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PubMed1987

[A case of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the posterior cervical portion].

This case involves a 16-year-old woman with a posterior cervical tumor. Histologically, it was found to be a extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). Immunohistochemically, IgG was present in the plasma cells that were shown to be atypia by the PAP method. Laboratory data revealed no other abnormalities. A surgical excision of the tumor was performed with a dissection of the relevant lymph nodes. Although irradiation and chemotherapy were administered postoperatively, multiple bone metastasis was found a month after the operation, and the patient died 8 months later.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronosynergistic effects of lighting schedule-shift and cefodizime on plasmacytoma growth and host survival time.

Lighting regimen shifts can modify the effects of cefodizime, for the purpose of a chronoimmunomodulation. Two experiments were carried out on male and female LOU rats inoculated subcutaneously with plasmacytoma cells. Some rats were kept on their original LD12:12 regimen, whereas others, after tumor implantation, were subjected every second day to 6-h shifts, instituted, in alternation, as advance or delay. Daily treatment with cefodizime or placebo started when, overall, about 50% of the animals had developed a palpable tumor. A subgroup of animals contributed daily smears for the determination of the estrus cycle and further provided core temperature and activity data by telemetry. In Experiment I, the repeated shifting of the LD regimen was associated with survival time prolongation (p less than 0.05), irrespective of drug administration. Moreover, in those (female) rats repeatedly exposed to shifts of the lighting schedule, cefodizime was found to prolong survival time (p less than 0.05). The effects of cefodizime vs placebo on survival time were found to be circadian stage-dependent. In Experiment II, differing from Experiment I in the initial conditions before the institution of the shifts, cefodizime treatment was associated with a prolongation of survival time of the female rats kept on a fixed LD12:12 regimen. Both male and female rats again showed a circadian stage-dependence of the cefodizime effect. These results suggest that interactions between synchronizers of rhythms (such as shifts of the lighting regimen, the latter simulating the daily routine) and immunomodulating agents such as cefodizime may be optimized to improve treatment strategies against cancer and other diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Density of TEPC-15 plasmacytoma cells as function of size.

TEPC-15 plasmacytoma cells were observed under the microscope, as they sedimented at 1 G in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. A mean density of 1.0422 g/cm3 (30 degrees C) was found. The density difference of smaller cells (15 micron diameter) was significantly higher than the density difference of larger cells (25 micron diameter). The ratio in density difference was close to 3.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hybrid resistance to BALB/c plasmacytomas: F1 hybrid anti-MPC-11 immunological responses correlated with resistance to tumor challenge.

BALB/cJ X C57BL/10Sn F1 (hereafter called B10F1) hybrids resist challenge with the BALB/c plasmacytoma, MPC-11, by a radiation-sensitive, silica-insensitive mechanism, whereas BALB/cJ X BALB.B F1 (hereafter called BALB.BF1) hybrids are as susceptible to MPC-11 as are homozygous BALB/c mice themselves. To investigate the mechanism of resistance, we have compared anti-MPC-11 immune responses by these F1 hybrids both before and at various times after tumor challenge. Resistance is not determined by natural killer cell reactivity inasmuch as neither hybrid harbors splenic natural killer cells with lytic activity directed against MPC-11. Nor is it determined by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity since neither hybrid produces an appropriate anti-MPC-11 antibody. Spleen cells and lymph node cells from both hybrids are capable of generating high levels of anti-MPC-11 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in both primary and secondary mixed-lymphocyte tumor cell cultures. Such cytotoxic T-lymphocytes protect susceptible hybrids from tumor growth in Winn assays. The susceptible but not the resistant hybrids lose the ability to generate high levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes activity in spleen mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures by 28 days, and in lymph node mixed-lymphocyte tumor cell cultures by 14 days postchallenge. The reduction in spleen cell reactivity is due to suppression mainly by adherent cells and can be abrogated by pretreatment of the susceptible hybrids with a low dose of Cytoxan 2 days before challenge. This pretreatment does not, however, protect the mice. They develop tumor at the same rate and die at the same time as do controls. Both the late appearance of suppression and the lack of effect on survival of its ablation suggest it to be a concomitant of tumor growth rather than its cause. Resistance to tumor growth in this model system may reflect an enhanced ability of the resistant hybrid to deliver effector cells to the site of tumor implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Extramedullary plasmacytoma associated with angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia.

