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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[A case of huge diploic epidermoid of the temporal bone with intratumoral hemorrhage].

A case of huge diploic epidermoid which occurred in the right temporal bone and occupied almost all of the middle fossa and a part of the posterior fossa. CT of the tumor showed a low density lesion with multiform isodensity spots and a rim enhancement by CECT. Histologically, multiple old blood clots were recognized in this tumor contents. A review of the literature was made as regards CT findings of diploic epidermoid.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal bone histopathologic findings in congenital anomalies of the oval window.

The histopathologic findings in five temporal bones from three cases showing various stages of oval window development arrest are presented. The anomalies ranged from complete absence of the oval window to congenital cartilaginous fixation of the stapedial footplate. Surgical approaches fro establishment of a new oval window must take into consideration the frequent association of facial nerve anomalies with anomalies of the oval window.

Ear, Inner↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High resolution computed tomography in evaluation of the temporal bone.

High resolution computed tomography has completely replaced conventional multidirectional tomography in the evaluation of the temporal bone. Unprecedented detail is now available for evaluation of both middle ear and inner ear structures. A sampling of our experience in the evaluation of tubotympanic disease, otosclerosis, trauma, neoplastic disease, and congenital abnormalities is included in this publication. The state of the art in evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss is also illustrated.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1990

The temporal bone: magnetic resonance imaging.

MRI has made a remarkable impact upon diagnostic evaluation of the temporal bone and its diseases. Although high resolution CT is preferable for study of common maladies of the middle ear and optic capsule, MRI is currently the study of choice for evaluation of the internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine angle, and brainstem. MRI is also very useful in evaluations of complications of chronic otitis media. This manuscript is divided into sections on inflammatory disease, internal auditory canal/cerebellopontine angle, vascular compartments, facial nerve, and trauma. In addition, several miscellaneous entities are discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Hemangiopericytoma of the temporal bone presenting as a retroauricular mass.

An unusual case of a hemangiopericytoma arising from the temporal bone is presented. The patient was noted to have a postauricular mass and was neurologically asymptomatic. A preoperative magnetic resonance image and an angiogram revealed the tumor to be highly vascular. Preoperative embolization facilitated the surgical removal of the tumor by rendering it avascular. Current therapy consists of radical resection of the tumor with postoperative radiation therapy. Patients must be monitored carefully for local recurrence and systemic metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Giant cell tumor and temporal bone.

Giant cell tumor is a tumor consisting of osteoclastic multinucleated giant cells surrounded by mononuclear round, oval cells. This tumor rarely occur in the skull base, usually originating in the sphenoid bone. This report describes a case of giant cell tumor of temporal bone and lateral skull base with diagnosis and therapeutic options.

Giant Cell Tumors↗
PubMed1989

Meniere's syndrome and endolymphatic hydrops. Double-blind temporal bone study.

A systematic double-blind assessment of case histories and histopathologic findings in temporal bones in the collection at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary was performed to test the hypothesis that clinical Meniere's syndrome is associated with endolymphatic hydrops demonstrated histopathologically at death. Thirteen of 13 cases of clinical Meniere's syndrome were found to have endolymphatic hydrops not attributable to other causes. However, some patients with idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops did not exhibit clinical Meniere's syndrome as revealed in their medical records. These results challenge the dogma that endolymphatic hydrops per se generates the symptoms of Meniere's syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone. Diagnosis and treatment of 13 cases and review of the literature.

Chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone is a rare lesion. Clinically it has been confused with multiple sclerosis, glomus jugulare tumors, meningioma, and chordomas. The cranial nerve palsies frequently observed with the tumors are related to the anatomic locations of the tumors. Thirteen patients with this entity are presented and the eleven other cases in the literature are reviewed. Histologically the tumors are low grade and exhibit myxoid features. The myxoid features must be differentiated from chordoma and chondroid chordoma. The tumor locations preclude surgical excision and conventional radiation therapy can cause unacceptable neurologic sequelae. Proton beam therapy has been effective in short-term results and appears capable of avoiding serious neurologic side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Blood distribution in the facial nerve in temporal bones acquired from cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The objectives of this study, conducted in eight temporal bones from five autopsied cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, were to delineate the communication between the cerebrospinal fluid space and each space of the epineurium, perineurium, and area surrounding the nerve fibers in the facial nerve and to identify the site of hypertonic diuretic solution infusion most likely to decrease the facial nerve swelling at the initial stage of facial palsy. In all eight specimens, blood cells had directly entered into each space from the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve. The subarachnoid space extended to the first genu of the nerve. The genu, which is the site of the initial lesion in Bell's palsy, is concluded to be the most effective site of intracanal decompression of the facial nerve with hypertonic diuretic solution.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The blood supply of the facial nerve in the human temporal bone.

