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PubMed1992

Oral diagnostic reporting and synchronized image filing using magneto-optical disks.

An experimental radiologic reporting system has been developed and tested. The rewritable and compact magneto-optical disk (MOD) is applied to storing medical images with oral diagnostic reports of these radiologic images. The disk is 5.25 inches in diameter, has 600 MB memory capacity, is erasable, light and compact. Advantages are simultaneous recording of radiologic images and their oral reports by radiologists, and application to circulation of media inside the hospital as well as to filing of medical images. The MOD has a multimedia function of communication and filing. When medical images are taken and stored, oral interpretation by radiologists can be simultaneously added. Physicians can get information of the images and their reports by oral speech at the same time in front of computer workstation. Furthermore, integration of a voice recognition capability is now being undertaken.

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1993

Knowledge-based client-server approach to structural information retrieval: the Digital Anatomist Browser.

Structural information can be defined as data and knowledge about biological objects ranging in size from molecules to the whole body. A framework is described for organizing structural information around a well-defined set of terminology and semantic relationships, and for disseminating multimedia structural information by means of a wide-area information server that is accessible over the internet. A Macintosh-based client of this server, called the Digital Anatomist Browser, has been used to teach neuroanatomy for the last 2 years. The client-server approach provides each student unlimited access to a rapidly growing knowledge base of structural biology that, while immediately useful for anatomy teaching, has the potential to be an organizing framework for other kinds of medical knowledge as well.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1994

ATIM, accompanying measure on the assessment of information technology in medicine.

ATIM is an Accompanying Measure under the AIM programme which aims at developing consensus on methods and criteria for assessment of Information Technologies applied in health care and at the application of these methods in two AIM project lines: (a) Knowledge Based and Decision Support Systems and (b) Medical Multimedia Workstations and Images. ATIM builds on, and coordinates assessments and evaluations which are planned in current AIM projects. It consists of workshops, meetings and the coordination of assessments in the two project lines. Networking is an essential element. The main goal of ATIM is to demonstrate the value of assessment to the various actors in this field. One of the end-products of ATIM will be a handbook on how to assess information technologies in medicine, with practical examples from AIM projects.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1994

The HELIOS medical software engineering environment.

The aim of the HELIOS project is to create an integrated Software Engineering Environment (SEE) to facilitate the development and maintenance of medical applications. HELIOS is made of a set of software components, communicating through a software bus called the HELIOS Unification Bus. The object oriented paradigm is used both as the basic structure for building the software components and as the methodology for modelling, storing and retrieving the entities and procedures used in an application. Development standards include UNIX as operating system and X Window/MOTIF as windowing environment. One of the target applications for the HELIOS prototype is the development of a multimedia medical workstation as a front end to a hospital information system.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1994

Image analysis and synthesis of multimodal images in medicine.

Radiologic and clinical practice can be enhanced by improved access to multimodal image information. Analysis, visualization, method characteristic image processing and image synthesis is needed not only for the interpretation of the images but also for performing effective consultations with clinical colleagues and computer supported therapy planning and control strategies. A method is presented which enables the fast display, three-dimensional visualization and the modality oriented analysis of multimodal image information. Based on a unique image format, modality specific procedures and two- or three-dimensional processing tools of image analysis produce the input data for therapy planning programs. The easy use of this multimedia visualization tool enables radiologists and clinicians to deal with their image data. The description of methods and procedures, as well as typical examples of radiologic practice will demonstrate the efficiency of the presented system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Standardization of medical imaging in Europe: an integrated initiative.

The successful implementation of PACS (or IMACS) depends on the integration of image and image related data handling systems in an overall hospital information system (HIS) and other departmental information systems (DIS), one of which is radiology information system (RIS). With respect to standardization in the medical imaging field, this integration cannot be looked at separately from the overall prospect of standardization in medical informatics. All relevant standardization work done outside health care should be taken into account. This paper gives an overview of the work within Technical Committee TC 251 'Medical Informatics', of the European Standardization Committee, CEN, with special focus on its Working Group 4 'Medical Imaging and Multimedia'. An indication of the overall framework and relations towards ongoing work is given, with emphasis on short-term targets. The standards to be proposed are collectively called MEDICOM, standing for medical image communication.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Task-specific authoring functions for end-users in a hospital information system.

Authoring functions--integrated in a Hospital Information System (HIS)--provide a means for physicians and nurses to adapt partly their man/machine interface. We successfully implemented task-specific authoring functions that enable end-users to comprehend and structure a large body of multimedia documents, to focus attention during medical decision making, to speed up medical tasks and to standardise the drafting of documents.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1994

EyeChem 1.0: a modular chemistry toolkit for collaborative molecular visualization.

