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PubMed1989

BioSYNTHESIS: bridging the information gap.

BioSYNTHESIS is a prototype intelligent retrieval system under development as part of the IAIMS project at Georgetown University. The aim is to create an integrated system that can retrieve information located on disparate computer systems. The project work has been divided in two phases: BioSYNTHESIS I, development of a single menu to access various databases which reside on different computers; and BioSYNTHESIS II, development of a search component that facilitates complex searching for the user. BioSYNTHESIS II will accept a user's query and conduct a search for appropriate information in the IAIMS databases at Georgetown. For information not available at Georgetown, such as full text, it will access selected remote systems and translate the search query as appropriate for the target system. The search through various computer systems and different databases with unique storage and retrieval structures will be transparent to the user. BioSYNTHESIS I is complete and available to users. The design work for BioSYNTHESIS II is under development and will continue as a multiyear technical research effort of the proposed Georgetown IAIMS implementation project.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Brief psychotherapy in clinical medicine patients].

The criteria that "illness is biographical crisis od the individual" and that the only medicine is "personal medicine" is stressed. Clinical medicine, which covers medicine in its entirety, demands conceptual and doctrinal reaffirmations so that gradually the patient can come to be dealt with as a human being fron a holistic point of view, which commences with his complaint and consultation, continues with the interview and semiology, to finish with the diagnosis and therapy which, although in some cases it may be surgical, is still medical and integral. All the steps mentioned are bio-socio-cultural thus, whether in the practice of general clinical medicine or in the most specialized and technologically sophisticated clinical medicine, the animist component is not lacking and demands a minimum degree of "psychosomatic" Knowledge. The use of a psychotherapeutic technique is proposed which, while based on the psychoanalysis theory, is distanced technically from it as a "psychotherapy on limited time and goals", which abbreviates the disease, and is projected not as the "focus" of therapeutic work, but as a re-evaluation of the "life style" of each individual, and tends to help to develop a "project for life" suited to the possible personal, familiar and social well-being of the "patient". Technically speaking, this modality of brief psychotherapy is based on the nonuse of transferential interpretations, on impeding the regression od the patient, on facilitating a cognitice-affective development of his conflicts and thus obtain an internal object mutation which allows the transformation of the "past" into true history, and the "present" into vital perspectives. This technique is within reach of every health professional.

Female↗
PubMed2002

The Dar Es Salaam Urban Health Project, Tanzania: a multi-dimensional evaluation.

BACKGROUND: In the 1990s, as a response to rapid urbanization, there were a number of large, urban health initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa. Most tended to be comprehensive as opposed to selective in scope: they aimed at strengthening the health system as a whole, and placed emphasis on delivering improved services at the primary level, with increased community participation. A multi-dimensional approach is required to assess the achievements of such initiatives. METHODS: In 2000 an external evaluation of the Swiss-funded Dar es Salaam Urban Health Project, Tanzania, used 50 key informant interviews, 90 health facility exit interviews, 90 community resident interviews and document analysis to assess achievements over a 10 year period. The study considered achievements in terms of capacity building, improving quality of care, community involvement, inter-sectoral action and sustainability. RESULTS: Although the project achieved improvements in capacity building and in structural and technical quality of care, there were difficulties in generating inter-sectoral action and the concept of participation was limited. However, city-level 'ownership' of the activities was high, and, with the advent of sector-wide allocation of funds (SWAPs) in the health sector in Tanzania, the prospects for sustainability of the achievements made in the project appear to be good. CONCLUSION: Both the multi-dimensional method of the evaluation and the findings can inform future urban health initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa and in other resource-constrained environments. The decentralization that occurred in Dar es Salaam and the general approach of the project provided a platform to test out various elements that are common to health sector reform across developing countries.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1999

[Rural development, household food safety, and nutrition in western Honduras].

The authors studied the impact of a rural development project on household food security and nutrition. A quasi-experimental study design was used to compare the experience of members of thirteen Honduran small-holder farmers groups which had already received a year of credit and technical assistance, with another thirteen groups which had just joined the project, and thirteen control communities. All these communities were followed-up for one year (March/April 1997-March/April 1998). Farmers participating in the project showed a greater increase in maize stores than farmers in the control communities (p = 0.01), but did not increase their dietary energy consumption. There was, however, a small improvement in their dietary diversity (p = 0.01). The impact of the project on the nutritional status of under 5's was complex. The study underlined the importance of monitoring the impact of programs which may affect food and nutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Time and trajectory of convergence to population stationarity with immigration and low fertility.