The gross blood supply and intrinsic vascular anatomy of the facial nerve in the temporal bone are described, and their significance is discussed. At the vertical part of the facial nerve, the stylomastoid artery lies on its anteromedial side as far as the upper third of the nerve. The artery then loops around the lateral or medial side of the nerve, and divides into several branches. At the convex aspect of the genu, these branches anastomose with one another to form an arterial network, passing to the horizontal part. The petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery reaches the geniculate ganglion and forms a profuse, fine arterial network. The main arterial trunk extends toward the second bend in the nerve, but it never reaches the vertical part. Studies on the draining veins are also described. Duplication of blood vessels from different sources was seen at the horizontal part of the nerve. This would suggest a special vulnerability of this area to vascular injury, since in our topographical study of Bell's palsy within two weeks of its onset, 72 out of 117 cases (61.5%) were found to have suprastapedial lesions.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal bone histopathological findings in trisomy 13 syndrome.

This study reports the histopathological findings of 14 temporal bones from infants with trisomy 13 syndrome. The most primitive anomalies in the structures of the inner and middle ears in the present series are those of the semicircular canals, particularly of the horizontal canals: flattened horizontal canal cristae, absence or opening of the utricular endolymphatic valve, small facial nerve, and obtuse angle of the geniculate area of the facial nerve. Each ear demonstrated more than one of those anomalies. The anomalies present features similar to those found in the structures of the normal six to ten-week fetus. Many other mild anomalies observed appear to demonstrate features similar to those seen in the same structures in later fetal life. Reviewing these findings, most of the anomalies that were found in the inner and middle ears appear to be the result of poor development of the structures for reasons which are now unclear. In addition, middle ear infection was found in all cases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

[High-resolution computed tomography evaluation of congenital anomalies of the temporal bone].

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was used to study 23 patients with congenital temporal bone deformities. One patient had an inner ear abnormality and 3 patients were combined together with inner, middle and external ear malformations. Embryological development of the outer and middle ears is linked. Development of the inner ear occurs independently. These abnormalities included vestibule dilatation in 2 patients, a lateral semicircular canal defect in 1 case, dilatation of lateral and superior semicircular canals in 1 patient, only dilatation of the lateral semicircular canal in 1 case, oval-window non-development in 3 cases, oval aqueduct dilatation in 1 patient and inner ear abnormalities in 1 case. The study also included 17 cases of unilateral external auditory canal atresia, 5 cases of bilateral atresia, and 1 normal external auditory canal. There were 8 cases of unilateral and 2 cases of bilateral bony atresia. There were 9 unilateral and 1 bilateral cases of membranous atresia. Two cases had bony atresia on one side, with contralateral membranous atresia on the other. Nine unilateral and 2 bilateral cases were positioned superiorly and posteriorly of the mandibular condyle. Thick atresic plate were found in 10 unilateral and 2 bilateral cases. Small tympanic cavities were found in 12 unilateral and 2 bilateral patients; 7 unilateral and 2 bilateral cases had acellular and hypoplastic mastoids. Ossicular deformities were seen in 14 unilateral and 2 bilateral patients. One patient had no ossicle. Anteriorly located descending facial nerve canal was noted in 9 unilateral and 2 bilateral cases. Congenital cholesteatoma was identified in 2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Aminoglycoside ototoxicity: a human temporal bone study.

OBJECTIVE: Hearing loss after aminoglycoside administration has been thought to result primarily from hair cell injury. The purpose of the study was to determine the potential for direct injury of spiral ganglion cells and hair cells in cases of documented human aminoglycoside ototoxicity. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. METHODS: The clinical course of two individuals with aminoglycoside ototoxicity are documented, including the details of administration of tobramycin and other ototoxic medication and serial audiograms. The temporal bones were processed, and the cochlear elements quantified. RESULTS: Histopathological study of the temporal bones from the individuals in the study demonstrated reduction of both ganglion cell and hair cell populations. Spiral ganglion cell loss was not necessarily subadjacent to areas of hair cell loss in cases of aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Instead, spiral ganglion cell reduction may be present in segments of the cochlea with normal-appearing hair cells. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that aminoglycoside antibiotics can injure spiral ganglion cells directly, as well as hair cells. Thus, the characteristic hearing loss of ototoxicity can result from degeneration of either cochlear element.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Desmoplastic fibroma of the temporal bone.