EyeChem is a network-aware and modular molecular visualization toolkit used within the Iris Explorer Visualization program. Use of the toolkit is illustrated via four typical EyeChem applications, which consist of Explorer maps constructed from chemically oriented modules and developed for use over the new generation of fast networks such as the UK SuperJanet system. EyeChem can also be used to prepare multimedia style visualizations in Quicktime or MPEG format of molecular properties and wavefunctions for archiving via the gopher+ wide area information system. The use of such information in electronic publishing of chemical information is discussed.

Chemistry↗
PubMed1991

Estimating human exposure through multiple pathways from air, water, and soil.

This paper describes a set of multipathway, multimedia models for estimating potential human exposure to environmental contaminants. The models link concentrations of an environmental contaminant in air, water, and soil to human exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal-contact routes. The relationship between concentration of a contaminant in an environmental medium and human exposure is determined with pathway exposure factors (PEFs). A PEF is an algebraic expression that incorporates information on human physiology and lifestyle together with models of environmental partitioning and translates a concentration (i.e., mg/m3 in air, mg/liter in water, or mg/kg in soil) into a lifetime-equivalent chronic daily intake (CDI) in mg/kg-day. Human, animal, and environmental data used in calculating PEFs are presented and discussed. Generalized PEFs are derived for air----inhalation, air----ingestion, water----inhalation, water----ingestion, water----dermal uptake, soil----inhalation, soil----ingestion, and soil----dermal uptake pathways. To illustrate the application of the PEF expressions, we apply them to soil-based contamination of multiple environmental media by arsenic, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and trinitrotoluene (TNT).

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

An overview of the electronic health and safety services of the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety.

This article describes the electronic information services of the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS). The aim of CCOHS is to promote a healthier and safer workplace. CCOHS' key ways of achieving this are its CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) service, CCINFOdisc, and its on-line computer network called, CCINFOline. CCOHS' electronic services contain some 50 databases with bibliographic and factual information from CCOHS and major organizations in other countries, such as NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) in the U.S., the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS) in Switzerland, and the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS) in France. In addition, the CD-ROM service includes The Chemical Advisor disc of regulatory and advisory lists for chemicals from the U.S. and other countries; full-text discs, such as CANADIAN HEALTH AND SAFETY LEGISLATION and two interactive, multimedia education and training products on the safe use of chemicals, and on preventing repetitive motion injuries. These services, available at an affordable price, are delivered worldwide and currently have thousands of organizations as subscribers in about 50 countries. Founded by the Government of Canada in 1978, CCOHS is the national resource in occupational health and safety information. In addition to the electronic service, other services offered are an inquiry service, which is free in Canada, and a publications service.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1994

Storing radiographs on a PC using a hand scanner: a simple tool to improve the teaching quality of radiographs in medical education.

Using a hand scanner, radiographs were scanned into a personal computer (PC) for storage and viewing. These images were of superior or similar quality to x-ray photographs published in textbooks and journals. This represents a simple and inexpensive way for emergency physicians to store x-ray files electronically for instant access from a desktop or laptop computer. This optimizes emergency medicine teaching when radiographic studies are involved. Identical copies of the image files can be made and distributed for viewing on other PCs. The PC is a new tool that will improve our ability to organize our educational resource materials. Multimedia methods represent a new way to present and distribute audiovisual educational materials at a desktop.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1995

Benefits of a computer-assisted education program for hypertensive patients compared with standard education tools.

ISIS (Initiation Sanitaire Informatisée et Scénarisée), a French computer-assisted hypertension and cardiovascular risk education program, was developed to provide patients at cardiovascular risk with a modern interactive educational tool combining rigorously scientific information with the aesthetic attractiveness of multimedia communication. To test the impact of this tool on patient health information retention, 158 hypertensives hospitalized for initial work-up (day hospital) or therapeutic adjustments (3 days) were randomized into control (n = 79) and ISIS (n = 79) groups. Both groups received cardiovascular education through standard means: physicians, nurses, dietitians and pamphlets. In addition, ISIS patients underwent a 30- to 60-min session on the computer with the ISIS program. Cardiovascular knowledge was tested by the same investigator administering a standardized 28-item questionnaire before and 2 months after education. Retesting was made by telephone. At the time of first assessment, all patients were aware that they would be retested. A total of 138 completed questionnaires (69 from each group) was analyzed. Overall mean cardiovascular knowledge score before education improved significantly after education. This improvement was greater in the ISIS than the control group. These results confirm the potential of computer-assisted education in hypertensives from a specialized center.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New trends in image data compression.

