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Results for “Persons with Intellectual Disabilities”

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PubMed2002

The influence of intellectual disability on life expectancy.

BACKGROUND: To date, relatively few representative data have been available to health planners and advocacy groups on the life expectancy of people with intellectual disability. A study of trends in the survival profiles of people with intellectual disability was undertaken to assist in the planning of appropriate medical and support services. METHODS: Since 1953, the Disability Services Commission of Western Australia has maintained a database of persons diagnosed with intellectual disability. The database was used to calculate survival probabilities on a total of 8724 individuals, 7562 of whom were still alive at the time of sampling in December 2000. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival plots showed a strong negative association between severity of intellectual disability and survival, with median life expectancies of 74.0, 67.6, and 58.6 years for people with mild, moderate, and severe levels of handicap. Significant negative associations also were observed with male gender, Indigenous Australian parentage, and individuals diagnosed with a specific genetic disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate a major and expanding increase in the service requirements of this aging, intellectually disabled population during the past two generations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of a video-based error correction procedure for teaching a domestic skill to individuals with developmental disabilities.

We evaluated a video-based error correction procedure for teaching four adults with developmental disabilities to set a table. Video clips were initially used as an antecedent prompt. However, only one of the adults learned to set the table with this procedure. Consequently, the remaining three adults received intervention in which the video clips were also used as part of an error correction procedure. Specifically, if the participant did not complete the step correctly after an initial viewing of the video clip, they were prompted to watch the same video clip a second time and the trainer completed that step of the task if necessary. All three adults reached 100% correct on the task analysis when the error correction procedure was implemented. This error correction procedure may be useful for individuals who fail to learn with video prompting alone.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Using an orientation system for indoor travel and activity with persons with multiple disabilities.

PURPOSE: The study assessed the effectiveness of an orientation system, consisting of a programmable control device linked to acoustic and light sources, for facilitating independent indoor travel and activity in two persons with profound intellectual disability and blindness or severe visual impairment. METHOD: The control device was programmed to activate each destination the persons were to reach and the acoustic or light sources leading to it automatically (i.e. after a preset time from the persons reaching the previous destination). One person was exposed to two baseline phases without the system being alternated with two orientation phases with the system; the other person received only one baseline and one orientation phase. RESULTS: Data showed that during the orientation phases, both persons benefited from the use of the system and could reach the destinations successfully and carry out the activities. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of promoting independent indoor travel and activity in persons with multiple disabilities may have important implications for the condition of these persons and for rehabilitation and care centres.

Acoustic Stimulation↗