BACKGROUND: Desmoplastic fibroma is a benign, locally aggressive, intraosseous neoplasm with a propensity for local recurrence. Desmoplastic fibroma most commonly originates within the mandible (70% of cases), and long bones with rare lesions reported in the maxillary, frontal, and parietal bones. We report two patients with desmoplastic fibroma arising within the temporal bone. STUDY DESIGN: Case report and literature review. PATIENTS: Two patients with desmoplastic fibroma with intracranial and extra cranial growth patterns are presented. Both were young females with aural fullness and decreased hearing. INTERVENTIONS: Diagnostic and therapeutic. RESULTS: Both tumors were surgically extirpated and the patients have remained disease free for 18-48 months. Neither tumor expressed estrogen or progesterone receptors. CONCLUSION: Desmoplastic fibroma is a highly invasive local destructive lesion which is best treated by nondestructive surgical intervention. Immunohistochemical analysis may demonstrate hormonal receptors, in which case Tamoxifen may reduce recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tissue reaction to prosthetic materials in human temporal bones.

We studied tissue reaction to polymeric silicone (Silastic), polyethylene, tantalum wire, and polytetrafluorethylene (Teflon) in temporal bones and to Silastic in removed shunt tubes. A purpose of this study was to determine which synthetic material is best for insulation of cochlear implant electrodes. We found fibrous tissue around all shunt tubes and in all bones, giant cells in some specimens, and lymphocytic infiltration in a few. We consider none of these findings to indicate bioincompatibility, except in one case with a presumed idiosyncratic reaction to Silastic. We conclude that all four materials are well tolerated by the human ear. Our finding that Silastic is well tolerated for long periods of time leads us to conclude that it is good choice for insulation for implanted wires.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1998

[Glomus tumor of the temporal bone].

A case story describing the typical symptoms and course of a glomus tumour of the temporal bone is presented. The most frequent symptoms are pulsatile tinnitus, unilateral hearing loss, aural fullness and paresis of the vagal nerve or other lower cranial nerves. The tumour is frequently visible by otoscopy. Despite being histologically benign, the tumour is infiltrative and may affect the surrounding cranial nerves or spread into the cranial cavity. The early signs and findings are vague. Since the sequelae are fewer when the tumour is treated while it is small, an increased awareness will be of benefit to the patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Congenital cholesteatoma of the temporal bone. (A report on 5 cases) (author's transl)].

The authors report 5 cases of congenital cholesteatoma of the temporal bone where the diagnosis was made earlier in each successive case. The first diagnosis was made on the basis of a total paralysis of the facial nerve, the last was made on the basis of a transitory paralysis of the facial nerve associated in the majority of cases with deafness or reduced hearing. Early removal preserves fonction of the VII and VIIIth nerve and is the justification for a systematic X-ray in the Stenver's incidences to be carried out in any facial weakness even if it is transitory. The surgical approach of choice is the middle fossa approach. There is no drainage necessary because these cholesteatomas are not infected.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Middle ear cavity and ear canal pressure-driven stapes velocity responses in human cadaveric temporal bones.

Drive pressure to stapes velocity (V(st)) transfer function measurements are collected and compared for human cadaveric temporal bones with the drive pressure alternately on the ear canal (EC) and middle ear cavity (MEC) sides of the tympanic membrane (TM), in order to predict the performance of proposed middle-ear implantable acoustic hearing aids, as well as provide additional data for examining human middle ear mechanics. The chief finding is that, in terms of the V(st) response, MEC stimulation performs at least as well as EC stimulation below 8 kHz, provided that the EC is unplugged. Plugging the EC causes a reduced response for MEC drive below 2 kHz, due to a corresponding reduction of the pressure difference between the two sides of the TM. Between 8 and 11 kHz, the MEC drive transfer functions feature an approximately 17 dB drop in magnitude below the EC drive case, the cause of which remains unknown. The EC drive transfer functions reported here feature significantly less magnitude roll-off above 1 kHz than previous studies [with a slope of -2.3 vs -6.7 dB/octave for Aibara et al., Hear. Res. 152, 100-109 (2001)], and significantly more phase group delay (134 vs 62 micros for Aibara et al.).

Artifacts↗