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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Profiling care and benchmarking best practice in care of hospitalized elderly: the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile.

This article reports on a new instrument, the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile (GIAP), developed to assess (1) hospital workers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding care of geriatric patients, and (2) the perceived adequacy of an institutional environment to serve geriatric patients' needs. Findings are reported from 303 questionnaires completed by health care employees from a 658-bed academic medical center. Internal consistency estimates were consistently high for the various components of the GIAP. Factor analysis was performed to examine underlying dimensions of knowledge and institutional environment. The GIAP has the potential to narrow the gap between actual and best practice in geriatric care by identifying staff information needs and concerns, as well as institutional barriers and facilitators to providing quality geriatric hospital care.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of bailout versus elective stenting: time to reassess our benchmarks of outcome.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of elective and bailout stenting in an era of improved stent deployment techniques and antithrombotic therapy. We retrospectively analysed 136 consecutive patients undergoing stent implantation over a 15 mo period. There was no significant difference in the follow-up duration, length of hospital stay, or the total incidence of major complications between the two groups. Bailout stenting, as compared to elective stenting, was not associated with an increased incidence of in-hospital (no death vs. 1.4%, 4.6% non-Q myocardial infarction vs. 0%, 7.7% vascular complications vs. 7.0%) or late complications (no death vs. 1.4%, no non-Q myocardial infarction vs. 2.8%, 3.1% repeat angioplasty vs. 5.6%, 1.5% coronary artery bypass surgery vs. 1.4%). Stents can be implanted in cases of failed angioplasty with a success rate similar to that of elective stent implantation with a low incidence of complications and equivalent clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Predictions of protein segments with the same aminoacid sequence and different secondary structure: a benchmark for predictive methods.

The most stringent test for predictive methods of protein secondary structure is whether identical short sequences that are known to be present with different conformations in different proteins known at atomic resolution can be correctly discriminated. In this study, we show that the prediction efficiency of this type of segments in unrelated proteins reaches an average accuracy per residue ranging from about 72 to 75% (depending on the alignment method used to generate the input sequence profile) only when methods of the third generation are used. A comparison of different methods based on segment statistics (2nd generation methods) and/or including also evolutionary information (3rd generation methods) indicate that the discrimination of the different conformations of identical segments is dependent on the method used for the prediction. Accuracy is similar when methods similarly performing on the secondary structure prediction are tested. When evolutionary information is taken into account as compared to single sequence input, the number of correctly discriminated pairs is increased twofold. The results also highlight the predictive capability of neural networks for identical segments whose conformation differs in different proteins.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality benchmarks for brain injury rehabilitation services.

Quality, a leading priority in health care today, must be quantified if a rehabilitation facility is to accurately evaluate its treatment effectiveness and durability. Quality can be seen as including four domains, or dimensions: accountability, professional staffing, value, and proven results. This article offers suggestions to rehabilitation case managers and discharge planners, who are in search of quality, on how to evaluate a brain injury rehabilitation program prior to referring patients to a facility.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Benchmarking approximate density functional theory. I. s/d excitation energies in 3d transition metal cations.

The performance of a number of different implementations of density functional theory (DFT) for predicting the s/d interconfigurational energies of the 3d transition metal cations is investigated. Systematic comparisons of computed results with experimental data indicate that gradient corrected correlation functionals, like the LYP GGA, efficiently correct the flaws of the LDA, but reveal shortcomings in the treatment of exchange by currently available GGAs. The admixture of exact exchange in hybrid functionals eventually leads to largely reduced errors. Several basis sets available for the 3d elements are tested in combination with the B3LYP functional. Finally, the influence of variations of the admixture of exact exchange is systematically tested. The results reveal that computed s/d excitation energies obtained for the individual ions depend in markedly different ways on the amount of exact exchange admixture and that there is no single optimal and transferable exchange parameter to create a hybrid functional that yields improved results for all ions alike. Several of the recently devised functionals perform as good as or slightly better than the B3LYP functional in the present study. But given the fact that the B3LYP functional has been identified as the most successful DFT method in an overwhelming number of systematic investigations in very many areas of chemical research, there is no persuasive motivation to recommend its replacement by one of the other functionals, as much less is known about their robustness.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Benchmarking secondary structure prediction for fold recognition.

If secondary structure predictions are to be incorporated into fold recognition methods, an assessment of the effect of specific types of errors in predicted secondary structures on the sensitivity of fold recognition should be carried out. Here, we present a systematic comparison of different secondary structure prediction methods by measuring frequencies of specific types of error. We carry out an evaluation of the effect of specific types of error on secondary structure element alignment (SSEA), a baseline fold recognition method. The results of this evaluation indicate that missing out whole helix or strand elements, or predicting the wrong type of element, is more detrimental than predicting the wrong lengths of elements or overpredicting helix or strand. We also suggest that SSEA scoring is an effective method for assessing accuracy of secondary structure prediction and perhaps may also provide a more appropriate assessment of the "usefulness" and quality of predicted secondary structure, if secondary structure alignments are to be used in fold recognition.

