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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Uses of immunology in veterinary helminthology].

The uses of immunology in veterinary helminthology are reviewed. The potentialities of sero-epidemiology in bovine nematode infections are stressed. Examination of sera using the ELISA technique offers good opportunities to study the epidemiology of infections, particularly in older cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[2-(Guanidino)-anilides and related compounds. Synthesis and anthelmintic effect. 3. Anthelmintics].

Anilides bearing a guanidino, thioallophanato, isothioallophanato or amidino group in the ortho position were synthesised (6) for investigations of their anthelmintic effects, and tested against sheep trichostrongylides. The most active anilides are those containing a 5-alkylthio, 5-alkylsulphinyl (alkyl = C3H7, C4H9), 5-phenylthio, 5-phenylsulphinyl or 4-phenylsulphonyloxy group, and a guanidino group substituted at both nitrogen atoms by a methoxycarbonyl group. The most active anthelmintic anilides are the form-, propion-, butyr- and methoxy-acetanilides (e.g. 60, 61, 66, 95, 100, 110). Of the guanidines unsubstituted at N' and N", the 2-guanidino-5-phenylthio-2-methoxyacetanilide (123) and the 2-guanidino-5-phenylsulphinyl-2-methoxyacetanilide (152) were more active than parbendazole. From the class of bismethoxycarbonylguanidines (6 alpha), which are also the most interesting products in terms of stability, febantel (110, Rintal) has been introduced into veterinary practice for the treatment of nematode infections in horses, cattle, sheep and swine.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serodiagnosis of onchocerciasis using micro-ELISA. Study of 450 sera and comparison with indirect immunofluorescence].

The microtest ELISA has been used for human Onchocerciasis serological study. The antigens employed were adult Onchocerca volvulus extracts, collected from dissected nodules, delipidized and cleared from human proteins by affinity Chromatography. Under the circumstances, the positivity limit of the test seems excellent (maximum )D: 0,23) defined with 171 negative sera, 66 of them taken from Africans. Specificity controls were studied with 56 heterologous sera; cross-reactions occurred with hydatidosis and especially wit various nematode infections, in particular loasis. With reagents and technical conditions used, the specificity limit of the test corresponds to an OD of 0,4 (measured with a 3 mm optical course). The diagnosis value of the test was verified by studying sera from 90 individuals wit a positive skin biopsy and with sera from 233 adults living in endemic areas. For all the infected people, the global percentage of positivity with ELISA is not greater than that with indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (85%). On the other hand, the micro-test ELISA seems slightly more sensitive in detection of high serological positivities. We did not find any statistically relationship presence and quantity of microfilarial worms in skin biopsy and positivity with the microtest ELISA. Likewise, in some polyinfested patients (with Onchocerca volvulus and Dipetalonema perstans or Wuchereria bancrofti), we did not observe any correlation between the results given the microtest ELISA and the quantity of microfilariae in the blood stream.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1975

Shrews: a review of the diseases, anomalies, and parasites.

The diseases, lesions, congenital disorders, and parasites of both Insectivora and prosimian shrews were reviewed. Preliminary baseline data provide encouraging prospects for using these animals as research models because few spontaneous diseases and lesions have been reported. It must be pointed out, however, that throughout the literature reviewed, clinical histories were incomplete and histopathologic examinations had seldom been performed, particularly with the parasitic entities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis].

We describe the case of a 33 year-old woman who was hospitalized for ascites, abdominal pain and food allergy. Blood samples and histologic examination of a jejunal specimen removed by laparotomy revealed that the patient suffered from eosinophilic gastroenteritis. This disease is classified among the hypereosinophilic syndromes, and food allergy may be of etiologic importance. Clinically eosinophilic gastroenteritis may present with ascites, malabsorption or gut obstruction. The eosinophilic blood cell count is usually elevated and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually normal or slightly increased. Polyarteritis nodosa, Crohn's disease and nematodal infections of the gut must be excluded. Most patients respond well to corticosteroid therapy and the long-term prognosis is good, even though the disease is chronic in nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lymphatic filariasis in immigrants from developing countries.

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by a nematodal infection with Wuchereria or Brugia species. It occurs in endemic areas throughout the tropical parts of the world, with a predilection for developing countries where poor socioeconomic conditions are favorable for mosquito vector breeding. Between 1983 and 1993, more than 3 million immigrants to the United States reported their native residence to be a country with areas of endemic filariasis. These immigrants comprise approximately 1 percent of the U.S. population. Thus, it is likely that patients with lymphatic filariasis present within the American health care system and may be overlooked. The primary care physician should be familiar with the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures and treatment of lymphatic filariasis.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The interrelation of the phospholipid composition of the lungs in sheep and of the nematode Dictyocaulus filaria].

The effect of nematodes Dictyocaulus (D) filaria on phospholipid (PL) composition in the homogenate of sheep lungs has been demonstrated. The comparative analysis has shown no differences in the content and composition of PL in the lungs of healthy sheep and in nematodes. Infection of sheep by helminths was found to result in changes in the PL composition of sheep lungs. Thus, it is possible to conclude that D. filaria affecting structural and functional systems of the host causes changes in its PL content.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A phosphorylcholine-containing filarial nematode-secreted product disrupts B lymphocyte activation by targeting key proliferative signaling pathways.

Filarial nematodes infect more than 100 million people in the tropics, causing elephantiasis, chronic skin lesions, and blindness. The parasites are long-lived as a consequence of being able to evade the host immune system, but an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this evasion remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that ES-62 (2 microg/ml), a phosphorylcholine (PC)-containing glycoprotein released by the rodent filarial parasite Acanthocheilonema viteae, is able to polyclonally activate certain protein tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activating protein kinase signal-transduction elements in B lymphocytes. Although this interaction is insufficient to cause B lymphocyte proliferation per se, it serves to desensitize the cells to subsequent activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase and Ras mitogen-activating protein kinase pathways, and hence also to proliferation, via the Ag receptor. The active component of ES-62 appears to be PC, a molecule recently shown to act as an intracellular signal transducer, as the results obtained with ES-62 are broadly mimicked by PC alone. As PC-containing secreted products (PC-ES) are also released by human filarial parasites, our data suggest that PC-ES, by interfering with B cell function, could play a role in prolonging filarial infection in parasitized individuals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

A study of acute "short-wind" (pneumonia) in village pigs of Papua New Guinea.

Observations were made over a 12-month period in two villages of the incidence and nature of an acute pneumonia syndrome of village pigs. A detailed ante-mortem and post-mortem examination was made of seven pigs with acute pneumonia, "short-wind". The principal ante-mortem findings were gross malnourished stunted young pigs with severe respiratory embarrassment. Post-mortem examination revealed acute bacterial pneumonia, superimposed on existing chronic enzootic and lungworm pneumonia. No single bacterial species was constantly isolated, Pastuerella spp. and Staphylococcus were the most frequently isolated. The pathogenesis of the disease is discussed. It is suggested that enzootic pneumonia is not a significant limiting factor in traditional pig husbandry. Low nutritional status and heavy nematode infections resulting in increased susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia of pigs are thought to be responsible for the high incidence and mortality from acute pneumonia.

Animals↗