Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Risk Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in older veterans: results from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

OBJECTIVES: To compare influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates of older veterans with those of nonveterans and to compare vaccination rates of veterans who receive care at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers with those of veterans who do not. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING: United States and territories. PARTICIPANTS: Persons aged 65 and older who participated in the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. MEASUREMENTS: Telephone survey of sociodemographics factors, including veteran status and VA care, health and behavioral characteristics, and influenza and pneumococcal vaccine use. RESULTS: Thirty percent of adults aged 65 and older were veterans, and 21% of veterans reported receiving care at VA health facilities. Veterans, especially VA users, were older and described poorer self-perceived health than nonveterans. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates were higher for veterans than for nonveterans (74% vs 68% and 68% vs 63%, respectively, P < .001 for both) and for VA users than non-VA users (80% vs 72% and 81% vs 64%, respectively, P < .001 for both). For veterans, VA care was independently associated with influenza (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-2.2) and pneumococcal (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 2.0-2.9) vaccine use after adjusting for sociodemographics factors, perceived health status, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and smoking. Current smoking and black race were independent predictors of low influenza vaccine uptake. CONCLUSION: VA care was associated with improved influenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage, although vaccination rates for all elderly veterans fell short of Healthy People 2010 goals. Increased efforts to reach undervaccinated groups, particularly blacks and smokers, are warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

HIV epidemiology and risk behavior promoting HIV transmission in Austrian prisons.

In 1989, 1990 and 1992, 19%, 15% and 10%, respectively, of all prisoners newly admitted to prisons and penitentiary institutions in Austria underwent HIV antibody tests. Based on the HIV test outcome in prisons in which more than 80% of the newly admitted inmates were tested, annual HIV prevalences among prison inmates in Austria were determined. These were 0.5% (11/2,223), 1.3% (19/1,466) and 0.9% (14/1,509) in 1989, 1990 and 1992, respectively. The prevalence rates among prison inmates in Austria are thus 5 times higher than those in the general Austrian population. About 5% of all inmates belong to the high-risk group of intravenous drug users. Inquiries into HIV risk behavior among prison inmates showed that, in Austrian prisons just like in those of many other countries, intravenous drug use and sexual contacts are common practices. As disposable needles and condoms are not available to prison inmates, these practices carry a particularly high risk of HIV transmission. The data collected can be taken as a basis for developing strategies which are designed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in prisons and which have a major bearing on the development of the HIV pandemic.

Austria↗
PubMed2002

Self-reported mammography screening among Oklahoma women age 50 and older: Oklahoma Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 1997-2001.

PURPOSE: To examine which factors were associated with mammography screening among women age 50 and older in Oklahoma from 1997-2001. METHODS: Using data from 4,338 women age 50 and older interviewed for the 1997-2001 Oklahoma Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this study examines the proportion of women receiving mammography screening services and assesses the associations between covariates of interest and mammography screening. RESULTS: Among Oklahoma women age 50 and older, 17.5% had never received a mammogram and 14.9% of those who had received a mammogram had not done so in the past two years. Women without health insurance coverage, those of lower socioeconomic status and those engaging in risky health behaviors were more likely to never have had a mammogram and, if they were screened, to have not had a mammogram in the past two years. CONCLUSIONS: These results show a need to focus mammography screening programs on women with lower socioeconomic status.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS-related risk behavior of young college students.

Protected sex is crucial in reducing college students' risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Trends indicate college students are knowledgeable about HIV prevention measures, yet underestimate their HIV/AIDS risk in light of their sexual behavior, which they fail to alter in significant ways. The purposes of this exploratory correlational study were to: (a) explore the relationship between AIDS risk perception, self-efficacy, AIDS knowledge, and select demographics on ARRB, (b) compare gender and ethnic differences and (c) assess the validity and reliability of the three psychometric instruments (AIDS Risk Perception question, the AIDS Self-efficacy Survey and the Relative AIDS Risk Index) and the National AIDS Awareness Test. Participants were 407 undergraduates who attended one of three state-supported collegiate institutions in Florida. The psychometric instruments were found valid and reliable. Sixty percent of the students engaged in unprotected sex and 59% engaged in sex while under the influence of alcohol. AIDS risk perception and self-efficacy explained 20% of the variance in AIDS-related risk behavior. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Behavioral risk factor survey of Vietnamese--California, 1991.

