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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The production of monoclonal antibody to androstenedione and the effect of passive immunization on Xinjiang fine-wool sheep with it.

Five hybridomas stably secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to androstenedione were prepared by using artificially synthesized androstenedion-11 alpha-succinyl conjugate with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigen. These McAbs showed slightly high cross-reactivity with testosterone (8.1-12.3%) and estrone (0.8-2.5%) and high affinities ranging from 2.0 x 10(7) to 2.8 x 10(8) L/M. They were all of the IgG1 subclass. Xinjiang finewool ewes which were passively immunized with McAbs had higher circulating levels of progesterone (P) and luteinizing hormone (LH) than those of control ewes in two oestrous cycles and these changes led to increased ovulation rate and twin lambs born in young ewes.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed2000

Production responses of two genetic different types of Merino sheep subjected to different nutritional levels.

The primary selection objective in the South African Mutton Merino is meat production, while wool plays a secondary role. The Merino, on the other hand is selected for wool production. Respectively 20 and 23 of each genetic different type of ewes were used in a 15-week indoor study to quantify the influence of nutrient intake on certain production traits when fed at different levels of their respective requirements during late pregnancy (last 6 weeks) and lactation (first 6 weeks). Results were used to provide production parameters for the two types of ewes and their lambs at different levels of nutrition. Lambing percentage (per ewe lambed) of SA Mutton Merino ewes was 171% compared to 135% for Merino ewes. Live weight gains for meat-wool and wool-type ewes during late pregnancy amounted to 15.9 and 21.9%, with corresponding live weight losses of -8.3 and -1.1% during the first 6 weeks of lactation. Greasy wool production during the last 9 weeks of pregnancy and the first 6 weeks of lactation amounted to 1.57kgewe(-1) (meat-wool type ewes) and 2.84kgewe(-1) (wool-type ewes). Milk production 17 days post partum was 2.33kg/day and 1.84kg/day for the two types of sheep. Lambs of the meat-wool type ewes had a mean birth weight of 4.1kg and an average daily gain (ADG) of 270g/day to 42 days of age. Lambs of the wool-type ewes had a mean birth weight of 4.9kg and a 42-day ADG of 192g/day. There were clear differences in production traits of the two types of Merino sheep, which were in accordance with their genetic differences. The study gave practical production norms for meat-wool and wool-type Merino ewes and their lambs when subjected to different nutritional levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

[The developmental patterns of GH-R, IGF-1 and IGF-IR gene expression in sheep skin].

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to investigate the developmental patterns of GH-R, IGF-1 and IGF-IR mRNA expression in skin of two sheep breeds. One breed was the first filial generation (F1) of Romilly Hillys x Merino of China (Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation line) wool sheep, and the other was Kazak hair sheep. 18S rRNA was used as the internal standard. Sheep were weighed and wool and skin samples were collected at different times. Results showed that body weight increased rapidly during 30-135 days but slowed during 135-255 days. Wool growth increased gradually during 30-135 days, degreased till 180 days of age, but rebounded thereafter. Overall, body weight and developmental patterns of wool growth was not significant different between hair and wool sheep. GH-R mRNA expression in the skin of hair sheep increased significantly during 30-90 days, peaked at 90 days of age (P<0.05), then declined signifi cantly (P<0.05). GH-R mRNA expression in the skin of wool sheep increased significantly until 135 days of age (P<0.01) and then decreased significantly (P<0.01). The peak level was higher in the wool sheep than the hair sheep. The expression of cantly IGF-1 mRNA and IGF-IR mRNA in the skin of hair sheep increased during 30-90 days, then declined significantly (P<0.01). The expression of IGF-1 mRNA and IGF-IR mRNA in the skin of wool sheep were high at birth and then reduced gradually. The IGF-1 mRNA expression in the skin of hair sheep reached its peak at 90 days of age, and was significant higher than that of wool sheep. The expression of GH-R, IGF-1 and IGF-IR mRNA in skin of hair sheep was higher than that of wool sheep before 90 days of age, but was lower after that. The results suggest that GH-R, IGF-1 and IGF-IR mRNA expression in the skin of sheep follows specific developmental patterns, and different patterns exist between the two breeds.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of asbestos and man-made vitreous fibers on cell division in cultured human mesothelial cells in comparison to rodent cells.

