Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SYNOVIAL FLUID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Concentrations of neuropeptides substance P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in synovial fluid of the human temporomandibular joint. A correlation with symptoms, signs and arthroscopic findings.

Arthroscopy was performed on 18 patients (19 joints) with temporomandibular joint arthropathy. Arthroscopic investigation revealed that 12 patients had disk derangement, including 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Six patients had osteoarthrosis, including one patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial fluid content of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI), neurokinin A (NKA-LI), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP-LI), neuropeptide Y (NPY-LI) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP-LI) were analysed using radioimmunoassay technique. All peptides analysed were found, although in various concentrations, in the different joints. There were no significant differences in concentrations of the peptides in the synovial fluid between patients in the various groups. No significant correlation was found between clinical symptoms and signs, arthroscopic findings, or use of analgesic/anti-inflammatory medication versus concentrations of peptides in the synovial fluid. In comparison with earlier findings in the knee joint significantly higher concentrations of SP-LI, CGRP-LI and NPY-LI were found in the TMJ.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of different infectious agents persistence in mononuclear leukocytes of blood and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

The study of persistence in mononuclear leukocytes (ML) of blood and synovial fluid of 218 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Cytornegalovirus (CMV), the 1-st and 2-nd types of Herpes virus simplex (VH), Epstain-Barr virus (VEB), Mycoplasma arthritidis (Ma), Mycoplasma fermentans (Mf), Ureaplasma urealiticum (U), Chlamidia trachomatis (Ct), viruses of Hepatitis B and C was carry out by direct and indirect immunofruorescence, immunoenzymatic analysis and polymerase chain reaction. An increased frequency of contamination of blood ML with infectious agents in patients with RA was established (57,4% compared with 16,7% in control group). The following infectious agents were revieled more frequently: in ML of blood and synovial fluid the Ma (relatively 20,5% and 15,9%), Mf (15,6% and 13,2%), Ct (18,4% and 13,2%), VH (27,1% and 10,5%), VEB (12,7% and 5,3%) and CMV (11,2% and 7,9%). Types of frequency dynamics of ML contamination with these infectious agents in different time phases of RA were determined.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2000

[Detection and significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor in synovial tissue, synovial fluid and plasma from patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution and expression of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and type-2 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2) in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and measure the antigen levels and activity in synovial fluid and plasma of patients with RA. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect PAI-1 and PAI-2 expression and distribution in synovial tissue from 24 RA patients, 18 osteoarthritis (OA) patients and 6 normal subjects. PAI-1 and PAI-2 antigen concentration and activity were determined with ELISA sandwich method. RESULTS: In RA patients, positive staining of PAI-1 and PAI-2 was seen respectively in all the 24 cases and 8 of the 24 cases; positive expression was distributed mainly in the synovial lining area. In OA patients, positive staining of PAI-1 was detected in 8 cases and its positive distribution was similar to that in RA. No PAI-2 positive staining was seen in all the OA cases. In 6 normal subjects with normal synovial tissue, the staining was negative. The concentration and activity of PAI-1 in RA synovial fluid(SF) were significantly higher than those in the plasma(P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). The concentration and activity of PAI-1 in the plasma of RA were also much higher than those in the plasma of OA(P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001) and healthy subjects(P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001). The concentration and activity of PAI-1 in SF and plasma of RA correlated positively. CONCLUSION: The up-regulated expression of PAI-1 and PAI-2 and the concentration and activity of PAI-1 in SF and plasma were significantly higher in RA than those in OA and healthy subjects, suggesting PAI especially PAI-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Gamma/delta T cells and their subpopulations in blood and synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis.

T cell receptor (TCR) gamma/delta bearing lymphocytes in peripheral blood and synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and seronegative spondyloarthritides (SSA) were evaluated by means of double label immunofluorescence and cytofluorographic analysis. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were used. TCR delta-1 against a common delta chain epitope, BB3 directed against the T cell subset whose TCR is encoded by the V delta 2 gene, and A13 directed against the V delta 1 subset. Peripheral blood T gamma delta cells were significantly reduced compared to normal control blood in RA patients who had joint effusion but not in other RA patients. The decrease of T gamma delta in the RA PB was mainly confined to the A13+ subset. In RA synovial fluid (RA SF) T gamma delta cells were significantly increased compared to paired but not normal peripheral blood, the most significant being the increase of A13+ cells. In contrast, in patients with SSA, no change in T gamma delta cells was observed on PB or SF. These data suggest that in RA, but not SSA, T gamma delta cells migrate from PB to inflamed synovium and thus may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients on leukocyte migration].

