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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Basophilic degeneration with special reference to its pathophysiological aspects.

Basophilic degeneration was found in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscles in an autopsy case of a 30-year-old woman. She was delivered of a healthy mature infant by cesarean section. Soon after the delivery she became tachycardic and oliguric because of a massive hemorrhage due to ruptures of the uterus and the urinary bladder. Hemorrhagic diathesis gradually became manifest despite the reoperation, and she died 8 days after the delivery. The basophilic deposits were mostly localized in the necrotic cells, and histochemical analysis including enzyme digestion revealed that they were related to abnormal glycogen. Basophilic degeneration may be a specific type of cell injury linked to glycogen metabolism but non-specific to be induced by mild hypoxia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Stimulation of calcium uptake and cyclic GMP synthesis in rat basophilic leukemia cells by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.

The effect of Escherichia coli heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin on calcium and cyclic nucleotide metabolism in rat basophilic leukemia cell cultures was investigated. Addition of ST enterotoxin to rat basophilic leukemia cell cultures resulted in dose- and time-dependent stimulation of calcium uptake and elevation of the intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) concentration. The effect of ST enterotoxin on calcium uptake (P less than 0.02) and cGMP synthesis (P less than 0.02) was demonstrated after 5 and 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, respectively. In further studies ST enterotoxin did not enhance calcium release or the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP. The stimulation of calcium uptake and cGMP synthesis by ST enterotoxin was inhibited by pharmacological and chemical agents which block cellular calcium entry and prostaglandin synthesis. These results demonstrate that ST enterotoxin induces calcium uptake and cGMP synthesis in rat basophilic leukemia cell cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interactions of hemopoietic cytokines on differentiation of HL-60 cells. Nerve growth factor is a basophilic lineage-specific co-factor.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotropic polypeptide which has broad biological activity other than support of growth and survival of sympathetic, sensory and central neurons. NGF promotes rat mast cell hyperplasia in vivo and human granulopoiesis in vitro, selectively augmenting basophil/mast cell differentiation in the presence of T cells or conditioned medium derived from a human T cell line (Mo-CM), a source of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). NGF also synergizes with GM-CSF to promote human basophil/mast cell differentiation in both methylcellulose and suspension cultures of myeloid progenitors. In the current studies, we examined the interactions of NGF and several cytokines considered to be involved in human basophil/mast cell and eosinophil growth and differentiation, including interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). NGF synergistically enhanced IL-5 induced dose-dependent increases in histamine content and basophilic cell differentiation of myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells, but was only additive to similar effects of IL-3. In contrast, IL-4 and G-CSF did not promote basophilic differentiation of HL-60 cells in the presence or absence of NGF. Various combinations of GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-3, IL-4 and IL-5 could not reproduce the synergy observed between NGF and either IL-5 or GM-CSF. NGF appears to represent a class of lineage-specific co-factors, in this case being involved in GM-CSF- or IL-5-induced basophilic lineage differentiation, thus contributing to tissue inflammation or repair.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histogenetic stereological reconstruction of rat basophilic, clear, and oncocytic neoplastic renal cell lesions using carbonic anhydrase type II-PAS double-stained sections.

The histogenesis of 3 types of rat renal cell tumors (basophilic cell, clear cell, and oncocytic) was stereologically analyzed, with particular attention paid to transitions from normal tubules. Early nitrosamine-induced preneoplastic lesions, including dysplastic tubules (altered tubules), epithelial hyperplasias, and small adenomas, were reconstructed using serially sectioned specimens processed for carbonic anhydrase type II (CA) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) (CA-PAS) double staining to allow easier distinction of the nephron segments: Proximal tubules had a PAS-positive brush border and were weakly positive for CA in the cytoplasm; distal tubules were PAS negative and weakly positive for CA; collecting ducts were PAS negative and strongly positive for CA. Similarly, cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx) and CytOx-PAS double staining was also applied to confirm the character of oncocytic lesions. All basophilic lesions (7 of 7) showed transition to proximal tubules. Clear cell lesions positive for CA, on the other hand, showed transition to distal tubules in 4 of 9 (44.4%) lesions and to collecting ducts in 4 of 9 (44.4%) lesions, but in only 1 of 9 (11%) to a proximal tubule. All oncocytic lesions (16 of 16), characterized by positivity for both CA and CytOx, showed transition to collecting ducts. The results indicate that the origins of renal cell neoplasia are proximal tubules for the basophilic cell lesions, either proximal or distal tubules for their clear cell counterparts, and collecting ducts for oncocytic lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Control of Allergen-Induced Histamine Secretion by Human Basophils with F(ab) of Anti-IgE Antibodies.