Since 1975, an estimated 979,700 refugees from Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries have immigrated to the United States (L. Bussert, Office of Refugee Resettlement, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, personal communication, 1991). Although public health agencies have reported extensively on the occurrence of infectious diseases in these populations (1-4), the prevalence of risk factors for noninfectious health concerns (e.g., heart disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries) have not been well defined. To characterize risk factors for selected noninfectious diseases and injuries among the estimated 280,200 Vietnamese who have relocated to California, the University of California, San Francisco, and the California Department of Health Services developed a Vietnamese-language version of CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for use in a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) system. This report summarizes findings from the 1991 survey and compares them with data for the general California or U.S. population.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Surveillance systems monitoring HIV/AIDS and HIV risk behaviors among American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Few published reports describe patterns of occurrence of HIV/AIDS among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people nationally. Data from national surveillance systems were examined to describe the spread of HIV/AIDS and the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors among AI/AN people. These data indicate that HIV/AIDS is a growing problem among AI/AN people and that AI/AN youth and women are particularly vulnerable to the continued spread of HIV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Determinants of longer time from HIV result to enrollment in publicly funded care and treatment in California by race/ethnicity and behavioral risk.

The Early Intervention Program (EIP) is California's publicly funded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and treatment program with 30 sites throughout the state. Our objective for this study was to examine the number of days from first HIV-positive result until enrollment into EIP by race/ethnicity, behavioral risk, and other characteristics, with data from clients who enrolled in an EIP site after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies. For Model I, logistic regression distinguished clients diagnosed with HIV and enrolled in EIP on the same day (0 days) from those with values of 1+ days; linear regression was then used on the log transformation of days for the majority of clients not diagnosed and enrolled on the same day. For Model II, logistic regression was used to identify client characteristics related to enrollment in EIP over 6 weeks from the date of HIV diagnosis. We found that Latinos were more likely than whites to enroll in EIP on the day they were diagnosed with HIV. For clients not diagnosed and enrolled in EIP on the same day, no differences across racial and ethnic groups were found for days until enrollment in HIV care and treatment. However, clients with a history of injection drug use took longer from the day they were diagnosed with HIV to enroll in EIP. The California EIP represents a model for programs seeking equity in access to HIV care and treatment across racial and ethnic groups. Getting injectors into timely HIV care and treatment represents a challenge.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMed2005

Diet and physical activity behaviors among Americans trying to lose weight: 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and correlates of trying to lose weight among U.S. adults, describe weight loss strategies, and assess attainment of recommendations for weight control (eating fewer calories and physical activity). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This study used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey of adults > or =18 years of age (N = 184,450) conducted in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2000. RESULTS: The prevalence of trying to lose weight was 46% (women) and 33% (men). Women reported trying to lose weight at a lower BMI than did men; 60% of overweight women were trying to lose weight, but men did not reach this level until they were obese. Adults who had a routine physician checkup in the previous year and reported medical advice to lose weight vs. checkup and no medical advice to lose weight had a higher prevalence of trying to lose weight (81% women and 77% men vs. 41% women and 28% men, respectively). The odds of trying to lose weight increased as years of education increased. Among respondents who were trying to lose weight, approximately 19% of women and 22% of men reported using fewer calories and > or =150 min/wk leisure-time physical activity. DISCUSSION: A higher percentage of women than men were trying to lose weight; both sexes used similar weight loss strategies. Education and medical advice to lose weight were strongly associated with trying to lose weight. Most persons trying to lose weight were not using minimum recommended weight loss strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of sedentary lifestyle--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 1991.

Despite increasing evidence of the health benefits of Physical activity, the United States remains predominantly a sedentary society. In 1990, nearly 60% of the U.S. adult population reported little or no leisure-time physical activity. Persons who engage in no physical activity are at higher risk for death from coronary heart disease than are persons who exercise regularly. To estimate the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and identify groups characterized by a high prevalence of physical inactivity, CDC analyzed data on leisure-time physical activity from the 1991 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of the survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Self-reported body mass index and health-related quality of life: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between self-reported body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life in the general adult population in the United STATES: RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Using data from 109,076 respondents in the 1996 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined how self-reported BMI is associated with five health-related quality of life measures developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for population health surveillance. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender, race or ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, smoking status, and physical activity status, participants with a self-reported BMI of <18.5 kg/m(2) and participants with a self-reported BMI of > or =30 kg/m(2) reported impaired quality of life. Compared with persons with a self-reported BMI of 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2), odds ratios (ORs) of poor or fair self-rated health increased among persons with self-reported BMIs of <18.5 (1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31 to 1.89), 25 to <30 kg/m(2) (1.12, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.20), 30 to <35 kg/m(2) (1.65, 95% CI: 1.50 to 1.81), 35 to <40 kg/m(2) (2.58, 95% CI: 2.21 to 3.00), and > or =40 kg/m(2) (3.23, 95% CI: 2.63 to 3.95); ORs for reporting > or =14 days of poor physical health during the previous 30 days were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.21 to 1.72), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.14), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.19 to 1.47), 1.80 (95% CI: 1.52 to 2.13), and 2.37 (95% CI: 1.90 to 2.94), respectively; ORs for having > or =14 days of poor mental health during the previous 30 days were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.42), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.11), 1.22 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.36), 1.68 (95% CI: 1.42 to 1.98), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.32 to 2.09), respectively. DISCUSSION: In the largest study to date, low and increased self-reported BMI significantly impaired health-related quality of life. Particularly, deviations from normal BMI affected physical functioning more strongly than mental functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Quasi-experimental evaluation of three AIDS prevention activities for maintaining knowledge, improving attitudes, and changing risk behaviors of high school seniors.

