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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Behavioral and psychosocial cancer research. Building on the past, preparing for the future.

This report identifies five general conclusions that emerged from the Second Workshop on Methodology in Behavioral and Psychosocial Cancer Research. These conclusions address diverse topics, including a focus on areas other than methodology; an emphasis on the transfer of technology and knowledge to applied settings; a recognition of the role of basic behavioral research in answering clinical questions; the need to recognize and strengthen ties between the field of behavioral and psychosocial oncology and the basic behavioral and social science fields from which it emerged; and the importance of additional research on minorities and other special populations. It is suggested that meeting the challenges posed in each of these five areas is critical to continued progress in the field.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

In situ and northern hybridizations. Technical considerations guiding clinical application.

To facilitate the transfer of technology from the research laboratory to the clinical laboratory, pathologists and clinicians must become familiar with the tools of molecular biology. In this report, two such research techniques, in situ and Northern hybridizations, are reviewed. Also, how each may be used and adapted for the good of the patient is considered. Both methods can be applied to clinical material, but both require a good deal of technical expertise. Commercial development of these assays will facilitate their introduction into the clinical laboratory.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1992

Data sharing and evaluation.

Interinstitutional evaluations of molecular markers for the diagnosis and staging of cancer are highly dependent on strict standardization of assays to make clinical comparisons valid. New assays for cancer markers depend on discoveries of biochemical or cellular functions coupled with technologies suitable for making relevant measurements. Transfer of these technologies from the research laboratory to the diagnostic laboratory requires method validation that consists of specific information regarding assay principle, reagents, calibration, sensitivity, assay behavior, specimen requirements, clinical and method correlations, reference range, quality control, proficiency testing, critical steps, and guidelines for interpretation. Fulfillment of all the components of method validation will guarantee the fastest and most accurate implementation of new diagnostic assays in clinical studies and practice.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adipose tissue engineering: the future of breast and soft tissue reconstruction following tumor resection.

Reconstructive surgeons have always been at the forefront of medical technology. The history of reconstructive surgery began with ablative surgery, which was followed by tissue and organ transplantation, leading to contemporary tissue reconstruction. The field of reconstructive surgery is poised at the next stage of its evolution, namely tissue regeneration. The field of tissue engineering has largely defined this evolutionary leap. One active area of investigation is the development of tissue engineering strategies for adipose tissue. Bioengineers, life scientists, and reconstructive surgeons are synergistically coupling expertise in areas such as cell culture technology, tissue transfer, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, computer modeling, and polymer chemistry to regenerate adipose tissue de novo for breast replacement and soft-tissue augmentation following tumor resection. This work presents the current state of the art in adipose tissue engineering, as well the clinically translatable strategies currently under development. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 19:302-311, 2000.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Future prospects for the management of multiple sclerosis.

A comprehensive strategy for the future management of multiple sclerosis will involve limiting the inflammatory process and repairing the damage. Monoclonal antibody therapy offers one means for achieving very rapid and substantial antiinflammatory effects, but the presently available reagents will almost certainly not prove to be definitive. Other candidates in the cascade of events that leads to myelin destruction will need to be considered, including TNF-alpha and other cytokines. But for the large number of individuals who are currently disabled, the more ambitious but realizable approach of glial repair holds the best hope for reversing persistent disabilities, transferring the technology and discoveries of contemporary experimental cellular neurobiology to the clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Biotechnology and bioeconomy in China.

From the review of the achievements and advantages in the development of biotechnology (BT) and bioindustry in China, it is clear that the bioeconomy would provide a tremendous opportunity for China to develop sustainably or even surpass a few developed countries. A long-term vision has been made to guide the research and development and industrialization of BT in China. This review detailed the strategies, targets, priorities, and key technologies in each stage. Furthermore, the reviewers expatiated on the establishment of the favorable policies, the foundation of the professional groups, the establishment of the advanced laboratories or centers, the investment mechanisms, the development and evaluation of biosafety, the encouragement and support for the international collaborations and exchanges, and the establishment of the general organizational structure.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2007

Influence of bioreactor scale and complex medium on probing control of glucose feeding in cultivations of recombinant strains of Escherichia coli.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of a feedback glucose control strategy (the probing strategy) in production relevant bioreactors with complex and mineral media. Experimental results from fed-batch cultivations with two recombinant Escherichia coli constructs expressing two different human therapeutic proteins were used to assess the performance and limitations of the glucose probing technique. Even though the performance of the probing strategy was affected by scale and complex media, this methodology rapidly identified a glucose feed protocol similar to an experimentally derived feed regime. This methodology may serve as a powerful tool for industrial process development and in optimization of glucose feed regimes when transferring process technology from one bioreactor system to another.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2006

Interlaboratory study of a NACE method for the determination of R-timolol content in S-timolol maleate: assessment of uncertainty.