By means of the migration inhibition test, the influence of the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients on normal blood lymphocytes was investigated. There was the hypothesis that the migration inhibitory factor is already formed in the synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis patients. In 35 cases a migration inhibition could be demonstrated, in 3 cases the migration of normal lymphocytes remained uninfluenced, in 6 cases a migration enhancement occurred. The demonstration of the rheumatic factor in the synovial fluids used was partly positive, partly negative. Especially the demonstration of a migration enhancement--this phenomenon could be reproduced repeatedly--cannot yet be interpreted unequivocally and requires further investigations.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of SC5b--9 complement complex in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic disease.

Activation of the terminal complement pathway leads to formation of the C5b--9 complex. The main effects of C5b--9 generation are tissue injury by cell lysis or by stimulation of proinflammatory mediators. In a study carried out in 42 patients, using polyclonal antibodies against C5b--9 neoantigens and C9 in an ELISA assay, we found significantly higher levels of SC5b--9 complex in plasma from the 18 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus than those found in 10 healthy controls (p less than 0.005). In the 18 patients presenting rheumatoid arthritis and the 6 with progressive systemic sclerosis the plasma levels of SC5b--9 complex did not differ significantly from those in controls. The SC5b--9 levels found in the synovial fluid samples from the 16 rheumatoid arthritis patients were higher than the corresponding plasma ones. The ratio between synovial fluid and plasma levels was 1.2. Immunoperoxidase staining for C5b--9 was intense in three rheumatoid synovial membranes and absent in two normal synovial membranes obtained during meniscectomy. Increased levels of plasma and synovial fluid SC5b--9 reflect pathologic systemic or local activation of the complement carcase in systemic lupus erythematosus and respectively rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial membrane deposits of C5b--9 are indicative for the lytic and proinflammatory effects of complement activation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometric quantification of indomethacin in plasma and synovial fluid.

A procedure for the quantification of sub-nanogram per millilitre concentrations of indomethacin in plasma and synovial fluid has been developed using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure is based on selected ion monitoring of the daughter ion at m/z 312 generated following decarboxylation of the 35Cl isotope peak of the indomethacin anion (m/z 356) formed from the pentafluorobenzyl ester of indomethacin in the ion source of the mass spectrometer. The internal standard, d2-indomethacin, has a daughter ion at m/z 316 formed from the corresponding 37Cl isotope peak. The limit of quantification was 0.1 ng ml-1 for both plasma and synovial fluid.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1990

Procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide in serum and synovial fluid of dogs with hip dysplasia and coxarthrosis.

Hip dysplasia is an affection of the coxofemoral joint that progresses until stabilization is caused by fibrosis and osteoarthritic changes. This stabilization process can be examined by clinical and radiographic methods. The capability of evaluating the procollagen concentrations in liquids, such as serum and synovial fluid, has further offered the basis for an objective biochemical evaluation of the stabilization process. Our study was performed to evaluate whether determination of procollagen concentrations was suitable for the use in practice. The procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide (P-III-NP) concentration was measured in serum and in synovial fluid from coxofemoral joints in 20 dogs. Dogs were grouped on the basis of evidence of dysplasia and osteoarthritic changes of the hip: (1) a control group of 6 dogs without clinical or radiographic signs of hip dysplasia, and (2) dysplastic group of 14 dogs, which was further grouped with respect to the coxofemoral joint laxity, as determined by the Ortolani test. Synovial fluid concentration of P-III-NP was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in fluid from dysplastic joints than in fluid from normal joints. Serum concentrations of P-III-NP were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in dogs in which results of the Ortolani test were positive.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Decreased inhibition of proteolysis by osteoarthritic synovial fluids.