A strategy was developed to obtain univalent F(ab) fragments against IgE, which would interfere with IgE-mediated activation of target cells, but lacked their activity due to cross-linking of IgE bound to Fc(epsilon)-receptors. Two kinds of mouse anti-human IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CH(2) or CH(3) domains induced histamine release from basophils of allergic patients and healthy donors. F(ab')(2) fragments of the mAb (0.01 - 10.0 &mgr;g/ml) possessed the same activity. On the contrary, F(ab) fragments of the mAb did not activate basophils, but in concentrations up to 10.0 &mgr;g/ml they inhibited, both in direct and cross reaction, histamine secretion induced by anti-IgE mAb and their F(ab')(2) fragments. Allergen-induced histamine release from basophils of pollen-sensitive patients was also inhibited by F(ab) fragments of anti-IgE mAb. It was suggested that univalent F(ab) fragments of anti-IgE mAb binding to cell-fixed IgE molecules modified their allergen-induced conformation and, as a result of that, inhibited mediator release from the cells.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

[Biological rhythms of tissue basophils of the dura mater of rats under the effects of noise-vibration].

The biorhythmologic changes of tissue basophils (mast cells) have been investigated of mater rats in frontal, temporal and occipital regions of dura mater during the noise-vibration stress. Local differences were found in biorythmological characteristics of tissue basophils before and after vibration. The investigated regions of dura mater after noise-vibration stress the magnitude of harmonics, mesor and the amplitude of fluctuations increased greatly. But, judging by their values, in the temporal region the rhythm stability was lower than that in the frontal and occipital. The tissue basophils of various regions of dura mater react in a different way to the noise-vibration stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Distribution of 2 histochemically defined varieties of tissue basophils adjacent to mesothelium].

Tissue basophils situating in the connective tissue layer of the human visceral peritoneum have been studied. Their histochemical characteristic depends on the fact, to what tissue structure the serous membrane adjoins. Near mesothelium of the visceral peritoneum, contacting with the muscular tunic, two varieties of tissue basophils are revealed. The cells of the first variety positively react to heparin, those of the second variety--to heparin, protein, to neutral and/or sealo-containing carbohydrate components. Near mesothelium of the serous membrane, adjoining epithelial or connective tissue structures, tissue basophils of the first variety only are situated.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1983

Basophil leukocytes and mast cells in the nose.

The aim of the present study has been to examine the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, and the number, distribution and antigen-reactivity of basophilic cells. Blown nasal secretions, nasal washings, scrapings and excised specimens of nasal mucosa were collected and examined cytologically and histologically in both light and electron microscopes. Antigen-induced histamine release was also studied in these specimens. The results indicate that migration of basophilic cells (mainly basophil leukocytes in the nasal secretion and predominantly mast cells in the epithelium) to the mucosal surface is characteristic for allergy and that the total number and the histamine content of these cells are sufficient to produce the nasal manifestation of allergy. In conclusion, this study provides evidence supporting our concept of the mechanism of nasal allergy, i.e., that allergic reaction to inhaled allergens is initiated on the mucosal surface, and not in the lamina propria.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of an experimental staphylococcal infection on the morphofunctional characteristics of tissue basophils and mast cells].

In the process of staphylococcal infection in mice an increase in the number and functional activity of peritoneal, mesenterial and dermal basophils occurs. The preliminary activation of tissue basophils with equine serum albumin has favorable influence on the course of the infectious process, enhances the reaction of mast cells and phagocytes on the causative agent. The role played by tissue basophils in anti-infectious protection may be linked with the increased secretion of histamine producing a stimulating effect on the phagocytic mechanism of immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PP1, inhibits both Fc epsilonRI- and Thy-1-mediated activation of rat basophilic leukemia cells.

