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Results for “Pigmentation Disorders”

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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Topical mechlorethamine. Cutaneous changes in patients with mycosis fungoides after its administration.

Six patients with mycosis fungoides were treated with topical mechlorethamine hydrochloride for periods of two to four years. Clinical and histological studies for radiomimetic and radiodermatitis-like effects failed to demonstrate any abnormalities. The only observed changes were generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin and melanin-containing melanophages in the papillary dermis. We consider that the long-term use of topical mechlorethamine may be a safe form of therapy, but that a continuous indefinite follow-up of patients on this medication should be mandatory.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Ring chromosome 12.

A ring chromosome 12 (p13.3q24.3) was observed in all cells analyzed from skin fibroblasts and the peripheral blood of a 19-year-old man initially referred for developmental delay with expressive language deficiency. Other phenotypic anomalies included growth deficiency, multiple café-au-lait spots, mild pectus excavatum, glandular hypospadias, left esotropia, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, and hypothyroidism with elevated antithyroid antibodies. The four previously reported cases of r(12) support the theory of a general ring phenotype which is manifested independently of the specific autosome involved and which is characterized by growth failure, moderate mental retardation, and lack of other major phenotypic anomalies. Breakpoints in all cases of r(12) have been assigned to the telomeric regions, suggesting minimal deletion of chromosome material.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pulse duration effects on cutaneous pigment.

Melanin, an endogenous chromophore in pigment containing cells in skin, is being specifically altered by lasers using the principle of selective photothermolysis (SPT). This implies that a combination of specific laser parameters of wavelength, pulse duration, spotsize, and energy density are required to confine the delivered laser energy to the targeted cells alone. Because the bulk of cutaneous pigment is localized to epidermal basal cells, pigmentary incontinence has been found to occur in skin exposed to laser irradiation. This study demonstrates that pulse duration or exposure time of the laser affect the severity of pigmentary incontinence induced. Pigment granules are more abundant, aggregated, and located deeper in the dermis following exposure to 500 nsec pulse duration than 100 nsec at a wavelength of 504 nm. This relationship appears to be independent of the laser energy density used.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Wavelengths for laser treatment of port wine stains and telangiectasia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This report presents analytical modelling of the influence of wavelength on the amount of volumetric rate of heat produced in dermal blood vessels by millisecond laser radiation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new anatomical model is proposed that represents port wine stains as well as telangiectatic lesions. It consists of a target blood vessel, representing the deepest dermal blood vessel that requires irreversible injury, and a layer of whole blood, representing all other dermal blood vessels above the target vessel. The laser light that interacts with the blood vessels is assumed to be diffuse. Selective photothermolysis is the basis for the analysis. We consider wavelengths between 577 nm and 600 nm, the argon laser wavelengths at 488/515 nm, and the frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser wavelength at 532 nm. RESULTS: The rate of volumetric heat production of absorbed laser light in the target blood vessel is expressed analytically as a function of blood absorption, the concentration of additional dermal blood, and the depth of the target vessel. CONCLUSION: The model explains why 585 nm is a good compromise for treating port wine stains that vary widely in number of dermal blood vessels. It predicts that wavelengths between 577 nm and 582 nm are excellent for the treatment of port wine stains in young children, and it suggests a possible explanation as to why the argon laser is sometimes said to be capable of treating dark mature port wine stains. The copper vapour laser wavelength at 578 nm, and the frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser wavelength at 532 nm, are predicted to be suitable for the treatment of port wine stains that contain, respectively, a small to moderate and a moderate number of dermal blood vessels. When laser beam spotsize becomes smaller, the best wavelength for producing maximal rate of heat in the target vessel is predicted to shift to 577 nm.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Increased eyelid pigmentation associated with use of latanoprost.

PURPOSE: To report increased eyelid pigmentation as an adverse side effect associated with topical latanoprost. METHOD: Case report. A 62-year-old Korean woman with normal-tension glaucoma developed bilateral increased eyelid skin pigmentation 4 months after beginning treatment with latanoprost in both eyes. Clinical examinations were performed, and external photographs were taken. RESULT: Latanoprost was discontinued. Periodic examinations revealed that the eyelid skin pigmentation gradually diminished 1 month after the cessation of the drug, and decrease in pigmentation continued over 4 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: An increase in eyelid skin pigmentation is a possible complication of topical latanoprost therapy, and the cessation of the drug can result in loss of induced pigmentation in humans.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1985

Hypomelanosis of Ito associated with benign tumors and chromosomal abnormalities: a neurocutaneous syndrome.

A 14-year-old Japanese boy with hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) who has been followed up from the neonatal period is described. In addition to neurocutaneous symptoms consisting of intractable epilepsy, severe mental retardation, sensory neuropathy and cutaneous hypopigmentation, the following abnormalities were detected; a ventricular septal defect, a mature cystic teratoma in the posterior mediastinum, a diploic epidermoid cyst of the parietal bone and chromosomal abnormalities, i.e. mos, 45, XY, t(14q 21q)/46, XY, t(14q 21q)+mar. This disorder showed not only multisystem involvement but also tumor formation, which had not been reported previously. Because of this, it is better to use the term "Ito syndrome" instead of "HI" or "incontinentia pigmenti achromians (IPA)," which emphasize only the cutaneous symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Pigmentary changes of tinea versicolor in dark-skinned patients.

BACKGROUND: Tinea versicolor causes scaly macular lesions which vary in color from white to brown. In patients with dark skin, tinea versicolor is thought to have a tendency to be hypopigmented. This view has not been formally documented. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the pigmentary changes of lesions of tinea versicolor in patients with skin types IV and V. METHODS: One hundred cases of tinea versicolor in persons with skin types IV and V were studied. The pigmentary changes and their correlation with the age and sex of the patients and the duration, recurrence, site, and symptomatology of the lesions were determined. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the pigmentary variations of tinea versicolor and the type of skin, sex, and age of our patients or the duration, recurrence, site, and symptomatology of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: In dark-skinned individuals, tinea versicolor does not tend to be significantly hypopigmented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The histological and immunohistochemical changes in the skin of patients with melanoma who develop changes in skin pigmentation following immunotherapy.

The histological and immunocytochemical appearances of skin with altered pigmentation from two patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy for melanoma were examined. In both patients, there was a clinical response to treatment coincident with depigmentation of skin and hair. Skin biopsies showed extensive infiltration with CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes rather than CD57+ in the depigmented areas suggestive of a specific MHC-related cytotoxic T-cell activity against melanocytes. In keeping with this, MHCII expression was markedly up-regulated. These observations suggest the development of a simultaneous anti-tumour and anti-melanocyte immune response stimulated by chemoimmunotherapy, possibly against the same or similar antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura.

Seven cases of reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAPK) are described. All the patients were female and the pattern of inheritance suggested an autosomal dominant mode. Histologically, RAPK is characterized by epidermal atrophy, an increased number of basal melanocytes and the absence of pigmentary incontinence in the upper dermis. The present cases, from Asia, Africa and Europe, are the first to be described outside Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Continuous wave dye laser therapy of port wine stains.

A continuous wave dye laser emitting light at 577 nm has been used in the treatment of 100 patients with port wine stains. Subjective assessments in 92 patients revealed an excellent or good result in 63% and a fair result in 17%. There was a 5% incidence of hypertrophic scarring and a 5% incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Overall, 12% of patients experienced a poor result. The best results were obtained in older patients with purple port wine stains.

Adolescent↗