The hypothesis, that part of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis may be due to the diminished ability of the osteoarthritic synovial fluid to restrict proteolysis, has been tested by a functional biochemical assay for such inhibitory activity. The results from six synovial fluids from normal or mildly osteoarthritic knees were compared with those from seven from joints showing moderately severe or severe osteoarthritis. Whether on the basis of 'per mg protein' or 'per millilitre' of the fluids, the latter showed a clearly diminished capacity for inhibiting proteolysis under the conditions of this assay.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1976

Complement and immunoglobulins in synovial fluid from synovectomized patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

In order to see if the complement (C) consumption and conversion, which are typical of rheumatoid joints, continue after synovectomy, 23 knee joints in which synovectomy had been performed from 4-5 to 6-5 years previously, were studied. The mean ratio of the concentration of C3, C4, and C5 in synovial fluid to that in palsma of the same patient was significantly lower than the corresponding ratio for the total protein content. This was found both in joints with active arthritis and in joints without clinical signs of arthritis, and in both seropositive and seronegative patients. Conversion products of C3 were found in 7 of the synovial fluids. The study thus indicated that the complement alterations in synovectomized joints are very similar to those in nonsynovectomized rheumatoid joints. In one synovial fluid agarose electrophoresis showed multiple sharp bands in the gamma region. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis some bands seemed to contain IgG with one type of light chains only. In plasma of the same patients the bands were much weaker, indicating local production of oligoclonal IgG in the joint.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1992

Phenotypic analysis of functionally associated molecules on peripheral blood and synovial fluid monocytes from arthritis patients.

Surface expression of 16 different membrane molecules was analyzed in peripheral blood and synovial fluid monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis compared to controls. The most significant findings were modulated expression of function-associated FcRI, CR1, CR3, MHC class II and activation-associated CD31, M5, and M6 molecules in arthritis patients compared to controls. Of these molecules, only upregulated expression of MHC class II has previously been reported in synovial fluid monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Human fibroblasts release reactive oxygen species in response to treatment with synovial fluids from patients suffering from arthritis.

Human fibroblasts in primary culture released reactive oxygen species upon exposure to synovial fluid obtained by joint aspiration from twelve patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The primary radical produced was O2- as determined by ESR spin trapping and cytochrome c reduction. In contrast to the oxidative burst in granulocytes and monocytes, radical formation proceeded continuously for at least four hours. Low-level chemiluminescence was increased upon exposure to inflammatory human synovial fluids. Spectral characteristics and effects of azide and 1,4-diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane led to the conclusion that the photoemissive species were excited carbonyls. Radical production and light emission were not altered either by xanthine or allopurinol, nor by azide, cyanide or rotenone. The O2- production increased in the presence of NADH or NADPH, making an NAD(P)H oxidase a likely source. The liberation of reactive oxygen species correlated with the number of leukocytes present in the inflammatory joint fluids, but not with the concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement factor C3.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1989

Extracellular appearance of calpain and calpastatin in the synovial fluid of the knee joint.

Extracellular location of calpain and calpastatin was demonstrated in the cell-free synovial fluid obtained from the knee joint of healthy adult humans and several patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Calpains I and II and a few molecular species of calpastatin were identified by chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose and on Ultrogel AcA 34 columns as well as by immunoelectrophoretic blot analysis. Calpains I and II in the synovial fluid of the patients increased 6.7 times and 3.5 times, respectively, compared with those of the control subjects. With the patients, shortening of the heavy subunits of calpains was noted. Calpastatin also increased in the patients, but it showed rather extensive fragmentation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of the protease activity in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify which proteases are specifically activated in the lesions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: The activity levels of the serine proteases of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, and of elastase and collagenase as controls, in synovial fluid from 27 RA patients and 28 OA patients were measured using fluorogenic synthetic substrates which had methylcoumarylamide (MCA) at their COOH-termini. The thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) content was also measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Among the proteases, thrombin-like activity was the highest in both RA and OA. The profiles of protease activity were similar in RA and OA, but their activities were in general significantly higher in RA than in OA (p < 0.01). The levels of both thrombin-like activity and TAT were about 7.5-fold higher in RA than in OA, while the levels of CRP and fibrinogen were only about 2-fold higher. Biochemical characterization of the thrombin-like activity in the synovial fluid of RA patients showed that this activity was due to thrombin. Thrombin-like activity positively correlated with the TAT concentration in RA (r = 0.750, p < 0.0001), but not in OA. CONCLUSION: Activation of the coagulation system was more marked in RA than in OA, strongly suggesting that in RA there is an imbalance between thrombin and its inhibitors, and that thrombin is more closely linked to the pathogenesis of RA than to that of OA. Our results also show that analysis of the synovial fluid may be useful to estimate the activation of the coagulation system in RA, but not that of the fibrinolytic system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in synovial fluid of hashish smokers].