"Recent research aimed at extending classical stable population theory to include immigration has shown that a stationary population is the long-term equilibrium outcome if, starting from any initial configuration, a population is projected forward under conditions of constant below-replacement fertility, constant mortality, and a constant annual number of immigrants whose age-sex composition is also fixed. This paper addresses two related questions: (1) What path does the projected population follow on its way to a long-term stationary population equilibrium? and (2) How long does it take for a stationary population to be achieved? To answer these questions a formal theory of population dynamics in the below replacement case is developed and then illustrated with a projection of the 1980 U.S. population."

Americas↗
PubMed2006

Enhancing cancer control programmatic and research opportunities for African-Americans through technical assistance training.

African-Americans remain severely underrepresented in cancer control program delivery and research. Community-based organizational leaders and minority junior investigators have received little attention as representatives of target populations, or as agents to deliver and evaluate efforts to eliminate cancer health disparities. This paper describes activities of the National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer II: Network Project, which has sought to address these issues. Community leaders and junior investigators received technical assistance (TA) and mentoring to develop applications for cancer education and community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects. TA was provided to 35 community leaders and 32 junior investigators. Twenty-nine community leaders won funding through the Community Partners for Cancer Education Program. Three pilot research applications were funded. Technical assistance may improve minority recruitment/retention in CBPR cancer control research and enhance understanding and elimination of cancer health disparities among African-Americans. Cancer 2006. (c) American Cancer Society.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2005

Providers' acceptance of telehospice.

BACKGROUND: This research was conducted as part of a telehospice study conducted by researchers at Michigan State University, in a partnership with Hospice of Michigan. The study took place from March 2000 through December 2002. OBJECTIVE: One of the primary objectives of the study was to learn more about how providers feel about the provision of telemedicine services, in this case telehospice. Of particular importance was learning more about how providers' perceptions of services could change over the course of the project as they became more familiar and comfortable with providing telehospice services. Finally, researchers were interested in how the providers' perceptions of telehospice system might influence utilization. SETTING/SUBJECTS: Four Hospice of Michigan offices took part in this telehospice study, two in rural areas and two in urban settings with a total of 187 patients receiving telehospice care. Health providers who offered telehospice services were recruited to share information about their perceptions of the technology. MEASUREMENTS: Providers were surveyed at the beginning and end of the project to track their perceptions of telehospice services. Five focus groups with providers were also conducted over the course of the project to allow providers to elaborate their thoughts and perceptions in greater detail. RESULTS: Actual utilization of the telehospice system did not have a significant impact on perceptions of services; for the most part, providers began the project with pre-conceived notions about the technology and these perceptions held over the course of the project. Even providers who praised the level of training and technical support and who were able to cite success stories did not display a significant change in attitudes toward telehospice. Providers did express concern regarding how telehospice would impact current aspects of their job such as autonomy or mileage reimbursement. CONCLUSIONS: Study results indicate that providers serve as gatekeepers to a new technology and manner of providing care. Telehospice services in this project were primarily provided by a handful of enthusiastic adopters. The results of this study provide important implications if telehospice care is to disseminate for general use among hospice recipients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Scenarios, uncertainty and conditional forecasts of the world population.

This study is concerned with the methods available for the forecasting of future trends in the world's population. Particular attention is given to the problem of the uncertainties that these forecasts include. "The purpose of this paper is to show how subjective and data-based probabilistic assessments of error can be combined, to give a user a realistic assessment of the uncertainty of demographic forecasts, and to apply these concepts to forecasts of the world population. Moreover, we shall show how conditional forecasts can provide a simple conceptual framework in which to view scenarios. They can be particularly useful in the evaluation of proposed policies. Indeed, the so-called environmental impact assessments...that are now mandatory in many countries for major construction projects typically contain elements of conditional forecasting." The concepts discussed are illustrated by comparing a scenario of future global population growth prepared at the Institute of Applied Systems Analysis with a UN population projection.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2004

A human proteome project with a beginning and an end.

