been to seek the proper balance between dominion and limits, intervention and nonintervention, givenness, and creativity. This struggle has worked itself out in six areas that touch human life. In this essay, I will revisit the Catholic tradition's treatment of these in terms of dominion and limits to see whether we can discern developmental patterns that might suggest an approach to issues pertaining to the sources of life (reproductive ethics) as we move into the next century.

Abortion, Induced↗