The aim of the present work was to investigate the presence of tetrahydrocannabinole in the human synovial fluid. The samples were obtained post mortem at obduction. The tetrahydrocannabinole concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The presence of tetrahydrocannabinole in the synovial fluid obtained from hashish smokers was demonstrated. In addition, the concentrations measured were compared with these found in blood and urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Synovial fluid inorganic pyrophosphate concentration and nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase activity in basic calcium phosphate deposition arthropathy and Milwaukee shoulder syndrome.

Synovial fluid (SF) inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) concentration is elevated in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition arthropathy. Since CPPD and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals often are present in the same joints, we determined [PPi] and activity of the PPi-generating enzyme, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (NPPH), in SF from the joints of patients with various arthropathies, including those with BCP crystals. We found elevated SF [PPi] in joints with BCP crystals, as well as in joints with CPPD crystals. The presence of BCP crystals in synovial fluids was also predictive of elevated NPPH activity.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1996

Determination of metalloproteinases, plasminogen-activators and their inhibitors in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during chemical synoviorthesis.

The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), lactoferrin and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and the inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2), and alpha2-macroglobulin in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was determined before and during chemical synoviorthesis with a sodium salt of the fatty acids from cod-liver oil (Varicocid). Synovial fluids were obtained before treatment from 37 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and, in most cases, at 8 and 24 h after injection of the agent. Well-established ELISAs were used to determine the amounts of all proteins. All patients with rheumatoid arthritis revealed very high levels of metalloproteinases (about 1-15 mu g/ml) in their synovial fluids. During the inflammation inducing treatment the granulocyte enzymes increased. In contrast to this, the level of MMP-1 decreased. All granulocyte-derived enzymes were strongly correlated with each other, whereas their dependence on the granulocyte count was only weak. uPA and PAI-2 showed good correlations with the granulocytes-derived enzymes, but were also only weakly correlating with the cell counts. t-PA was not detected by the ELISA used. The proteases, MMP-8, MMP-9 and uPA were increased 8 h after the treatment, whereas the specific inhibitors TIMP-1, PAI-1 and PAI-2 showed significant changes only 24 h after the injection. Matrix metalloproteinases are important factors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The inflammatory activity in the joint could be better correlated to the granulocyte enzymes than to the granulocyte counts. The levels of uPA and PAI-2 are also parallel to the granulocyte enzyme levels and might underly the same regulatory mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of calcium pentosan polysulphate achieved in the horse following intramuscular injection.

Results from in vitro studies have indicated that calcium pentosan polysulphate (CaPPS) may be of therapeutic value in osteoarthritis (OA) in the horse. However, no controlled clinical trials using this drug in equine OA have yet been reported. If CaPPS is to be developed for such use, the relationship between the proposed i.m. dose of CaPPS to be used and the concentrations of drug attained in plasma and synovial fluid of the target joint should first be established. An investigation was undertaken to determine these concentrations after a single 2 mg/kg i.m. injection of CaPPS. Blood and synovial fluid samples were taken from 6 healthy, sound horses following i.m. CaPPS administration. Concentrations of CaPPS measured in the synovial fluid were, on the basis of published studies, sufficient to elicit a potential therapeutic effect on synoviocyte metabolism, and possibly also to stimulate proteoglycan synthesis and reduce matrix metalloproteinase activities in articular cartilage. It would therefore seem justified to investigate further the therapeutic effect of CaPPS in OA in the horse.

Animals↗