We report a case of hyaline-vascular type of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia involving the left pulmonary lymph nodes and lung. It clinically presented as an obstruction of the left lower lobe main bronchus secondary to the development of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in the lesion. An immunoperoxidase stain revealed a monoclonal IgG-lambda pattern of the tumor, contrasting with the polyclonal plasma cell population of the angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. This case demonstrates the neoplastic potential of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Plasmacytoma of the thyroid: a case report, a study with use of the immunoperoxidase technique, and a review of the literature.

A case of solitary plasmacytoma of the thyroid is reported. A monoclonal component (IgG lambda) was identified in the serum of the patient and disappeared after total thyroidectomy and radiotherapy. The use of the immunoperoxidase technique on thyroid, bone marrow, and lymph node specimens allowed us to demonstrate the production of IgG lambda by the tumor, and to rule out the possibility of multiple myeloma. Previously reported cases are reviewed (15 cases). The diagnostic criteria, the association with thyroiditis, and the treatment of this rare disorder are discussed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1987

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the mediastinum.

A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma originating from the upper mediastinum is described. Its pathologic, cytologic and immunohistopathologic findings were distinctive. The neoplastic cells had dense bodies in the cytoplasm. Neither M-protein in the serum nor Bence Jones protein in the urine was detected. However, cellular IgG, having a lambda-type light chain was shown, by immunohistochemical staining following trypsin digestion, to be present in the tissue sections.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of low-dose melphalan treatment against a nonimmunogenic primary induced mouse plasmacytoma.

The fourth i.p. passage of the plasmacytoma "PR" induced by repeated i.p. injections was used for testing chemotherapy with melphalan. The development of "PR" ascitic tumours was slower and the survival time of inoculated mice was longer than that of MOPC-315 inoculated mice. Moreover, the myeloma protein secreted by the "PR" tumour cells, differed from MOPC-315 secreted myeloma protein in its electrophoretic mobility (fast gamma-2) and its characteristics as IgG immunoglobulin. Chemotherapy by a single injection of melphalan 7.5 mg/kg was effective in preventing the development of both MOPC-315 ascitic tumours and "PR" ascitic tumours. Mice cured from MOPC-315 tumours, however, developed antitumour response as shown by resistance to challenge with a high tumourigenic dose and by development of cytotoxic response in vitro against MOPC-315 tumour cells by spleen cells taken from the cured mice. On the other hand, mice cured from "PR" tumour by melphalan were highly susceptible to challenge and their spleen cells were not able to develop a cytotoxic response in vitro against target "PR" tumour cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Plasmacytoma of the ileum complicating Crohn's disease: report of a case and review of the literature.

Portions of the gastrointestinal tract involved with Crohn's disease are at increased risk of undergoing neoplastic change. Most of these neoplasms are adenocarcinomas. We recently encountered the first reported patient with a solitary plasmacytoma of the ileum arising in an area of preexisting active Crohn's disease. This case is presented along with a review of the literature dealing with lymphoproliferative disorders in bowel affected with Crohn's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Development of resistance to MOPC-315 plasmacytoma after intralesional and intraperitoneal melphalan therapy of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. II. Enhancement of in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity by combined chemotherapy-immunotherapy.