Analyses of statistical variance were applied to evaluate the precision and practicality of a CD-based NACE assay for R-timolol after enantiomeric separation of R- and S-timolol. Data were collected in an interlaboratory study by 11 participating laboratories located in Europe and North America. General qualitative method performance was examined using suitability descriptors (i.e. resolution, selectivity, migration times and S/N), while precision was determined by quantification of variances in the determination of R-timolol at four different impurity levels in S-timolol maleate samples. The interlaboratory trials were designed in accordance with the ISO guideline 5725-2. This allowed estimating for each sample, the different variances, i.e. between-laboratory (s2(Laboratories)), between-day (s2(Days)) and between-replicate (s2(Replicates)). The variances of repeatability (s2r) and reproducibility (s2R) were then calculated. The estimated uncertainty, derived from the precision estimates, seems to be concentration-dependent above a given threshold. This example of R-timolol illustrates how a laboratory can evaluate uncertainty in general.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2005

The importance of translational research in brain injury.

Progress in the understanding of the pathophysiologic process and management of brain injury provides a unique challenge to the young investigator. Currently, there are teams both in the laboratory and clinical settings which may or may not interact as a result of the depth and breadth of the problems before them. For example, laboratory teams may be focused on cellular or molecular mechanisms of injury while the clinical investigator is attempting to deal with refractory ICP and it's treatment. It is clear that many aspects of biological research must indeed be approached using molecular techniques of neuroscience and much has been learned. However, the translational aspect of this effort may be elusive as it is unclear at present how these molecular techniques translate into the intensive care unit and the patient. For many, the research paths taken in the laboratory and ICU will always remain independent. For those who desire a more direct pathway to treatment, the "bench to bedside" approach is one which is more likely to yield results. Several examples will be given to strengthen the notion that we must not abandon the translational aspect of research but to embrace the process if we are to further improve outcome from brain injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Technical application of biological principles in asymmetric catalysis.

The production of enantiopure compounds is becoming increasingly important to the chemical and biotechnological industries. Bioorganic transformations look set to meet this demand due to their inherently regio- and stereoselective natures. In this sense, biosynthesis needs to be viewed as "chemistry by nature". Biological principles that have been optimized over thousands of years experience a new renaissance when used for technical asymmetric catalysis; however, to be able to use them, we need an appropriate technology: reaction engineering. Indeed, various biological principles are already being applied in technical asymmetric synthesis without the scientific community at large being aware of this.

Biology↗
PubMed1985

[The university between general education and professional training].

The harmony of research, general education and professional training, which was an essential element of the classical German university, has been deeply disturbed by the enormous increase of student numbers. We discuss, whether the demands for a transfer of technology and for a training of an elite of specialists can be combined with the task of a helpful education for the majority of our students. As an example for a flexible solution we present the program of summer-schools ("Ferienakademieprogramm") of the Technical University of Munich.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

NASA high performance computing, communications, image processing, and data visualization-potential applications to medicine.

High-speed information processing technologies being developed and applied by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA and Department of Defense mission needs have potential dual-uses in telemedicine and other medical applications. Fiber optic ground networks connected with microwave satellite links allow NASA to communicate with its astronauts in Earth orbit or on the moon, and with its deep space probes billions of miles away. These networks monitor the health of astronauts and or robotic spacecraft. Similar communications technology will also allow patients to communicate with doctors anywhere on Earth. NASA space missions have science as a major objective. Science sensors have become so sophisticated that they can take more data than our scientists can analyze by hand. High performance computers--workstations, supercomputer and massively parallel computers are being used to transform this data into knowledge. This is done using image processing, data visualization and other techniques to present the data--one's and zero's in forms that a human analyst can readily relate to and understand. Medical sensors have also explored in the in data output--witness CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound. This data must be presented in visual form and computers will allow routine combination of many two dimensional MRI images into three dimensional reconstructions of organs that then can be fully examined by physicians. Emerging technologies such as neural networks that are being "trained" to detect craters on planets or incoming missiles amongst decoys can be used to identify microcalcification in mammograms.

Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted↗