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Sudden unconsciousness during local anesthesia.

This case demonstrates the necessity of adequate emergency management during dental treatment. A 57-year-old man loses consciousness immediately after the injection of a dental local anesthetic. For medical assistance, a neighboring general practitioner is first telephoned without success. After approximately 15 minutes, an ambulance is telephoned, but the caller gave no indication of the situation being life threatening. Finally, an emergency doctor is dispatched and arrives approximately 35 minutes after the emergency situation began. The electrocardiogram shows a supraventricular tachycardia which, after an immediate cardioversion, converts to a sinus rhythm connected with a restoration of the circulatory function. This case exemplifies the consequences of an inadequate response to a sudden emergency.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

[Transmission of trauma: unconscious fantasy and activation by external reality, with special reference to the Holocaust].

Herzog sees trauma as the incursion of certain kinds of hyper- and hypo-stimulation on the child or adult, interrupting the capacity for play (play as the creative acquisition of reality) and occasioning a change in the mode of play. The upshot is interactive acting-out in the relationship, in which the pre-programmed participation of the partner is essential. The author draws upon the case history of a man of the "second generation" to demonstrate how failure on the part of the parents to work through a trauma of their own meant that it was passed on to the son and his relationship to his wife. The return of the parents' trauma manifested itself most clearly in the necessity felt by the son to organise his own sexuality in a particular way.

Adult↗

The analysis of 'associating', 'interpreting' and 'words': use of this analysis to bring unconscious fantasies into the present and to achieve greater ego integration.

In this paper first presented in 1953 and now translated into English for the first time, the author gives an account of the phenomena that occur when the meaning of 'associating', 'interpreting' and 'words' is investigated. Her presentation is modelled on the manner of appearance and understanding of these phenomena. Because interpretation of a new aspect has always preceded its intellectual understanding, frequent repetitions will be observed, and one theme is sometimes adumbrated within another and developed more fully later. For all its drawbacks, such an exposition has the advantage of coming closest to reality. A schematisation would be premature and tend to conceal any errors, thus impeding subsequent understanding of the phenomena concerned. The author discusses the phenomena in their order of appearance. Although the order was the same in every case, she does not rule out the possibility that this might be because of her personal approach. The bibliography lists works that stimulated her interest and were particularly useful in the understanding and formulation of her work.

Argentina↗

[Comparative data of tilt test with or without isoproterenol in investigation of unexplained unconsciousness and syncope].

The tilt test is a widely used diagnostic tool for the investigation of syncope of suspected vasovagal origin. Some workers suggest that the sensitivity should be increased at the price of the loss of some specificity. Passive (non-sensitised) or isoproterenol (sensitised) protocols have not been widely studied on a large scale. The authors report the respective results of two protocols (passive and sensitised with isoproterenol proposed by Benditt et al.) applied to the same subject at 24 hours' interval in a random order in a series of 108 patients (age 56 +/- 19.3 years, 72 men) with unexplained syncope or malaise. After 30 minutes in decubitus, an 80 degrees tilt was maintained for 45 minutes for the passive test and for 25 minutes for the sensitised test, followed by a continuous infusion of isoproterenol in 10 minutes intervals of decubitus and inclination at successive doses of 1.3 and 5 micrograms/min. One or both tests were positive in 62 patients (57.4%). The overall concordance of the two tests (both positive or both negative) was 53.7%. In a subgroup of 60 subjects with clinically suggestive vasovagal attacks, the sensitivity of the passive test was 25% compared with 73.3% with the isoproterenol test (p < 0.001). Based on this difference of sensitivity between the two protocols, and knowing the good specificity of the isoproterenol test, the authors recommended the isoproterenol test as being of great practical value.

Adolescent↗