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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Between-group transmission dynamics of the swallow bug, Oeciacus vicarius.

The parasitic cimicid swallow bug, Oeciacus vicarius, is the principal invertebrate vector for Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) and has also been associated with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. To help understand the spread of this vector, we experimentally measured the transmission of O. vicarius between groups (colonies) of its main host, the cliff swallow (Petrochelidonpyrrhonota), in the field. Transmission of bugs between colonies varied significantly with year, size of the colony, and week within the season. Bug immigration into sites tended to peak in mid-summer. Swallow nests in larger colonies had more consistent rates of bug introduction than did nests in small colonies, but within a colony a given nest's weekly immigrant-bug count varied widely across the season. Transmission of O. vicarius between host social groups follows broadly predictable seasonal patterns, but there is nevertheless temporal and spatial heterogeneity in bug transmission. By understanding how long-distance movement by this vector varies in time and space, we can better predict where and when BCRV epizootics may occur.

Alphavirus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Swallowing phobia: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment].

INTRODUCTION: Choking phobia (or swallowing phobia) is characterized by a fear of swallowing foods, liquids or pills, sometimes after an episode of choking on food. METHODS: Forty-one case reports on swallowing phobia from 1978 to 2005 were studied. Clinical and therapeutic variables of the disorder were studied. RESULTS: It appears to occur more often in females (two-thirds of the cases) and has a high comorbidity with anxiety disorders (panic disorder, 41 %; obsessive conditions, 22 %, and separation anxiety, 15 %). Life-events and eating traumatic antecedents are frequently present (44% and 56% cases, respectively). Cognitive-behavioral treatments have been of proven efficacy, as well as anti-panic drugs (alprazolam, lorazepam, bromazepan, imipramine, clomipramine, fluoxetine, paroxetine) with a remission rate of 58.5%. Gender and treatment differences are also analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of atypical swallowing: a kinesiographic study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of kinesiographic coincidence between the most cranial position during deglutition of mandible and habitual occlusal position and to evaluate the distribution of clinical diagnosis according to the kinesiographic pattern of deglutition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 201 random patients in waiting list for dental treatment and classified as orthodontic patients, prosthetic patients, TMD patients and control patients, were evaluated. Kinesiographic records were acquired using K7I and positioning a magnetic sensor frame integral with the head and with the sensory field balanced on an artificial magnet adhering to the mucosa covering the roots of the lower mandibular incisors. The kinesiographic occlusal position was compared to the kinesiographic most cranial position of the mandible during swallowing. RESULTS: 99 patients displayed a discrepancy between the most cranial position during swallowing and the occlusal position. 102 patients did not show any discrepancy. In this group the kinesiographic most cranial position during swallowing coincided with the occlusal position. CONCLUSION: The finding suggests that computerised kinesiography could be useful to study deglutition, detecting in a reliable way the movement pattern. Atypical deglutition seems to be less atypical than previously though in dental patient population and, despite these data confirm its correlation with malocclusion, we noted an inverse correlation with necessity of prosthetic treatment and no higher prevalence in TMD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy used to assess swallowing function.

Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy can be used to evaluate swallowing dysfunction by observing the patient's pharynx with a fiberoptic laryngoscope while the patient's swallowing function is challenged with various food materials. This technique provides much of the same information obtained from the formal videofluoroscopic swallowing examination and has the advantages of being a bedside technique requiring only a fiberoptic laryngoscope that can be performed in 15 minutes by a single otolaryngologist.

Deglutition↗
PubMed1990

Effects of aging on the swallowing mechanism.

Normal swallow involves a number of closely coordinated neuromuscular events. Investigators have identified some small temporal changes in the swallow of older adults as compared with young adults. Further research is needed to define completely the primary effects of aging on deglutition. Many medical conditions that commonly affect the elderly can cause dysphagia. These are discussed in terms of their effects on swallow physiology. Diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia in the elderly should be pursued as aggressively as in the younger adult.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Swallowing disorders: assessment and rehabilitation.

Advances over the last 15 years in the assessment and management of disorders of the upper swallowing tract, well publicized and applied in North America, appear to have received scant attention elsewhere. A coordinated, expert, interdisciplinary approach is most relevant to the rehabilitation of patients with swallowing disorders. Expert follow-up is important whenever totally safe swallowing is not achieved by the time of discharge from hospital.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mis-swallowing of cleaning naphtha: report of three cases.

