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PubMed2001

Study to assess the compensation and skills of medical library professionals relative to information technology professionals.

PURPOSE: The study seeks to determine how medical library professionals performing information-technology (IT) roles are compensated and how their positions are designed compared to information technology staff in their institutions. METHODS: 550 medical library directors in hospital and academic medical libraries were surveyed. The data was then compared to survey data from other compensation studies of the IT industry. RESULTS: There is a gap in compensation between medical library professionals and IT professionals performing similar functions using information technology. Technology-intense library jobs are compensated at higher levels than more traditional jobs. CONCLUSIONS: To compete with IT salaries, managers of medical library professionals will need to be ever more cognizant of the employment practices of IT professionals in nonmedical library disciplines. It is typically in the medical library's best interest to ensure that IT-related jobs, accountabilities, and capabilities of the medical library are known and understood by others, especially in the human resources and information technology staff departments.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Feasibility of waste stabilization pond technology for small municipalities in Colombia.

The selection of any wastewater treatment technology should take into consideration both "software" and "hardware" aspects. There are contrasting opinions regarding the feasibility of waste stabilisation ponds (WSP): some emphasise their advantages while others are concerned with their high land area requirements. As with any technology, WSP are feasible under specific circumstances related to the context where they are to be implemented. In this study data were collected from three regions in Colombia (Nariño, Tolima and Valle del Cauca) in order to assess the feasibility of WSP under real conditions in a tropical country. A feasibility matrix was developed in order to organise and synthesise the information gathered. The results obtained showed that WSP are highly feasible in Tolima and Valle del Cauca due to the fact that these regions have geographical, socio-economic and technical characteristics that enhance the advantages of WSP technology. Nariño has a very mountainous topography along with other local limitations that hinder the application of WSP technology. The cost of land was not found to be a real limitation for the technology, whereas the availability of land is. Finally, the feasibility matrix may be a good planning tool at regional or national levels in order to help decision-making regarding cost-effective wastewater treatment alternatives on the basis of local conditions.

Colombia↗
PubMed2000

Microsensor and microdialysis technology. Advanced techniques in the management of severe head injury.

Neuroscientists continue the search for the "magic bullet" that will prevent the deleterious effects of primary and secondary brain injury. Indirect measurement of the effects of primary and secondary brain injury through the study of ICP- or CPP-directed management, CBF monitoring, Sjo2 monitoring, and TCD monitoring has led to improved care of persons with brain injury. Although the findings from brain injury research using microsensor and microdialysis technology are only preliminary and extensive research is still needed, these technologies have dramatically expanded knowledge about brain injury at the cellular level. Extended neuromonitoring is poised to enter a new and exciting phase because of the growth in knowledge regarding the cellular events associated with brain injury. The recent approval of NeuroTrend by the FDA will further promote this growth. Applications of the technology have already expanded to include uses beyond the management of traumatic brain injury. Microsensor and microdialysis technology is being used intraoperatively to determine "safe" temporary clipping times for aneurysm surgery and is also being used within the critical care setting to improve the monitoring and management of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients who are experiencing vasospasm. The ultimate application of this new technology is to improve long-term outcomes for patients with brain injury through the reduction of secondary brain injury. If that goal is to be accomplished, then it will be important for nurses caring for patients with brain injury to become immersed in this exciting new phase in brain injury monitoring. Nurses must obtain a comprehensive knowledge base of brain injury pathophysiology and how extended neuromonitoring can lead to improved outcomes. Technical proficiency will also be important to ensure that treatment and research conclusions are based on accurate data. Finally and perhaps most importantly, it will be critical for nurses to participate in and develop research studies that explore the impact of interventions, especially nursing care activities, on the injured brain if these exciting new advances are to be translated into tangible benefits for brain-injured patients.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed2001

Window of opportunity for home care nurses: telehealth technologies.

Multiple telehealth technologies are currently available for nurses working in home care and other community settings. Furthermore, the rate at which new electronic technologies, which can promote home care nursing, are introduced continues to increase. This article addresses the need for increased use of information technologies in home care nursing, describes how information technologies are changing the way we give nursing care, provides examples of telehealth nursing in home care, and discusses the future of telehealth technologies in nursing.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2001

The adoption of technology in higher/nursing education.

This is a review article on the adoption of technology in higher education. Higher education in general is looked at. Nursing Education is also higher education and therefore it will not be addressed separately, but mentioned in some instances. The article presents a look into how students and lecturers experience change, as well as barriers they perceive in the integration and adoption of technology. Some suggestions are made to the adoption process as well as the necessity for personnel development in information technology. The role that Information Technology personnel play in the adoption and integration process of technology is also discussed.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2000

Assistive technology: what and how for persons with spinal cord injury.