Cross-linking of the surface receptor with high affinity for IgE (Fc epsilonRI) by multivalent antigen/immunoglobulin E complexes, as well as aggregation of Thy-1 glycoprotein by monoclonal antibodies lead in rat basophilic leukemia cells, clone RBL-2H3, to tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins, followed by a release of secretory components. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of Fc epsilonRI- and Thy-1-mediated transmembrane signaling and to map a step at which they converge into a common secretory pathway, we used a novel Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP1), and analyzed its inhibitory activity on cell activation. Here we show that in RBL-2H3 cells PP1 demonstrates substrate specificity for a Src family kinase Lyn. In immunocomplex kinase assays in vitro, PP1 inhibited the Lyn kinase activity at nanomolar levels without any effect on Syk kinase activity. However, in RBL cells activated via aggregation of Fc epsilonRI, phosphorylation of both Syk and Lyn kinases was inhibited. Fc epsilonRI- and Thy-1-mediated early (protein-tyrosine phosphorylation) and late (release of beta-hexosaminidase) activation events were similarly affected by PP1. The inhibition was specific for membrane receptor-mediated signaling and was not observed in cells activated by an exposure to pervanadate. The combined data suggest that activation of Lyn is the early activation step at which the Fc epsilonRI- and Thy-1-mediated activation pathways of mast cells and basophils may converge.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vancomycin-induced release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells and a rat basophil cell line (RBL-1).

Rapid intravenous administration of the glycopeptide antibiotic, vancomycin, may cause a hypotensive reaction which can usually be prevented by infusing vancomycin in dilute solutions. The release of histamine from circulating cells such as basophils and tissue mast cells has been implicated in hypotensive reactions since the effects can be prevented by antihistamine pretreatment. The direct effects of vancomycin on histamine release were therefore investigated in rat peritoneal mast cells and rat leukemic basophils (RBL-1 cells). Suspension cultures of mast cells or RBL-1 cells were exposed to vancomycin for 30-60 minutes at concentrations comparable to those infused clinically (2.28 or 4.56 mg/ml). Vancomycin induced a time- and dose-dependent release of histamine into the culture media from both cell types. The reference degranulating agent, Compound 48/80 (CP 48/80), was also shown to induce histamine release from mast cells and RBL-1 cells. Mast cells were significantly more sensitive to vancomycin and CP 48/80 than RBL-1 cells and, unlike RBL-1 cells, were responsive to the inhibitory effects of cromolyn sodium on histamine release. Cromolyn sodium did not inhibit vancomycin-induced histamine release in RBL-1 or mast cells. Morphologically, mast cells exposed to either vancomycin or CP 48/80 exhibited dose-related degranulation. On the other hand, treatment-related degranulation effects of either vancomycin or CP 48/80 on RBL-1 cells could not be reliably distinguished from controls by qualitative evaluation. Based upon these findings it is concluded that mast cells may represent a more useful model to evaluate the potential of investigational agents to release histamine and to study mechanisms of histamine release than RBL-1 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Binding of antibody to the gamma subunit of FCepsilonRI in rat basophilic leukemia cells results in morphological changes without inducing histamine release.

The high affinity IgE receptor on mast cells and basophils is composed of 3 subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. A polyclonal antibody was raised in rabbits to a 13 amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino terminal portion of the gamma subunit. The antiserum was screened using Western blots of solubilized RBL-2H3 cells and 125I goat anti-rabbit IgG. After purification of the serum on a protein G column, RBL-2H3 cells, mouse mast cells, and human basophils showed a doublet at 20 000 kDa. When 125I labeled, saponin-permeabilized cells were immunoprecipitated with the anti-gamma antibody, all 3 subunits of the IgE receptor complex coprecipitated. Furthermore, binding of the antibody to the cell surface did not induce histamine release. By immunofluorescence of fixed cells, the receptor was evenly distributed in the RBL-2H3 cells. Although no capping was observed when the cells were incubated with the antibody prior to fixation, the antibody did stimulate endocytosis when it was bound to the cells at 25 degrees C or at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. Binding of the antibody to the RBL-2H3 cells also induced cell spreading and ruffling of the plasma membrane. The results of this study indicate that the gamma subunit of the high affinity IgE receptor may play a role in signal transduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Human neutrophil-derived histamine-releasing activity (HRA-N) causes the release of serotonin but not arachidonic acid metabolites from rat basophilic leukemia cells.