As previously reported, tumor-bearing BALB/c mice can be cured by split-course melphalan therapy, with 40-60% of the treated animals developing resistance to subsequent challenge with viable MOPC-315. The present study deals with the identification of effector-cytotoxic cells that may be developed as a result of chemotherapy-induced tumor regression and their possible potentiation by active, specific immunization with melphalan- and glutaraldehyde-treated MOPC-315 plasmacytoma cells. The cytotoxic potential of spleen-derived lymphocytes in treated animals could be demonstrated only after in vitro sensitization against mitomycin-treated MOPC-315 cells. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, as measured against syngeneic 51Cr-labeled MOPC-315, could be detected in melphalan-cured animals and was significantly enhanced by active immunization as compared to the cytotoxicity seen in normal and tumor-bearing mice. With the use of M109 syngeneic, unrelated tumor cells as control targets in the assay, no cytotoxicity was detected. Macrophage cytotoxicity was not significantly enhanced in any of the treatment groups described, with these assays performed 6-8 weeks following treatment and cure. When in vitro killing of MOPC-315 targets was tested with the use of peritoneal macrophages harvested shortly following cure of ascitic tumor by ip injected melphalan, the cytotoxic response was significantly enhanced. In conclusion, following chemotherapy-mediated cure of established MOPC-315 tumors, splenic lymphocytes exhibited enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity, which was further augmented by active immunization. Macrophage activation, as measured by direct cytotoxicity against MOPC-315 targets, was found to occur locally and early following the event of melphalan-induced tumor regression.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Isolation, purification, and characterization of a mouse plasmacytoma cell surface glycoprotein involved in the resistance of the tumor cells to immune destruction.

Cells of a subline of the mouse plasmacytoma LPC-1 are resistant to lysis by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, probably as a result of the blocking of the major histocompatibility gene complex-encoded cell surface antigens by a trypsin-sensitive glycoprotein of approximately 160 kilodaltons. This glycoprotein (gp 160) was extracted from LPC-1 cells with 1.5 M urea and was further purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. The gp 160 consists of a single peptide chain rich in sialic acid residues (10% of total molecular weight) and has an acidic isoelectric point. The amino acid composition of gp 160 is compatible with the linkage of carbohydrates (galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid) to the protein portion. The apparent weak attachment of gp 160 to the cell membrane could explain the finding that LPC-1 cells easily revert from the resistant to the sensitive to the immune lysis phenotype.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Cultivation of human plasmacytoma cells].

Current knowledge of primary culturing and establishment of continuous cell lines from human plasmacytomas are reviewed. The cells derived from chronic monoclonal tumors are capable of proliferating in culture no more than for 3 weeks. The enrichment of the media with nutrient supplements and growth factors does not improve the cell survival. Most of the described stable cell lines were derived from malignancies of the late stages of tumor progression. Cell lines producing complete molecules of immunoglobulins were established with the aid of sophisticated culturing methods. The microenvironment and growth factors in culture system favoured the survival of transformed plasma cells which retained a high level of differentiation.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1985

Plasmacytoma with oncocytic changes. A case report.

In this report we will document a readily identifiable, morphologic variant of plasma cells in an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cell cytoplasm was almost completely occupied by proliferating mitochondria. Localized areas of endoplasmic reticulum were, however, also noted. The light microscopic features of this tumor (i.e. foamy eosinophilic cytoplasm) and special staining (methyl green pyronin (MGP) characteristics were compatible with the fine-structural details of these cells. The usefulness of obtaining a clinical/pathological correlation for the behavior of this type of tumor is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Temporary disappearance ("eclipse") of LPC-1 plasmacytoma M component synthesis following tumor cell transfer.

The early phase of LPC-1 plasmacytoma development was studied by in vivo labeling with [6-14C]arginine using its M component (immunoglobulin G 2a,kappa) as marker. At a time when M component was not detected or faint by protein staining of electrophoretograms, significant labeling of M component was detectable by autoradiography. Labeling of the M component was fairly constant for the first 10 hr but was markedly decreased from Days 1 to 7. Nadir (0 to 3% of initial 30-min value) was observed on Day 3. Recovery of M component labeling to the 30-min level was complete by Day 13. This period of marked reduction or "eclipse" in newly synthesized M component was shortened by 2 days when mice were pretreated with pristane or cyclophosphamide prior to tumor cell transfer. The eclipse period was also 2 days shorter in athymic BALB/c-nu/nu mice than in normal BALB/c mice. The eclipse period corresponds to the classical "lag" following tumor cell transfer before tumor growth can be detected by conventional methods. The sensitivity of the [6-14C]arginine pulse permits the in vivo detection of small numbers of tumor cells (as few as 10(6) cells) over the early time periods after cell transfer. Modification of eclipse by manipulating host and/or tumor cells may elucidate the accompanying cellular and biochemical events.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Hybrid resistance to BALB/c plasmacytomas. I. Resistance to MPC-11 controlled by a locus not linked to H-2.