Assistive Technology (AT) is used to "increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities." (Assistive Technology Act of 1998). This term includes durable medical equipment and rehabilitation technology. More limited definitions of AT sometimes do not consider the broad life areas encountered by people with disabilities. To appropriately assess AT needs, the following questions should be considered: a) what does the patient want to do; b) what are the patient's abilities; and c) what technological features need to be included or provided to enhance the patient's abilities? Each question should be considered in the life areas of home, school, community, and vocation. Agencies and organizations that provide AT information include Assistive Technology Act of 1998 programs in each state and territory, vendors, and local county governments. The overall goal of AT is to help an individual meet independence goals in various life areas affected by disability.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Use and cost of assistive technology the first year after stroke. A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare and evaluate assistive technology given to patients treated in a stroke unit and patients treated in a general medical ward. METHOD: Use and cost of assistive technology was evaluated in a randomized study comprising 249 patients during a 12-month period. RESULT: Acute stroke unit care was associated with a higher prescription of assistive devices during the first 3 months. There was no difference in use and total mean cost per patient of assistive technology during the first year after stroke. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in use or cost of assistive technology during the first year, but a beneficial effect was found on supplementary prescription of assistive devices during the first 3 months. The cost during the first year after stroke was a small fraction of the total costs for care and rehabilitation. It is not expensive for the community to equip these patients and their caregivers with assistive technology, and economic resources should be available to this vulnerable group of elderly patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Economic aspects of introducing new nebulizer technology.

The adoption of new medical technology has been a major factor in the development of today's highly sophisticated health care delivery system. Recently, important breakthroughs in biotechnology have introduced the possibility that certain terminal diseases may soon become a thing of the past. However, these advances have come at a steep price. Total health care spending in the United States is at an all-time high and the rate of increase in annual expenditures is once again in the double-digit neighborhood. It is clear that it will no longer be "business as usual" in health care, especially with regard to the introduction of new technology. New economic realities now require that those advocating the adoption of a new drug, device, or treatment balance their clinical enthusiasm with cost-effectiveness considerations. This is especially important when the cost of a new drug or device is higher than that of existing drugs or devices. Unlike former times, when the decision to adopt new medical technology resided primarily with clinicians, the approval process is now exceedingly more complex and involves many more individuals, some of whom, clinicians and non-clinicians alike, tend to focus more on protecting their budgets than on approving expenditures for new technology. Pharmacoeconomics has emerged to formalize the decision-making process for the adoption of new drugs. Since many of the issues are similar, the basic principles of pharmacoeconomics hold promise for physicians and therapists championing the adoption of new nebulizers. Pharmacoeconomic data, when gathered, reviewed, and presented in a standardized and unbiased manner, can be a valuable tool to help justify the overall cost/benefit advantages of new nebulizer technology.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2002

Information technology can enhance quality in regional health delivery.

OBJECTIVES: a) The use of information technology (IT) based solutions for quality health delivery in regional health information networks and the study of the enabling factors for their use in a regional health care network from key classes of users such as the medical personnel and the citizens. b) Identification of potential technologies for usage from all citizens and health providers in a regional environment, in all aspects of everyday life. c) Presentation of a generic user model for reference when developing and assessing IT based health delivery solutions. METHODS: After defining the major questions to be addressed, an overview of tele-health and tele-medicine technologies and solutions currently available shall be presented. Further, a generic user model applied to the use of IT based regional health delivery solutions both for the daily life and home care, and for research and clinical routine purposes are presented. Enabling technologies for integration of different IT modules, medical data processing and management procedures and the wireless application protocol (WAP) technology is discussed. RESULTS: Different levels of user applications are presented such as mobile telephony driven health information monitoring and systems integrating electronic health care records with multimedia medical information management and processing modules. CONCLUSIONS: Although IT solutions are advanced and continue to evolve, still the user acceptance and user friendliness issues are unresolved. Mobile telecommunication solutions however may hold the key for wide scale implementation of IT solutions in regional health information networks and increased quality of health services.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed2003

[Results of scanning and flying spot technologies in photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for hypermetropia].

AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the results of scanning and flying spot laser beam technologies of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in eyes with hypermetropic refractive error. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In Group I (n = 800) eyes were treated with scanning technology (Aesculap-Meditec MEL 60), in Subgroup I/1 (n = 482) those eyes, which had a preoperative refractive error between +1.0 and +3.5 D; in Subgroup I/2 (n = 318) the eyes between +3.75 and +6.5 D. In Group II (n = 200) eyes treated with flying spot technology (Aesculap-Meditec MEL 70 G-Scan) were evaluated; in Subgroup II/1 (n = 106) eyes between +1.0 and +3.5 D; in subgroup II/2 (n = 94) eyes between +3.75 and +7.5 D. Follow-up time was 12 months. RESULTS: The preoperative correction need decreased in Group I/1 from +2.88 +/- 1.34 D to +1.26 +/- 1.24 D; in Group I/2 from 64 +/- 2.96 D to +2.46 +/- 1.84 D; in Group II/1 from +2.94 +/- 1.42 D to +0.42 +/- 0.14 D and in Group II/2 from 48 +/- 2.62 D to +0.86 +/- 0.6 D 12 months after PRK. Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 1.0 or better in 75.7% within the eyes of Group I/1; it was 22.3% in Group I/2; 80% in Group II/1 and 64.8% in Group II/2. The percentage of the eyes within +/- 1.0 D of targeted refraction was: In Group I/1 86.1%, in Group I/2 45.3%, in Group II/1 92.4% and in Group II/2 78.7%. The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) decreased by 2 or more Snellen lines among the eyes of Group I/1 in 12%; in Group I/2 in 21%; in Group II/1 in 2.8% and in Group II/2 in 9.6%. In Group I/1 2%, in Group II/1 3.8% of the treated eyes gained 2 or more lines of BSCVA. Among the eyes treated with the scanning model (Group I/2) a central bump-like opacity was observed in 4 eyes (1.2%); among the eyes treated with the flying spot model no similar complication occurred. The postoperative increase of intraocular pressure was observed in 7.5% in Group I/1; in 6.8% in Group I/2; in 7.0% in Group II/1; and in 6.4% in Group II/2. CONCLUSIONS: Flying spot technology was superior to scanning method in each treatment group, difference was greatest in eyes treated with a preoperative refractive error higher than +3.75 D. The upper limit of hypermetropic treatments has increased to +6.0 D in case of flying spot treatments from the previous +3.5 D upper limit of scanning technology.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Impact of transgenic technologies on functional genomics.

Gene transfer technologies in mammals are the focus of renewed interest owing to the recent emphasis on analyzing gene function in the postgenomic era. Three important developments in this area include transgenics, gene targeting and nuclear transfer or animal cloning. These technological innovations have enhanced our ability to analyze gene function at the level of the whole organism and have provided the means to modify gene expression. This review discusses the origins and current status of transgenic technologies. Various applications and technologies including chromosome engineering, stem cells, gene traps and modification of livestock are presented. The impact of mouse technologies and genomics on functional analyses is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

An historical perspective on genomic technologies.

Genomic technologies are best defined as technologies used to manipulate and analyze genomic information. The evolution of this collective power began in earnest with the invention of DNA cloning in the 1970's and most of the technology derives from the last quarter of the 20th century. The historical impact of these technologies is clearly immense. With the genome sequence becoming available for many organisms, including humans, another new view of biology has recently emerged. This review examines the shape and texture of this recent evolution, with a particular emphasis on new technology: DNA cloning, macromolecular structure analysis (X-ray crystallography and NMR), DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis, amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, and transgenic animals (bacteria through mammals).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiac MRI with SENSE technology: study of ventricular and valvular functionality in 30 patients].

PURPOSE: The latest innovation in MR imaging is SENSE (SENSitivity Encoding), a technology providing an important solution for the time necessary for signal encoding. In the SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) approach, an array of multiple, simultaneously operated receiver coils is used for signal acquisition. In particular, the efficacy of SENSE technology is able to reduce the number of phase encodings by a factor (named R factor or Reduction factor) and to evaluate the same k space with fewer readout lines obtaining higher spatial and temporal resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An heterogeneous group of 30 patients with a variety of clinically proven diagnoses underwent Cardiac MR with SENSE technology to evaluate the technique's diagnostic efficacy. The sequences used were "Balanced" Ultrafast Gradient Echo (B-FFE) characterised by a hyper-intense blood signal with multislice multiphase and single slice multiphase acquisitions. RESULTS: In addition to reducing scan times, SENSE technology improved spatial and temporal resolution (40 frames/cardiac cycle) providing optimal dynamic evaluation of valve structures and wall kinesis. Furthermore, the use of the SENSE technique with B-FFE sequences (sB-FFE) enabled the qualitative evaluation of abnormal blood movements and transvalvular flows. CONCLUSIONS: The considerable time savings allowed by SENSE technology and the clear improvement in image quality constitute a step forward in cardiac MR imaging. The possibility of executing morphologic, dynamic, perfusional and spectroscopic studies in the same MR examination session with short acquisition times and good image quality are becoming more feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Environmentally superior technologies for swine waste management.