The effects of neutrophil-derived histamine-releasing activity (HRA-N) on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is unknown. Human basophils exposed to HRA-N released 25% of total histamine but no leukotriene C4 (LTC4). To confirm this phenomenon, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells were exposed to HRA-N as well as anti-IgE, or calcium ionophore A23187. RBL cells incubated with A23187 released 44% of available serotonin and 59 and 124 pmol/10(6) cells of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and LTC4, respectively. Anti-IgE stimulation resulted in 34% serotonin release and the generation of 34 pmol PGD2 per 10(6) cells and 72 pmol LTC4 per 10(6) cells. In contrast, HRA-N (2 U/ml) induced 20% serotonin release, 4 pmol PGD2 per 10(6) cells, and 0.6 pmol LTC4 per 10(6) cells. Neither increasing the dose nor the incubation time of HRA-N enhanced the generation of AA metabolite. Additionally, the spectrum of AA metabolites generated by RBL cells in response to those agents was examined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RBL cells stimulated with A23187 released PGD2, LTB4, and its isomers, LTC4, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. In contrast, HRA-N stimulation resulted in only minimal PGD2 generation and no other discernable AA metabolites. Thus, HRA-N causes selective release of serotonin without inducing AA metabolites. These data suggest that HRA-N activates mast cells through a unique pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Chronic basophilic leukemia: a distinct clinico-pathologic entity?

OBJECTIVE: We sought to better define a group of rare and poorly understood myeloproliferative disorders that are characterized by prominent chronic basophilia in the absence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) or its molecular equivalent. METHODS: We screened our institution's electronic database from 1975 onwards, and identified four such cases. Clinical data and bone marrow pathology were carefully reviewed for these patients. RESULTS: Two patients had prominent manifestations of basophil mediator-release and another presented with pituitary dysfunction. Bone marrow examination uniformly revealed trilineage hyperplasia with basophilia and eosinophilia, dysplastic megakaryocytic hyperplasia, and the absence of megakaryocyte clustering. An abnormal pattern of atypical mast cells was noted in two cases. While disease palliation was effectively achieved with hydroxyurea for one patient, transformation to acute myeloid leukemia was eventually observed in this case. Another patient has achieved long-term disease-free survival after undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations reveal a striking pathologic similarity among all four cases, and suggest this disease, which may be aggressive with the potential to transform into acute leukemia, to possibly represent a distinct clinico-pathologic entity (chronic basophilic leukemia).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Acute basophilic leukaemia: eight unsuspected new cases diagnosed by electron microscopy.

We report eight new patients with de novo acute basophilic leukaemia (ABL) diagnosed by electron microscopy (EM) in 184 patients with poorly differentiated AML who were selected for ultrastructural analysis between the years 1989 and 2002. Morphology by light microscopy, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics did not enable an accurate diagnosis in any of these patients. In almost all the patients, the blasts showed reactivity for HLA-DR and CD34. EM studies demonstrated the presence of basophilic granules in the leukaemic blasts. These granules were membrane bound and their contents varied in appearance from uniformly electron dense to partially speckled or electron lucent. Theta granules were present in only three patients and no mast-cell type granules were observed. By light microscopy, the myeloperoxidase reaction was positive in three patients in an unusual coarse granular pattern. Ultrastructural demonstration of peroxidase in the granules, nuclear membrane and profiles of endoplasmic reticulum was observed in all eight patients. The reaction in the granules showed a particular speckled pattern. The outcome was unfavourable in six of our eight patients. As a definitive diagnosis of ABL may be made only by EM, we suggest including such studies as an integral part of the diagnostic work-up of acute leukaemia cases that lack differentiation markers.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Protein tyrosine kinase p53/p56(lyn) forms complexes with gamma-tubulin in rat basophilic leukemia cells.