Twelfth graders in a small southern city participated in one of three interventions: a question and answer (QA) session, a presentation by a person with AIDS (PWA), or a role-play activity (RP). A pre-intervention questionnaire assessed AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes. Immediate post-intervention questionnaires assessed knowledge and the intervention itself, and, five weeks later, a questionnaire reassessed knowledge and attitudes in addition to changes in risk behaviors. Knowledge gains were similar in the three groups; forgetting was greatest among PWA students. The attitudes of the RP group toward persons with AIDS tended to be the most positive, but differences among the groups were not statistically significant. The pro- portion of RP students (65.9% ) who reported changing their sexual activities after the intervention was significantly greater than that proportion of the other groups. These findings suggest that role-play activities can be more effective in achieving HIV/AIDS-related attitudinal and behavioral change than question-and-answer discussions or presentations by PWAs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Sexually transmitted disease/HIV transmission risk behaviors and sexually transmitted disease prevalence among HIV-positive men receiving continuing care.

OBJECTIVE: HIV primary care clinics offer an environment in which to deliver prevention messages and to conduct sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening. Determination of the prevalence and factors associated with risk-taking behaviors among HIV clinic attendees is needed. GOAL: The goal of this study was to describe risk behaviors and STD prevalence in males receiving HIV primary care. STUDY: Participants underwent an interviewer-administered survey and STD testing during this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Over two thirds of study participants reported sexual activity within the prior 6 months of which 6% were infected with gonorrhea or chlamydia. Men performing insertive rectal sex were 5 times less likely to use condoms when the partner was HIV-positive (odds ratio [OR], 5.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90-13.91), whereas patients with higher CD4 counts were more likely to engage in unprotected receptive rectal sex (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.42). CONCLUSION: HIV primary care clinics provide access to patients in need of HIV prevention intervention and are appropriate sites for these activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Risk contexts and risk behaviors in the Euregion Maas-Rhein: the Boule de Neige intervention for AIDS prevention among drug users.

Using targeted sampling, self-reported data of 1,767 drug users in the Euregion Maas-Rhein were collected over 3 years. Forty-two percent of the injection drug users shared syringes with sexual partners and 47.8% with friends. Eighty-one percent of the total sample had sexual contact in the last 6 months, half of whom with one person and half with two or more. Significant predictors of high-risk drug use were injecting in the presence of others, injection onset before the age of 20, female gender, and not living in The Netherlands. Participation in needle exchange or methadone programs and sufficient knowledge of risk factors was not significantly related to a reduction of high-risk drug use behavior. High-risk sexual behavior was found to be related to male gender, under the age of 30 and to multiple sexual partners. We conclude that in a social context where needle exchange, methadone programs, and sufficient knowledge of risk factors among the drug user population exist, AIDS prevention can be improved through behavioral skills training and developing specific interventions that target the peer group environments, rituals, partner relationships, and lifestyles of drug users.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Screening for eating disorders and high-risk behavior: caution.

OBJECTIVE: The current study reviews the state of eating disorder screens. METHODS: Screens were classified by their purported screening function: identification of cases with (a) anorexia nervosa only; (b) bulimia nervosa only; (c) eating disorders in general; (d) partial syndrome, eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), or subclinical; (e) not a-d but at high risk. Information is presented on development, psychometric properties, and external validation (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values). RESULTS: Screens differ widely with regard to objective, psychometric properties and the validation methodology used. Most screens that identify cases are not appropriate for the identification of at-risk behaviors. Little data on the external validity of screens are available. DISCUSSION: Screens should be used with caution. A sequential procedure, in which subjects identified as being at risk during the first stage is followed by more specific diagnostic tests during the second stage, might overcome some of the limitations of the one-stage screening approach.

