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PubMed1992

Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in reducing pesticide-related illness in farmers.

American farmers are a specific population with specific health concerns, and there is little in the literature that addresses nursing care of farmers. The farmer needs to be educated and assessed for the potential of poisoning injury related to pesticide exposure. Studies done by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and others have shown a somewhat greater risk of specific cancers in farmers using pesticides. Acute exposures and chronic conditions resulting from years of exposure to pesticides are oftentimes not attributed to pesticides. By use of the nursing process, nurses can develop programs at all levels of prevention to deal with this problem. This article describes such programs, as well as providing resources useful in their development.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Correlation of nurses' knowledge and valuation of the quality assurance process.

Nurses are expected to use the QA process as a means of improving the quality of patient care and as a means of professional accountability. The responsibility for preparing nurses to meet this expectation falls first on nurse educators and then on nurse administrators. If a positive relationship had been found between nurses' knowledge of and valuation of the QA process, nurse educators and administrators could have used the relationship in curriculum development and in continuing education planning for students and nurses. By including QA theory and process in nursing curricula, beginning with early nursing education and continuing through educational inservice sessions in the workplace, nurses would be more likely to internalize the concepts of QA. With earlier and continued exposure to the concepts of QA, nurses should gain both knowledge and valuation of the process and would subsequently be better prepared to use the QA process. Since participation in QA activities has been identified as a required function in nursing, there is a need in nursing education and practice for the development of QA programs that attract the attention and participation of staff nurses. To facilitate the development of such programs, the variables that influence nurses' use of the QA process must be identified. As long as the profession of nursing and the regulating bodies over nursing require accountability for professional services and the improvement of patient care in the form of QA programs, nurses' use of the QA process will be of major importance. Some research suggests that implicit or explicit norms of accountability or responsibility regulate individual conduct, rather than personal valuation of the activity. This proposition could be the focus of future studies in nursing QA. Previous studies point to the fact that increased knowledge of a subject or phenomenon is positively related to personal valuation and activity related to the subject or phenomenon. Although this relationship was not found in this study, identification of factors that contribute to an increased valuation of or participation in nursing QA activities should continue to be the subject of nursing research.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Nursing information processing abilities: A comparison of nursing managers and staff nurses.

We studied the acquisition of nursing information processing skills among nursing managers and staff nurses at facilities where electronic patient charts had been introduced. The results show that computer skills can be acquired naturally through frequent use, suggesting a relatively low need for education in this area. In contrast, education is urgently required in order to improve the acquisition of information knowledge/skills among all nursing professionals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The reorganization of the nursing labor process: from team to primary nursing.

The author presents a labor process analysis of recent changes in nursing work on hospital wards. In the immediate post-World War II decades, hospital nursing was organized to include stratified nurses--registered and auxiliary nurses (licensed practical nurses and nurses' aides)--in a common labor process called "team nursing." Team nursing adapted Taylorist principles to sharply demarcate tasks between registered nurses (RNs) and auxiliaries. In the 1970s and 1980s, team nursing increasingly replaced by "primary nursing" with a majority of RNs. Auxiliaries were displaced as RNs assumed undivided responsibility for complete nursing care. The transition to primary nursing is partly explained through the convergence of managerial interests with the professionalizing interests of nursing's elite. However, primary nursing was not simply imposed from the top down. Team nursing produced divisiveness between RNs and auxiliaries at the same time that it forced these workers to violate the official differentiation of tasks and held RNs responsible for work performed by auxiliaries. Primary nursing eliminates the problems of team nursing as RNs perform reunified tasks in an unmediated RN-patient relationship. However, primary nursing has produced a new set of contradictions, including an intensified labor process.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2005

ISO reference terminology models for nursing: applicability for natural language processing of nursing narratives.

Natural language processing (NLP) systems have demonstrated utility in parsing narrative texts for purposes such as surveillance and decision support. However, there has been little work related to NLP of nursing narratives. The purpose of this study was to compare the semantic categories of a NLP system (Medical Language Extraction and Encoding [MedLEE] system) with the semantic domains, categories, and attributes of the International Standards Organization (ISO) reference terminology models for nursing diagnoses and nursing actions. All but two MedLEE diagnosis and procedure-related semantic categories mapped to ISO models. In some instances, we found exact correspondence between the semantic structures of MedLEE and the ISO models. In other situations (e.g. aspects of Site or Location), the ISO model was not as granular as MedLEE. For clinical procedure and non-invasive examination, two ISO nursing action model components (Action and Target) mapped to a single MedLEE semantic category. The ISO models are applicable to NLP of nursing narratives. However, the ISO models require additional specification of selected semantic categories for the abstract semantic domains in order to achieve the objective of using NLP to parse and encode data from nursing narratives. Our analysis also suggests areas for extension of MedLEE particularly in regard to represent nursing actions.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical decision making and critical thinking in the nursing diagnostic process].

The daily routine requires complex thinking processes of nurses, but clinical decision making and critical thinking are underestimated in nursing. A great demand for educational measures in clinical judgement related with the diagnostic process was found in nurses. The German literature hardly describes nursing diagnoses as clinical judgements about human reactions on health problems / life processes. Critical thinking is described as an intellectual, disciplined process of active conceptualisation, application and synthesis of information. It is gained through observation, experience, reflection and communication and leads thinking and action. Critical thinking influences the aspects of clinical decision making a) diagnostic judgement, b) therapeutic reasoning and c) ethical decision making. Human reactions are complex processes and in their course, human behavior is interpreted in the focus of health. Therefore, more attention should be given to the nursing diagnostic process. This article presents the theoretical framework of the paper "Clinical decision making: Fostering critical thinking in the nursing diagnostic process through case studies".

Decision Making↗
PubMed2000

[The process of nursing care in mental health].

This is an essay about the nursing working process in mental health. Several conceptions have substantiated the psychiatric assistance, as well as the proposals of reorientation of those practices; nursing practices have been related to that process. The professionals' standpoint determines the choice of a tendency and the understanding of the health-illness process. The need of reviewing the nursing working object, as well as its practice in view of the transformations in mental health assistance, has pointed towards new professional attitudes regarding the person with psychic disorders, as well as towards the acquisition of knowledge besides that one obtained at college courses.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Values that guide the decision process in nursing].

The aim of this study is to identify the values raised by a group of nurses from a health care institution, and to understand in which way these values can interfere in nursing management activities. This study was based on Methodological Triangle which envolves both quantitative and qualitative methods. It was held at a philantropic hospital in São José do Rio Preto with nurses who work in specialized areas with in-patients. The data were collected using a questionnaire in which three situations were presented covering usual incidents to nurses. These situations required important decisions to be made based on personal values. The results showed that for nurses, honesty, self-control and responsibility are inter-related; usually, the nurses demonstrated tolerance, understanding and solidarity. But, many times, nurses are condescending to their subordinates when their professional competence is not required. However, when trying to attain social recognition, nurses are keen and they can punish their subordinates.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

[The planning process in nursing in a teaching hospital].

The aim of this research was to identify the theoretical methodological model that are basing the development of the management function in planning, according the nursing practices, in the School Hospital of the University of São Paulo. Based on the results the nurses emphasized the importance of introducing the reference of planning strategies in the practice in order to make changes.

Brazil↗