The aggregation of receptors with high affinity for IgE (FcepsilonRI) on the surface of mast cells and basophils initiates a chain of biochemical events culminating in the release of allergy mediators. Although microtubules have been implicated in the activation process, the molecular mechanism of their interactions with signal transduction molecules is poorly understood. Here we show that in rat basophilic leukemia cells large amounts of alphabeta-tubulin dimers ( approximately 70%) and gamma-tubulin ( approximately 85%) are found in a soluble pool which was released from the cells after permeabilization with saponin, or extraction with non-ionic detergents. Soluble tubulins were found in large complexes with other molecules. Complexes of soluble gamma-tubulin released from activated cells contained tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins of relative mol. wt approximately 25, 50, 53, 56, 60, 75, 80, 97, 115 and 200 kDa. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, i.e. around centrosomes, was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. In vitro kinase assays revealed increased tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in gamma-tubulin complexes isolated from activated cells. Two of the tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in these complexes were identified as the p53/56(lyn) kinase. Furthermore, gamma-tubulin bound to the N-terminal fragment of recombinant Lyn kinase and its binding was slightly enhanced in activated cells. Pretreatment of the cells with Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PP1, decreased the amount of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in gamma-tubulin complexes, as well as the amount of gamma-tubulin in Lyn kinase immunocomplexes. The combined data suggest that gamma-tubulin is involved in early stages of mast cell activation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The diagnostic interpretation of basophil activation test in immediate allergic reactions to betalactams.

BACKGROUND: Basophil activation by allergens, including drugs, has been used to determine sensitivity and to study IgE recognition and cross-reactivity. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a basophil activation test (Basotest) in patients with immediate allergic reactions to betalactams, with a later comparison between patients who were selective (those recognizing the culprit drug excluding benzylpenicillin (BP)) and cross-reactors (those recognizing several penicillin determinants including BP). METHODS: Basotest to different haptens was performed in 70 patients with immediate allergic reactions to betalactams, classified into three groups: (A) skin test positive independently of CAP/RAST immunoassay value, (B) skin test negative and CAP/RAST positive, and (C) skin test and CAP/RAST negative but drug provocation test positive. Basotest was carried out by flow cytometry following the manufacturer's instructions using different betalactam determinants and results expressed as a stimulation index. RESULTS: Of the 70 patients, 34 (48.6%) were positive to Basotest (sensitivity: 48.6%), 31 (44.3%) to CAP/RAST and 46 (65.7%) to either one or the other. Considering the different groups, Basotest was positive in 50.9% of patients in Group A, 60% in Group B and 14.3% in Group C. The specificity was 91.3%. Positivity to the haptens was 28.6% to amoxicillin (AX), 21.7% to BP, 20% to benzylpenicilloyl-poly-l-lysine, 12.5% to ampicillin and 2.2% to minor determinant mixture. In patients with cephalosporin reactions, Basotest to the culprit cephalosporin was positive in 77.7%. There were differences between the two reactor groups in the sensitivity of Basotest (selective to AX=50%, cross-reactors=28.6%; chi(2)=10.809, P=0.004) and in the CAP/RAST (selective to AX=28.6%, cross-reactors=61.9%; chi(2)=8.944, P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of Basotest is similar to immunoassays (CAP/RAST). Sensitivity is improved when used in combination. Although further studies are required, Basotest results for cephalosporin allergy seem very promising. This technique does not help differentiate between selective reactors and cross-reactors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Expression of the alpha chain of human Fc epsilon RI in transfected rat basophilic leukemia cells: functional activation after sensitization with human mite-specific IgE.

The actual dilemma in studying the binding and triggering capacity of IgE from allergic patients is the lack of cultured basophils or mast cell analogs of human origin. Human IgE binds with exquisite species specificity to the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) expressed on the surface of these cells. In rodents this receptor has been characterized as a tetrameric plasma membrane protein composed of an IgE-binding alpha chain, a beta chain and two disulfide-linked gamma chains. In order to establish a cell line expressing the alpha chain of human Fc epsilon RI which can be triggered with IgE from human patients and specific allergen, we transfected the cDNA coding for the human alpha subunit into rat basophilic leukemia cells. The resulting transfectants express the human alpha chain on the cell surface in the form of a hybrid complex associated with endogenous rat gamma chains. After sensitization with human IgE from mite-specific patients, the transfectant produces a calcium response upon incubation with allergen. The established cell line can be used as a model system to study the mechanism of mast cell triggering through IgE from allergic patients.

Allergens↗