Cleaning naphtha, a product of Chinese Petroleum Corporation, is a complex hydrocarbon mixture which contains mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is used as a cleaning fluid and solvent. Three toddlers mis-swallowed a mouth of cleaning naphtha accidentally. One developed multiple organ failure before death, another completely recovered without sequelae, and the other died very soon after mis-swallowing. Two fatal cases were both induced vomiting with aspiration immediately after mis-swallowing by their parents. Therefore, inducing vomiting should not be encouraged especially at home, and prevention of aspiration is very important in the management of such cases.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1989

Clinical study to evaluate the effects of three marketed sugarless chewing gum products on plaque pH, pCa, and swallowing rates.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of three commercially available chewing gums (Extra, Trident, and CareFree) to stimulate saliva flow and reverse the plaque acid and ionized calcium levels induced by a glucose challenge. Electrodes to measure pH and pCa were situated in a Hawley appliance. When the Hawley appliance was in place, the electrodes were inserted into three day old plaque at maxillary interproximal sites. A pressure sensor, located in the posterior center of the Hawley appliance, was used to record swallowing rates. After baseline values were determined, the test procedure consisted of first administering a 5% glucose challenge solution followed by a 10 minute challenge effect period, a 5 minute gum chewing or product period, and finally a 10 minute product effect period after the test gum was discarded. An ANOVA was used to compare the ability of each chewing gum to stimulate saliva and cause a return of the plaque acid and/or ionized calcium to baseline levels following product discard. The three chewing gum products varied in both time and level of pH attained while neutralizing plaque acidity (p less than .05) induced by the glucose rinse. No significant differences were found between the chewing gums for the pCa data and swallowing rates. All chewing gum products stimulated swallowing and effectively reversed plaque pH and pCa changes caused by the glucose rinse.

Calcium↗
PubMed1989

Adaptive functional changes in the swallowing pattern of the tongue following expansion of the maxillary dental arch in subjects with and without cleft palate.

In seven subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), two subjects without cleft but with complete lingual crossbite, and two subjects with normal occlusion, tongue contact patterns against the hard palate, lingual surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth, and mandibular lingual mucosa during swallowing were analyzed three-dimensionally using electropalatography (EPG), before and after lateral expansion of the maxillary dental arch and after 3 months of retention. Before maxillary lateral expansion, all of the subjects with cleft palate showed no palate-tongue contact at rest, and limited movement of the tongue anteriorly and upward through the entire swallow cycle. Furthermore, the tongue contacted the hard palate for a relatively brief time during swallowing compared with the subjects without cleft with normal occlusion. After expansion, the tongue was seen to contact all areas of the hard palate and the lingual surface of the maxillary dentition for a longer period of time. After 3 months of retention, the tongue maintained contact with all lingual areas of the mandibular and maxillary arches and the hard palate.

Cheek↗
PubMed1988

[Ultrasound study of disorders of coordination in tongue movement in swallowing].

Ultrasound imaging of tongue movements permits real-time observation of swallowing and articulation without risk for the patient. The ultrasound images of the tongue motions were recorded on video-tape and then analyzed frame by frame. We were able to detect regular phases of tongue motion during normal swallowing. Clear deviations from normal motion patterns were found in a patient with anarthria, despite absence of swallowing difficulties in every day life.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Volume of a swallow: role of orifice size and viscosity.

Following approval by an Institutional Review Board and a pilot study with adults, children aged 24 months to 71 months were encouraged to drink from a 28 fl oz flexible, plastic bottle with either a small diameter orifice (7 mm) or large diameter orifice (28 mm). The bottles contained either a low viscosity, an intermediate viscosity, or a higher viscosity liquid. Approximately 24 children evaluated each orifice/viscosity combination. The results, expressed as ml/swallow/kg body weight, showed that reducing orifice diameter reduced the volume of a swallow for the low viscosity liquid but did not appear to affect swallow volume for the intermediate or higher viscosity liquids. Additionally, swallow volume was found to be inversely related to viscosity of the test liquid.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1985

Swallow syncope.

Swallowing is considered a rare cause of syncope. The five patients described in this report had a spectrum of gastrointestinal tract or cardiovascular disease. For each patient there was a clear association between swallowing and the onset of syncope. Prompt diagnosis of this potentially lethal condition is essential, and electrocardiographic monitoring during swallowing is advisable in all cases in which syncope is suspected.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Auriculo-ventricular block upon swallowing].

A case of recurrent syncopal attacks in a 70-year-old woman with oesophageal hiatus hernia is reported. Dynamic ECG recording showed paroxysmal II and III degree A-V block during solid food swallowing. Electrophysiologic examination was normal in the basal condition and showed a II degree A-V nodal block with 2: 1 conduction ratio during solid food swallowing. This phenomenon was not reproducible after atropine administration. A permanent cardiac pacemaker (VVIP) rendered the patient completely symptomfree. The likely pathogenetic mechanism of "swallowing A-V block" is described.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Swallowing the psyche].