The high nitrogen content of animal waste provides opportunities for processing to marketable byproducts and challenges for proper management to avoid harmful impacts. Technologies are being developed to conserve and utilize nitrogen as well as other valuable constituents in animal waste. Advanced treatment technologies are also being developed for housing/waste management systems that address public concerns and protect soil, water and air quality. Smithfield Foods, Premium Standard Farms and Frontline Farmers have entered into an agreement with North Carolina to develop environmentally superior technologies that meet these goals. The 18 candidate technologies are identified and three with the longest operating period, and thus most data to date are discussed. Methods for distributing this information for implementation of cost-effective technologies through the Curriculum Project and the National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management will be presented. This work supports priority goals to conserve and utilize valuable animal waste constituents while also protecting against negative impacts.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of affinity column technology and LISS tube tests.

Proteins G and A coated on agarose have been extensively used in affinity chromatography. Protein G will bind to all four subclasses of human IgG and protein A to the subclasses IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4. This IgG binding ability of protein G and protein A has been used in a red cell affinity column technology developed for the detection and identification of IgG red cell antibodies. When serum or plasma is incubated in a microcolumn with red blood cells (RBCs) that express the appropriate antigens, the antibodies become attached to the RBC surface. When the microcolumns are centrifuged, the RBCs pass through a viscous barrier into an active matrix containing proteins G and A. Positive tests adhere at the top of the gel and negative tests pass through, settling to the bottom. This study was undertaken to compare affinity column technology with low-ionic saline solution (LISS) tube tests in a reference laboratory setting. Over a 1-year period, 314 samples were tested in parallel by affinity column technology and by LISS tube technique. Both methods detected antibodies directed at common RBC antigens, high-incidence and low-incidence RBC antigens, and warm-reacting autoantibodies. IgM antibodies were not detected by affinity column technology. Affinity column technology compares favorably with the LISS tube technique for IgG antibody detection and identification.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Assistive technology outcomes in work settings.

Successfully documenting the outcomes of assistive technology (AT) interventions in the workplace benefits people with disabilities, service providers and agencies. However, no work related system currently exists that comprehensively collects the data needed to analyze such outcomes. Part of the reason for this absence of an outcome system is that, while the concept is simple, the process is complex and depends on the acquisition of data that represent many outcomes related variables. This article describes the exploratory work of the NIDRR (National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research) funded ATOMS Project (Assistive Technology Outcomes Measurement System) and its efforts to identify existing data that might be used as the basis for an outcomes measurement system. Sample records from four assistive technology service programs were acquired and evaluated for the data they housed. This study discovered that AT service programs fail to collect consistent or sufficient data for outcomes analysis. However, discussions with AT programs that provided services to State vocational rehabilitation agencies revealed an interesting potential. Assistive technology service data in combination with data collected by State vocational rehabilitation departments might coalesce the needed data. The Federal Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 911 Report aggregates many variables of outcomes related information including employment status and the success of the vocational rehabilitation investment. This combined database could answer a range of assistive technology outcomes related questions of interest to service providers, people with disabilities, and vocational rehabilitation State agencies. This paper describes the data needed in an outcomes system, reviews the data that appear to be available today related to AT outcomes, and projects how data from two diverse programs might be used together to create a significant outcomes database.

Biomedical Enhancement↗
PubMed2005

The evolving role of supply chain management technology in healthcare.

The healthcare supply chain is a vast, disintegrated network of products and players, loosely held together by manual and people-intensive processes. Managing the flow of information, supplies, equipment, and services from manufacturers to distributors to providers of care is especially difficult in clinical supply chains, compared with more technology-intense industries like consumer goods or industrial manufacturing. As supplies move downstream towards hospitals and clinics, the quality and robustness of accompanying management and information systems used to manage these products deteriorates significantly. Technology that provides advanced planning, synchronization, and collaboration upstream at the large supply manufacturers and distributors rarely is used at even the world's larger and more sophisticated hospitals. This article outlines the current state of healthcare supply chain management technologies, addresses potential reasons for the lack of adoption of technologies and provides a roadmap for the evolution of technology for the future. This piece is based on both quantitative and qualitative research assessments of the healthcare supply chain conducted during the last two years.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed2005

The mask detection technology for occluded face analysis in the surveillance system.

The surveillance systems have been widely used in automatic teller machines (ATMs), banks, convenient stores, etc. For example, when a customer uses the ATM, the surveillance systems will record his/her face information. The information will help us understand and trace who withdrew money. However, when criminals use the ATM to withdraw illegal money, they usually block their faces with something (in Taiwan, criminals usually use safety helmets or masks to block their faces). That will degrade the purpose of the surveillance system. In previous work, we already proposed a technology for safety helmet detection. In this paper, we propose a mask detection technology based upon automatic face recognition methods. We use the Gabor filters to generate facial features and utilize geometric analysis algorithms for mask detection. The technology can give an early warning to save-guards when any "customer" or "intruder" blocks his/her face information with a mask. Besides, the technology can assist face detection in the automatic face recognition system. Experimental results show the performance and reliability of the proposed technology.

Crime↗