Research activities centered on the ensemble of and individual human proteins have taken on numerous guises, some of which fall under the banner of what could be defined as a Human Proteome Project (HPP). However, the latter has yet to take-on the apparent global focus of its predecessor, the Human Genome Project. The reasons for this are both financial and technical. The disparate properties afforded to each protein by a 20-letter code render a single unifying approach difficult to implement, while the current limit of analytical detection has yet to deliver an entire proteome for even the simplest of microbes. The situation is complicated further by the fact that low abundance proteins dominate within any living cell. Thus, enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio by affinity ligands becomes of paramount importance if whole-organism proteomics is to be realized. The generation of such ligands (molecules exhibiting desirable affinity and selectivity for target) could provide the necessary focus and a task list with a definable beginning and end. Such a finite task list is considered essential if an HPP might one day deliver global coverage on a scale seen currently for the total DNA sequence of some 200 living organisms.

Human Genome Project↗
PubMed2000

Developing an automation concept that is right for your laboratory.

BACKGROUND: Trends in laboratory automation and critical project principles and design concepts are presented. APPROACH: MDS AutoLab technology development and automation projects were reviewed. Successful methods and approaches were extracted. ISSUES: Continued pressure on the laboratory to reduce costs and increase productivity has catalyzed dramatic development in laboratory automation. Today, laboratories can choose from a wide range of options. The most effective choices are not always the most obvious and will not be the same for all laboratories. Laboratory automation projects are highly complex and must be planned and managed across clinical, technical, operational, financial, and human dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Success requires excellent communications, an understanding of the risks and barriers, and a dedicated team supported by strong champions throughout the organization. The automation project team will need to use a variety of skills and techniques to evaluate and reengineer processes to identify the highest value targets for automation.

Automation↗
PubMed1998

Design of a virtual reality laboratory for interdisciplinary medical application.

The Department of Medical Informatics of the University of Goettingen sets up a medical interdisciplinary Virtual Reality (VR) laboratory. The interdisciplinary approach for the design of the laboratory is based on a systematic, technical and application-orientated analysis. Its result led to the decision for a CAVE-like multi wall stereo projection (MWSP) system with networked workstation hardware. Within the boundary of an exemplary evaluation of the laboratory, its technical specifications and the validity in neuropsychological tests are supposed to be improved. Both techniques, Head Mounted Display (HMD) as well as multi wall stereo projection (MWSP) systems have a high degree of immersion. MWSP systems have a lower ratio of simulator sickness and a good visual fidelity. They can also be used as a multi-user environment. Networked workstations and high-end-computers are compared in view of their costs and possible expansibility.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2006

Technical development of PubMed interact: an improved interface for MEDLINE/PubMed searches.

BACKGROUND: The project aims to create an alternative search interface for MEDLINE/PubMed that may provide assistance to the novice user and added convenience to the advanced user. An earlier version of the project was the 'Slider Interface for MEDLINE/PubMed searches' (SLIM) which provided JavaScript slider bars to control search parameters. In this new version, recent developments in Web-based technologies were implemented. These changes may prove to be even more valuable in enhancing user interactivity through client-side manipulation and management of results. RESULTS: PubMed Interact is a Web-based MEDLINE/PubMed search application built with HTML, JavaScript and PHP. It is implemented on a Windows Server 2003 with Apache 2.0.52, PHP 4.4.1 and MySQL 4.1.18. PHP scripts provide the backend engine that connects with E-Utilities and parses XML files. JavaScript manages client-side functionalities and converts Web pages into interactive platforms using dynamic HTML (DHTML), Document Object Model (DOM) tree manipulation and Ajax methods. With PubMed Interact, users can limit searches with JavaScript slider bars, preview result counts, delete citations from the list, display and add related articles and create relevance lists. Many interactive features occur at client-side, which allow instant feedback without reloading or refreshing the page resulting in a more efficient user experience. CONCLUSION: PubMed Interact is a highly interactive Web-based search application for MEDLINE/PubMed that explores recent trends in Web technologies like DOM tree manipulation and Ajax. It may become a valuable technical development for online medical search applications.

Consumer Behavior↗