Models, Molecular↗
PubMed2003

A consistent potential energy parameter set for lipids: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine as a benchmark of the GROMOS96 45A3 force field.

The performance of the GROMOS96 parameter set 45A3 developed for aliphatic alkanes is tested on a bilayer of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in water in the liquid-crystalline L(alpha) phase. Variants of the force-field parameter set as well as different sets of simulation conditions or simulation parameter sets are evaluated. In the case of the force-field parameters, the van der Waals constants for the non-bonded interaction of the ester carbonyl carbon and the partial charges and charge group definition of the phosphatidylcholine head group are examined. On the methodological side, different cut-off distances for the non-bonded interactions, use of a reaction-field force due to long-range electrostatic interactions, the frequency of removal of the centre of mass motion and the strength of the coupling of the pressure of the system to the pressure bath are tested. The area per lipid, as a measure of structure, the order parameters of the chain carbons, as a measure of membrane fluidity, and the translational diffusion of the lipids in the plane of the bilayer are calculated and compared with experimental values. An optimal set of simulation parameters for which the GROMOS96 parameter set 45A3 yields a head group area, chain order parameters and a lateral diffusion coefficient in accordance with the experimental data is listed.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1993

Designing, benchmarking, and applying a Monte Carlo electron transport code.

The design of a Monte Carlo electron transport code is described, with particular attention being given to the modeling of multiple-scattering, ionization, and bremsstrahlung production. Comparisons of code predictions with experimental data are presented, together with simple radiation therapy applications.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Re-evaluating genetic algorithm performance under coordinate rotation of benchmark functions. A survey of some theoretical and practical aspects of genetic algorithms.

In recent years, genetic algorithms (GAs) have become increasingly robust and easy to use. Current knowledge and many successful experiments suggest that the application of GAs is not limited to easy-to-optimize unimodal functions. Several results and GA theory give the impression that GAs easily escape from millions of local optima and reliably converge to a single global optimum. The theoretical analysis presented in this paper shows that most of the widely-used test functions have n independent parameters and that, when optimizing such functions, many GAs scale with an O(n ln n) complexity. Furthermore, it is shown that the current design of GAs and its parameter settings are optimal with respect to independent parameters. Both analysis and results show that a rotation of the coordinate system causes a severe performance loss to GAs that use a small mutation rate. In case of a rotation, the GA's complexity can increase up to O(nn) = O(exp(n ln n)). Future work should find new GA designs that solve this performance loss. As long as these problems have not been solved, the application of GAs will be limited to the optimization of easy-to-optimize functions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Benchmarking the cultivation approach to video game effects: a comparison of the correlates of TV viewing and game play.

This study found significant relationships between first- and second-order cultivation measures and TV viewing, but found a relationship with video game play for only two variables in a sample of 322 Flemish 3rd and 6th year secondary school children. This suggests that the absence of a relationship with video game play is not the result of the absence of cultivation effects in Flanders. On the other hand it shows that the relationship between TV viewing and cultivation measures is not an artifact of systematic over reporting. The study concludes that cultivation measures typical of the "television world" are not related to playing video games. To study video game cultivation measures must be sought which reflect the mainstream of (particular genres of) video games. The role of selectivity needs to be studied more closely. As gamers play an active role in the violence of the games the possibility that self-protecting strategies are employed in processing video game contents must be taken into consideration. Existing process theories explaining what happens in television cultivation may be challenged by research into the cultivation effects of video games.

Belgium↗
PubMed2006

[Benchmark of a high-frequency jet ventilator, the Mistral].

OBJECTIVE: To test a high-frequency jet ventilator, the Mistral (Acutronic Laboratory) on a lung model. METHODS: The jet ventilator Mistral was tested with two connectors (7 and 20 ml) and four catheters. Pressure and flow measurements were performed by varying the driving pressure (1 to 3 bars), the I/T ratio (0.25, 0.35, 0.45) and the frequency (1 to 5 Hz). Recorded data were: the volume delivered by the ventilator, the pressure measured in the connecting line between the ventilator and the injector and the difference between the end expiratory pressure measured by the ventilator through the injector and the tracheal pressure. RESULTS: An increase in driving pressure induced a proportional increase in minute volume whatever the injection catheter used. After insufflation, when a Seldicath catheter was used, the pressure decrease was the slowest and the time constant the longest. Increase in frequency or I/T ratio, particularly beyond 0.35, was associated with an increase of the end expiratory pressure measured by the respirator. The gradient of pressure measured by the respirator and by an external sensor was lower with the 7 ml connector whatever the catheter used, and was larger with the Seldicath catheter. CONCLUSION: The use of a low volume connector should be preferred, because it allows the measurement of the end expiratory pressure for a larger range of driving pressure, expiratory time and catheters. The performances of the Seldicath catheter are below those of the other catheters studied.

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation↗