Genetic control of hybrid resistance to the BALB/c plasmacytoma MPC-11 was investigated. The results indicate that a single dominant autosomal gene or gene complex, which segregates independently of H-2 and the coat color c and b-loci, controls resistance to this tumor. This gene has the same strain distribution pattern in the CXB Bailey recombinant inbred strains as three unlinked genes, H-2, Ly-4, and Ea-4. It is possible, therefore, that it could be linked to either of the latter two loci. Strains that carry a positive allele for resistance are C57BL/10 and all of its congenic resistant partners tested, C57BL/6, C57L, C57BL/Ks, AKR, and DBA/1. BALB/c and its congenic resistant partners are presumed to carry a negative allele of the gene for resistance to MPC-11. Strains such as SJL, DBA/2, and A and its congenic resistant partners, which form susceptible hybrids with BALB/c, could carry either the negative allele of the gene for resistance, like BALB/c, or could carry both a positive allele of the gene and some other gene conferring susceptibility on the hybrids. Heterozygosity within the H-2 complex increases resistance only in the presence of this non-H-2 linked gene for resistance, and the effect maps to the left of the H-2D region.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of splenectomy on the immune response of BALB/c mice bearing an immunoglobulin M plasmacytoma (TEPC-183).

Mice bearing TEPC-183, an immunoglobulin M(kappa)-secreting plasmacytoma, exhibit severe suppression of their immune responses to both thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, and the type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide SSS-III. This immunosuppression is not lifted by splenectomy of the tumor-bearing mice or prevented by removal of the spleen prior to tumor injection. On the contrary, splenectomy either before or after tumor implantation further accentuates the immunosuppressed state of tumor bearers and even depresses the immune response of normal mice. A secondary immune response of normal mice 34 to 51 days after splenectomy is still reduced. Thus, spleen cells may play a dual role. While splenectomy may remove a source of suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice, it also eliminates a major source of antibody-producing cells and results in reduced immune responses of normal and TEPC-183-bearing mice. These findings have clinical relevance since splenectomy is used as a therapeutic and diagnostic procedure in neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A reappraisal of the stathmokinetic technique. I. An experimental study of a murine plasmacytoma with special reference to metaphase degeneration.

An "in vivo" study of metaphase degeneration in the murine plasmacytoma (MPC 11) over 8.5 h after mitotic arrest with vincristine sulphate and labelling with 3H-TdR is described. The main points to emerge were that: (1) Metaphase degeneration becomes apparent from the decline in the unlabelled metaphase collection function after 3 to 4 h; (2) the decline is such that by 8.5 h approximately 25% of the metaphases which were present in the tissue at 3 h are no longer identifiable entities; (3) No circadian variation in the mitotic index was found; (4) 3H-TdR may have a retarding effect on the entry of labelled cells into mitosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Continuous cytotoxic T cell lines reactive against murine plasmacytoma tumor-associated antigens.

Continuous cytotoxic T cell lines against murine tumor-associated antigens (TAA) were generated from normal BALB/c and (C57BL/6 X BALB/c)F1 spleen lymphocytes by sensitizing these cells in vitro to the BALB/c plasmacytoma (PCT) MPC-11. These cytotoxic T cell lines (CTLL) were maintained for periods of over 1 yr in T cell growth factor from cultures of mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells. The lines were highly cytotoxic against the immunizing tumor, as well as against a select number of other tumor cell lines, and the patterns of reactivity of 3 of these lines against the various tumor cell targets indicated that these lines each recognized different PCT TAA. The antigens recognized included an MHC-restricted PCT antigen, an antigen shared by PCT and T lymphomas, and an MPC-11 unique PCT antigen. phenotypic characterization of the CTLL populations for cell surface marker expression indicated that they were largely homogeneous with respect to their differentiation state, and expressed Thy-1.2, Lyt-2, Lyt-3.2, and T30 antigens on their cell surface. In addition, 1 of the lines demonstrated variable low-level expression of Lyt-1. Thus, the populations were characteristics of mature T cells, and did not express cell surface markers characteristic of other lymphocyte subpopulations.

Animals↗