Feeding and Eating Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Changing AIDS-risk behavior.

This article contains a comprehensive, critical review of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-risk-reduction literature on interventions that have targeted risky sexual behavior and intravenous drug use practices. A conceptually based, highly generalizable model for promoting and evaluating AIDS-risk behavior change in any population of interest is then proposed. The model holds that AIDS-risk reduction is a function of people's information about AIDS transmission and prevention, their motivation to reduce AIDS risk, and their behavioral skills for performing the specific acts involved in risk reduction. Supportive tests of this model, using structural equation modeling techniques, are then reported for populations of university students and gay male affinity group members.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of national estimates of obesity prevalence from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND: Obesity interventions are implemented at state or sub-state level in the United States (US), where only self-reported weight and height data for adults are available from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity generated from self-reported weight and height from BRFSS are known to underestimate the true prevalence. However, whether this underestimation is consistent across different demographic groups has not been fully investigated. METHODS: In this study, we compared the prevalence estimates of obesity (body mass index (BMI) > or =30 kg/m(2)) and overweight (BMI > or =25 kg/m(2)) in different demographic groups in the US from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and BRFSS during 1999-2000. We also compared the rank orders of the obesity and overweight prevalence across different demographic groups from the two data sources. RESULTS: Compared to NHANES, BRFSS underestimated the overall prevalence of obesity and overweight by 9.5 and 5.7 percentage points, respectively. The underestimation differed across different demographic groups: the underestimation of obesity and overweight prevalence was higher among women (13.1 and 12.2 percentage points, respectively) than among men (5.8 and -0.6 percentage points, respectively). The variation of underestimation was higher among men. A clear inverse association between educational attainment and obesity prevalence among non-Hispanic African American women was observed from BRFSS data. However, no such association was found from NHANES. While BRFSS can identify correctly the population with the highest obesity and overweight burden, it did not accurately rank the obesity and overweight prevalence across different demographic groups. CONCLUSION: Compared to NHANES, BRFSS disproportionately underestimates the prevalence of obesity and overweight across different gender, race, age, and education subgroups.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Targeting diabetes preventive care programs: insights from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey.

INTRODUCTION: Many individuals with diabetes do not receive flu or pneumonia vaccinations or dilated eye exams, despite the documented efficacy of these practices. Understanding the individual factors associated with not receiving recommended vaccinations and exams is essential to developing effective targeted promotional programs. METHODS: Data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey were analyzed to identify predictors of failure to report flu and pneumonia vaccinations and dilated eye exams. Key predictors included indicators of disease severity, access to care, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Significant factors varied by vaccination. For all 3 practices, failure to receive was associated with being younger, being a member of an ethnic minority group, having had no diabetes education, not taking insulin, and engaging in fewer prevention practices requiring physician contact. Other salient characteristics included having no health insurance, having less education, and reporting good general health. CONCLUSION: Promotional programs should be tailored for younger, minority patients, and those messages should encourage preventive care despite general good health or less severe disease. Indirect methods of promotion may include participation in diabetes education programs and regular contact with physicians. Additionally, health care professionals may be appropriate target groups for preventive care campaigns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Willingness to use instant home HIV tests: data from the California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey.

OBJECTIVE: Although home collection HIV tests are available in the United States, home HIV tests providing instant results are not available. The objective of this study was to examine willingness to use instant home HIV tests and what test characteristics are most important to individuals. METHODS: Six questions were added to the 1999 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) (n =2964). This state-representative survey is part of the ongoing, 50-state BRFSS sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to examine willingness to use instant home HIV tests and preferences for HIV test characteristics. RESULTS: Over one third (37%) of respondents would consider using an instant home HIV test. Respondents willing to use instant home tests were more likely to be Hispanic (odds ratio [OR]=1.55; confidence interval [CI]=1.03-2.34); to have not previously been tested for HIV (OR=1.72; CI=1.20-2.45); to be more likely to plan to be tested in the next 12 months (OR=1.17; CI=1.00-1.37); and to prefer urine sample collection (OR=1.56; CI=1.03-2.37). CONCLUSION: Over one third of respondents in a large, state-representative sample would consider using an instant home HIV test. Hispanics, individuals who planned to be tested in the next 12 months, and individuals who had never been tested were more willing to use instant home tests.

Adult↗