SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The opposition of Cato the Elder and other traditionalists to the introduction of Greek medicine in Rome by Archagathus was the result of several factors: political strife in the Roman nobility, hostility against Greek culture, fear of Archagathus' surgical and pharmaceutical treatments, and loathing for the mercenary character of the medical profession, which was regarded as a sign of luxury.
The political process is a decisive factor in determining how governmental funds are allocated for control of all diseases especially one as highly politicized as AIDS/HIV. This article discusses how this process works and how various community groups such as homosexual men, women, African-Americans, and the elderly are affected by the outcome.
In many ways the reform debate is a struggle among competing ideologies. The risk we take is that the politics becomes more important than the results. For the ordinary citizen, it matters little who gets the credit. What matters is how well the system addresses the critical issues of access coverage, and cost. The choices are difficult. Those who think we have the resources necessary to conquer all our problems fail to admit that the United States is not the Garden of Eden. It would be nice if government were able to legislate away the negative effects of our human nature. But since that is impossible, we must set realistic goals and establish reasonable priorities. The challenge is before us.
This paper is based on the statement in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion that "The fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic prerequisites." It attempts to formulate a progressive political platform for a number of these prerequisites, offering a series of recommendations regarding education, employment, income, and housing, and urging that the proposed programs be funded by progressive taxation and major reductions in the military budget.
To understand why some states have enacted relatively stringent laws to control smoking in public places while others have not, we examined the political evolution of tobacco control initiatives in six states: New York, Minnesota, Florida, Illinois, Texas, and Arizona. Taken together, the case studies demonstrate the difficulties inherent in enacting strong statewide tobacco control legislation. More important, several unmistakable themes emerge from these case studies, shedding light on the barriers to greater legislative success. These themes include the manner in which the legislative debate is framed by antismoking advocates and the tobacco industry, the relative dearth of leadership provided by medical and health organizations, the role of public opinion, and the complex interaction that exists between statewide antismoking legislation and local antismoking ordinances. Understanding how these issues affect legislative outcomes may help antismoking advocates enact future statewide tobacco control initiatives. It may also present lessons applicable to future battles over other public health legislation.
Thirty-three political prisoners on hunger strike (voluntary total fast--VTF) for 6-24 days were admitted to two hospitals in Johannesburg in 1989. They had been detained without trial for 4-32 months. Sound doctor-patient relationships were established by emphasis of the principle of full patient participation in clinical decision-making at every level, by rejection of police interference in patient care, and by refusal to discharge subjects back into detention. Depression and abdominal pains were the predominant symptoms. In 6 lean subjects with complete data the expected initial period of rapid weight loss was not observed. Before hospitalisation most subjects became dehydrated from inadequate fluid intake and an apparent absence of thirst. Serum creatinine concentrations were a better indication of dehydration than serum urea levels. Mild hyponatraemia was found in one-third of patients. Refeeding after 6-27 days of VTF was initiated with a dilute lactose-free formula diet, and was uncomplicated. Close clinical monitoring of subjects during VTF is essential, and it is recommended that prisoners should be admitted to hospital at 10% of weight loss, if not before. The health care of prisoners can best be provided by professionals independent of the police and prison services.
The political economy framework is presented as a guide to investigate pharmaceutical marketing channels. Based on the framework, pharmaceutical marketing channels are conceptualized as four interacting areas: the environment, the economy, the policy, and the performance of the channel. Examples of this approach are illustrated. The usefulness of the framework for future research and management of pharmaceutical marketing channels is discussed, and strengths and weaknesses are identified.
The author points out that the law of reform of mental health has had a strong influence above all upon the pharmacological field. Finally he makes a few remarks about the connections between the practice of psychiatry and political ideologies.
This article provides a historical account of the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes and the involvement of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) in this issue. The article focuses, particularly, on the developments from 1983 to 1989, which in many ways was crucial and determined the future of the WPA. The authors (the first, the President and the second, the Treasurer of the WPA during this period) pay tribute to Dr. Fini Schulsinger, who served as Secretary General. Through his eminent administrative capabilities, his profound understanding of ethical problems and his devotion to the basic principles of the WPA, he has substantially contributed to successfully overcoming a deep crisis with considerable impact on the identity and the moral foundations of the psychiatric profession.
