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PubMed1992

Generalization in social behavior research with children and youth who have emotional or behavioral disorders.

This article presents a critical analysis of social behavior research with students who have emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD). In particular, it focuses on issues of generalized responding and a technology of generalization promotion. From a review of selected studies the conclusion is drawn that (a) researchers too rarely examine generalization in social behavior research, (b) studies that provide analysis of generalization rely on the least analytic approaches, and (c) generalization is seldom presented as a dependent variable of central interest in social behavior research with EBD students. Guidelines for further research in the area of generalization promotion are offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Childhood body-focused behaviors and social behaviors as risk factors of eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: The risk factors for adolescent eating disorders are poorly understood. It is generally agreed, however, that interactions with one's body and interactions with others are two important features in the development of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Therefore, we assessed a variety of childhood body-focused behaviors and childhood social behaviors in eating-disordered patients as compared to non-eating-disordered subjects. METHOD: We compared 50 female inpatients with eating disorders (anorexia or bulimia nervosa), 50 female inpatients with polysubstance dependence, and 50 nonpatient female control subjects with no history of eating or substance abuse disorders (all defined by DSM-IV criteria), using a semi-structured interview of our own design. We asked questions about (1) childhood body-focused behaviors (e.g. thumb-sucking) and body-focused family experiences (e.g. bodily caresses), and (2) childhood social behaviors (e.g. numbers of close friends) and family social styles (e.g. authoritarian upbringing). RESULTS: Many body-focused measures, such as feeding problems, auto-aggressive behavior, lack of maternal caresses, and family taboos regarding nudity and sexuality, characterized eating-disordered patients as opposed to both comparison groups, as did several social behaviors, such as adjustment problems at school and lack of close friends. However, nail-biting, insecure parental bonding, and childhood physical and sexual abuse were equally elevated in both psychiatric groups. CONCLUSION: It appears that eating-disordered patients, as compared to substance-dependent patients and healthy controls, show a distinct pattern of body-focused and social behaviors during childhood, characterized by self-harm, a rigid and 'body-denying' family climate, and lack of intimacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Behavior disorders in mentally retarded persons, the dually diagnosed: factors of pathogenesis.

The present report considers organic factors of pathogenesis, in addition to environmental factors, as causal processes in cases of dual disability of mental retardation and behavior disorders. Relevant to organic pathogenesis, in cases of dual diagnosis, basic biological processes are presented, mechanisms concerned with gestational and birth complications that led to fetal-neonatal hypoxic cerebral cortical damage. In such cases, dual diagnosis manifestations of mental retardation and behavior disorders, together with other chronic cerebral disabilities, may be attributed to residues of fetal-neonatal cerebral damage.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1997

The impact of personality disorders on behavioral treatment outcome for social phobia.

The impact of personality disorders (PDs) on exposure in vivo treatment for social phobia was investigated in three groups of social phobics: social phobia without any PD (n = 30), social phobia with a single diagnosis of avoidant PD (n = 18) and social phobia with multiple PDs (n = 13). We hypothesized parallel change for social phobia with and without an avoidant PD with the latter group being more impaired before and after treatment. In order to test this hypothesis, confidence intervals for change were computed. In line with our hypothesis, social phobics in all three groups improved significantly during treatment and no interaction effects were found on the repeated MANOVAs. By using a confidence interval, parallel change was found on most measures. The impact of additional anxiety and mood disorders on treatment outcome was investigated separately. The analyses showed that an additional anxiety or mood disorder also did not predict outcome of exposure treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prediction of social skill acquisition in schizophrenic and major affective disorder patients from memory and symptomatology.

Memory and symptomatology were examined as predictors of social skill acquisition in psychiatric inpatients participating in a social skills training program. Poor memory was related to pretreatment social skill impairments and slower rates of skill improvement during the intervention for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, but not affective disorder. Symptomatology was not consistently related to pretreatment social skill or changes in skill for either schizophrenic or affective disorder patients. The results suggest that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with impairments in social skill and that such deficits may limit the rate of skill acquisition and clinical response to social skills training interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The social functioning of persons with chronic mental illness: an empirical typology of consumers and correlates of social functioning.

This study examined the typology of consumers and correlates of their social functioning using the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Data were obtained from 244 outpatients of two psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric ward inpatients in two general hospitals through a structured in-person interview. The typology was generated using Cluster Analysis, and the profile of each group was further examined. The results indicated that there were four distinct groups of consumers. Multiple regression analysis revealed that consumers' sex, age, education, diagnosis, behavioral problems, family caregivers' age, employment status, and overall social support were significantly associated with consumers' social functioning. The implications for previous research findings and psychiatric rehabilitation service are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Memory training and behavioral rehabilitation of a severely head-injured adult.

Neuropsychologic and behavioral assessment data are presented for a severely head-injured adult who participated in both a memory training and a behavioral skills training program. The memory training was ineffective and did not appear to contribute to the successful community placement of this head-injured adult. Behavioral skills training produced improvements in adaptive functioning as assessed by the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS); and it is argued that psychosocial and not cognitive factors may be crucial to the rehabilitation of head-injured adults. The development and evaluation of behavioral assessment and retraining methods is suggested as a promising direction for future research with head-injured adults.

Activities of Daily Living↗