Various swallowing disorders have been viewed to be psychogenic and an altered contractile activity of the oesophagus has been reported to occur during emotional stress. Non-propulsive activity and "cardiospasm" were suggested to represent a symbolic revulsion, referring to deep, unconscious conflict or an ambivalent attitude towards incorporation (Kronfeld, 1934; Weiss, 1944; Alexander, 1950). However, these concepts were not corroborated by subsequent research. "Globus hystericus" was shown to result from webs and folds in the hypopharynx or from gastrooesophageal reflux, whilst the term "cardiospasm" has even become obsolete: there is no spasm of the lower oesophageal sphincter but an "achalasia", i.e., a failure to relax upon swallowing, which is not induced by psychic factors, but by lesions affecting the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation. On the other hand, it has been shown that the oesophagus reacts with non-propulsive contractions not only emotional tension, but also to cold or hot food and even to stimuli not related to ingestion such as intense short sounds, and that these contractions are likely to form part of the defence reaction of the healthy organism. Despite this responsiveness of the oesophagus and the fact that strategies aimed at inducing relaxation and reassurance can help patients to cope with their swallowing disorders, the psychosomatic concept that "exaggerated" oesophageal responses can lead to organic diseases has remained purely speculative. Present knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of the oesophagus clearly indicates that disorders such as globus sensation, achalasia, and diffuse oesophageal spasm should not be treated by psychotherapeutic but by appropriate surgical, or medical, means.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Swallowing, ingestion and dysphagia: a reappraisal.

Abnormalities of swallowing are unappreciated complications of many neurologic disorders. However, the standard phases of swallowing, with their emphasis on reflex aspects, inadequately account for dysphagia in many neurologic patients. Disorders of oral activity prior to swallow initiation may also be responsible for dysphagic symptoms. Therefore, the inclusion of the phases of deglutition within the more encompassing process of ingestion is proposed. The volitional component of food intake is stressed and its relationship to dysphagia in the neurologic patient is discussed. A general diagnostic and therapeutic approach is included.

Deglutition↗
PubMed1983

Membrane potential and mechanical responses of the opossum esophagus to vagal stimulation and swallowing.

Studies were performed in anesthetized opossums. The electrical changes, recorded using a suction electrode applied to the outside of the esophagus, and mechanical activity, recorded by an intraluminal catheter, were monitored from 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter. Swallowing was associated with membrane hyperpolarization followed by depolarization and spike burst. Electrical stimulation of the decentralized vagus also caused a prompt hyperpolarization followed by an overshoot depolarization. Single pulses of stimulation caused primarily hyperpolarization. The amplitude and duration of hyperpolarization increased with increasing frequencies of vagal stimulation. Spike burst occurred as the membrane potential was recovering from the peak hyperpolarization and moving toward peak depolarization. The latency of onset of spike burst decreased with increasing frequency of vagal stimulation. The muscle contraction occurred after a latency. The latency of contractions, like the latency of spike burst, decreased with increased frequency of vagal stimulation. These studies show that (a) membrane hyperpolarization is present during the latent period of contraction associated with swallowing, suggesting that swallow-induced esophageal response may be mediated by vagal inhibitory pathway to the esophagus and (b) spike bursts can be temporally dissociated from depolarization by changing the vagal stimulation frequency, suggesting that spike burst and depolarization may be mediated by different excitatory mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dental prostheses and the impacted swallowed foreign body.

A common belief exists that patients who wear false teeth are more likely to present with an impacted swallowed foreign body than those with a normal dentition. This study reviewed a series of 65 patients (with data available from 45) who presented with a swallowed impacted foreign body which required endoscopic removal under general anaesthesia. With the aid of a questionnaire the incidence of dental prostheses in these patients was determined. The number of patients in our study who had either false teeth or natural dentition was compared with the expected age-related incidence of wearing dental prostheses in the general population of the United Kingdom. There were no statistically significant differences between these groups. Patients presenting with an impacted swallowed foreign body are no more likely to be wearing false teeth than any other member of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Swallowing disorders in patients after the laryngeal cancer surgery].

Anatomical and functional changes of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx due to malignant tumor surgery and irradiation, cause breathing, swallowing, phonation and lung protection disorders. Deglutition disorders and choking are observed in all patients who have undergone supracricoid laryngectomy. We presented 33 patients after supracricoid laryngectomy with simultaneous CHEP (6) or CHP (27) reconstructions. 18 patients had one arytenoid cartilage removed, in 1 patient both of them were removed. Removal of the stomach tube took place between 29-36th day after the surgery. 4 patients showed symptoms of the aspiration pneumonia. Difficulties in swallowing liquids persist in some cases even a few years after the surgery. Re-education and rehabilitation of swallowing is the predominant problem and the most important goal after the CHP and CHEP surgery.

Deglutition Disorders↗