I review the history and politics of Medicare disease prevention policy and identify factors associated with the success or failure of legislative initiatives to add preventive services benefits to Medicare. Between 1965 and 1990, 453 bills for Medicare preventive services were introduced in the U.S. Congress, but not until 1980, after 350 bills had failed, was the first preventive service added to the Medicare program. Medicare currently pays for only four of the 44 preventive services recommended for the elderly by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccinations, Pap smears, and mammography). In addition, Congress has funded demonstration programs for the influenza vaccine and comprehensive preventive services. The preventive services added to Medicare reflect the bias of the biomedical model toward screening and immunizations. Counseling services have received the least legislative attention. Factors associated with successful enactment include single-benefit bills, incorporation into budget-deficit reduction legislation, documented evidence of cost-effectiveness, public hearings, sponsorship by chairs of key congressional committees, and persistent congressional leadership. Factors associated with failure include lack of support from Medicare beneficiaries, lack of professional support, impact on total Medicare expenditures, disagreement over or failure to address payment and financing mechanisms, and competing congressional priorities.
Dr. Lewis Draper represented a rural Saskatchewan riding in the provincial legislature from 1991 to 1995. In this article he muses on the highs and lows of his career in politics.
The American Nurses Association has stated that every patient needs a nurse, and they are right. But what do patients need a nurse to do? Politics has arisen around this issue in two ways: the development of new patient care delivery system models that use unlicensed assistive personnel to help professional staff, and a decrease in inpatient census has been seen throughout the country, resulting in changes in jobs and job locations. We argue that the best way to deal with these two factors is for nurses to redefine their functions, to focus on the professional aspects of care that only they can deliver and to keep open minds about where the delivery of services may take place. In the long run, this approach will take the profession much farther than blind adherence to outdated tradition.
This study includes a presentation and analysis about the woman's problematic. It considers the woman social condition according to the androgynors ideology of the society. Briefly it presents a historical evolution of the woman in accord with the gender analysis. On the other hand, it presents too, an analysis of the health and the public politics in relation to the woman in Latin America, mainly in Peru, since the Incanato period, justifying the motives of the formulation and implementation of the Family Planning Program, the Responsible Paternity Program and Child and Mother Attention Program.
Policy to subsidize the education of health professionals in the United States has become contentious and uncertain. This article examines the politics of workforce policy in the twentieth century, emphasizing the years since World War II. From early in the century until the 1970s, most decision makers viewed policy to subsidize the education of health professionals as self-evidently correct. As consensus eroded, proponents insisted to increasingly skeptical audiences that these subsidies created benefits for the public. Recently, decision makers outside health care institutions have come to regard workforce policy as serving particular rather than general interests. Thus health workforce policy, like other policies outside of health affairs, may be said, perhaps oversimply but not inaccurately, to have gone through three stages: from piety to platitudes to pork.
When it comes to breast cancer screening, science takes a backseat to the politics of fear. In fact, researchers can't even decide whether to recommend routine screenings for women in their 40s.
Hospitals engage in a variety of strategies designed to anticipate, shape, and respond to public policy issues. This article describes corporate political strategy and argues for its need throughout a public policy issue's life cycle.
It must be remembered that a vision exists and there are means to accomplish this vision. We have identified dialogue, collaboration, building of relationships, unity, activism, and research as the key ingredients that need to be fostered. The challenge is here. Caring is being legislated. It is up to all of us, nurses and consumers alike, to retain caring as a health factor. For nurses, what better way to express our capacity than in accepting the torch of political activism. It is our turn!
On account of the current wave of environmental consciousness, the state is adapting to the phenomena of systems of negotiations outside of the traditional institutional framework on environmental issues in an attempt to preserve cultural support. However recent experiments in discursive democracy have proven to be a modality for the transmission of productivist culture and for the reassertion of corporatist tendencies. This interpretation finds support here primarily through a discourse analysis based on a three-dimensional framework. The analysis begins by examining the structure of discursive formations of various participating actors at the Irish National Recycling Conference in 1993, and explores the ways in which actors struggled at the symbolic level to define the rules constitutive of this space of play. It argues from the perspective of discourse as social practice and justifies this approach by assessing the degree of synchronization between collective actors' systems of discursivity and the socially structured institutional sites within which they are embedded. Finally, by examining the position of this field vis-à-vis the field of political power, this research will show how broader relations of domination and traditional power asymmetries came to be reasserted in a 'new' participatory arrangement.