We report the effects of chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos, and glass and rock wool fibers (man-made vitreous fibers, MMVF) on the induction of binucleate cells in vitro. The response of human mesothelial cells (target cells in fiber carcinogenesis) and rodent cells was compared. Human primary mesothelial cells, MeT-5A cells (an immortalized human mesothelial cell line), and rat liver epithelial (RLE) cells were exposed to asbestos and MMVF samples of similar size range. Milled glass wool, milled rock wool, and titanium dioxide were used as non-fibrous particle controls. All four fiber types caused statistically significant increases in the amount of binucleate cells in human primary mesothelial cells and MeT-5A cells (in the dose range 0.5-5.0 micrograms/cm2). Chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos were more effective (1.3-3.0-fold increases) than thin glass wool and thin rock wool fibers (1.3-2.2-fold increases). However, when the fiber doses were expressed as the number of fibers per culture area, the asbestos and MMVF appeared equally effective in human mesothelial cells. In RLE cells, chrysotile was the most potent inducer of binucleation (2.9-5.0-fold increases), but the response of the RLE cells to crocidolite, thin glass wool, and thin rock wool fibers was similar to the response of the human mesothelial cells. No statistically significant increases in the number of bi- or multinucleate cells were observed in human primary mesothelial cells or RLE cells exposed to the non-fibrous dusts. In MeT-5A cells exposed to 5 micrograms/cm2 of milled glass wool and milled rock wool, as well as in cultures exposed to 2 and 5 micrograms/cm2 of TiO2, significant increases were, however, observed. Our results show that rodent cells respond differently to mineral fibers than human cells. The results also add evidence to the suggested importance of disturbed cell division in fiber carcinogenesis.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1997

Hair sheep genetic resources and their contribution to diversified small ruminant production in the United States.

Two Caribbean hair sheep breeds, the St. Croix (SC) and Barbados Blackbelly (BB), are found in the United States, and the SC has led to the development of the Katahdin (K), a synthetic breed of hair sheep. These breeds have mature ewe BW ranging from 32 to 54 kg (for BB and SC) and from 55 to 73 kg (K). Hair sheep and hair sheep crosses have lower rectal temperatures and respiration rates than wool breeds and a lower DMI and water intake. There are indications of increased resistance to internal parasites in hair sheep. Although hair sheep are seasonal breeders under U.S. photoperiodic conditions, they tend to perform better under accelerated lambing systems than traditional wool breeds. Fertility, prolificacy, and lamb survival is high in BB and SC, but hair x wool crossbred ewes tend to have a higher level of fertility than hair and wool parent breeds. Ewe productivity is also higher in hair x wool crosses than in wool crosses, particularly when adjusted for ewe BW or under accelerated lambing systems. Hair sheep have a lower ADG and intake of high-energy diets, as well as a lower gain/feed ratio, than wool breeds. Growth rates tend to be higher in SC than in BB. Differences in carcass characteristics are inconsistent between hair and wool breeds. Production characteristics of hair sheep, particularly hair x wool crosses, make them suitable for low-input, sustainable production systems that do not require high growth rates and large carcasses. There is a need to preserve the existing U.S. hair sheep germplasm base in support of such systems.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Occupational irritant contact dermatitis from synthetic mineral fibres according to Finnish statistics.

Synthetic mineral fibres (i.e. man-made vitreous fibres, MMVF) are classified into glass filament, mineral wool (glass wool, rock wool and slag wool), refractory ceramic fibres, and fibres for special purposes. This paper analyses the data on occupational irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) caused by MMVF during 1990-99 in Finland according to the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD). A total of 63 cases from MMVF were reported. 56 were diagnosed as ICD, and 2 as allergic contact dermatitis, both from rock wool. 53 out of 63 cases were due to mineral wool or glass filaments; half of the cases, according to a rough estimate, were due to mineral wool and a half due to glass filaments used in lamination work. Carpenters, building workers and insulation workers have the highest risk of ICD from mineral wool. 4 cases in carpenters, 4 in building workers and 2 in insulation workers were reported from MMVF. For every 100 000 employed workers, only 1.6 cases of ICD in carpenters, 2.7 in building workers and 9.1 in insulation workers were annually due to MMVF, respectively. Mineral wool used in construction work, insulation, etc., cannot be considered to be a common cause of occupationally induced ICD. However, information on harmful skin effects of MMVF is useful to exposed persons in the prevention of the effects.

Calcium Compounds↗