This paper gives an overview of a number of advanced techniques for image compression, which are under investigation in the Signal Processing Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne. Various applications ranging from High definition television (HDTV) to multimedia will be discussed. In particular, systems based on subband decomposition, edge based representation, as well as symmetries will be presented.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2005

Adolescents and the internet.

The interactive, multimedia nature of the Internet makes it a potentially invaluable resource for adolescents. These same characteristics also mean that the Internet could be a potentially hazardous medium for certain members of this age group. Although the Internet allows adolescents access to an unprecedented amount of content in an endless number of areas, it also allows them access to content that many parents and caregivers find particularly objectionable. This article addresses several primary benefits and potential hazards associated with adolescent Internet use. It describes general trends in adolescent Internet use and considers how the medium allows individuals to extend their social networks and create new ones. Several ideas for maximizing the potential benefits and minimizing any potential harms are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prevention of smoking-related deaths in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco is the leading cause of death in the United States. The majority of people who smoke begin before age 18. OBJECTIVE: Determine the number of smoking-attributable deaths and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in adults that might be saved through interventions to reduce smoking prevalence among children and adolescents. METHODS: Calculation of the smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost by age 85 among the cohort of people aged 18 in 2000. RESULTS: By age 85, there would be 127,670 smoking-attributable deaths among women and 284,502 deaths among men, for a total 412,172 smoking-attributable deaths in the United States among the cohort of 3,964,704 people aged 18 years alive in 2000. Through large-scale multimedia campaigns and a $1 increase in the price per pack of cigarettes, smoking prevalence could be reduced by 26% and would result in an annual savings of 108,466 lives and 1.6 million YPLL. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to decrease smoking prevalence among children and adolescents can have large effects on adult mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[From the creation to the appreciation of a pedagogic Internet site in anaesthesia and intensive care].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to conceive, create, validate and assess a pedagogic site to teach students. STUDY DESIGN: Survey with questionnaires. METHODS: First, we performed an educational need assessment in that field, conducting a review of legal regulations and international guidelines and a survey of 91 students. Afterwards, we drew up a reference document based on proven scientific data, with selected bibliography and we wrote a list of specific teaching objectives. We then created a pedagogic Web site including illustrated references, documents, a selected bibliography and useful Internet links. These pedagogic Web sites could be associated to well-conducted tutorial sites by qualified senior physicians in an academic process to improve procedural skill teaching. After internal and external validation, this educational Web site was evaluated by students. This evaluation used the questionnaire proposed by "Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux de Montréal" (regional authority control of health and social services of Montreal). Our pedagogic Web site obtained 76 out of 100 and can be considered satisfactory. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that adapted multimedia tools can improve procedural skill teaching in anaesthesia and intensive care.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Burn first aid in Western Australia--do healthcare workers have the knowledge?

Burn injuries treated with adequate immediate first aid are associated with more favourable outcomes, limiting tissue damage and subsequent morbidity including the need for surgery. Cool running water at a temperature of between 10-15 degrees C for 20 to 30 minutes is considered adequate burn first aid treatment. A prospective audit of all new patients (n=227) with burns, attending the minor burn facility at Royal Perth Hospital showed only 88 (39%) patients received appropriate first aid. Fifty percent of patients receiving inappropriate first aid, had this delivered by his or her primary health care contact. This study aims to determine the knowledge of burns first aid among healthcare workers (HCW) and compare this to the general population. A customized survey was performed, four sample cases were included with 4 possible answers in a multiple choice format. All case studies asked the participant to record immediate first aid management. On a case by case basis, burn first aid knowledge was fair but overall knowledge very poor, only 18.8% of respondents achieving 4 correct responses. The uptake of first aid courses was high among HCW at 75% but particularly low among the NHCW at 28%. Our study has shown the value of performing such a course, with a statistically significant (p=0.00) difference between participants who had completed a first aid course and those that had not. The purpose of this study was to quantify knowledge of burns first aid with a view to providing directed education, studies have shown the success of multimedia campaigns. It has been shown that good first aid improves the outcome for the burn patient and this study demonstrates that participation in a first aid course improves knowledge. It is justifiable to progress toward compulsory first aid courses which include first aid of the burns patient to improve outcomes for the community as a whole.

Burns↗
PubMed2004

Congener-specific intake fractions for PCDDs/DFs and Co-PCBs: modeling and validation.

Intake fractions (iFs) for emissions to air, water, and soil for 17 PCDDs/DFs and 12 Co-PCBs were calculated with a level III multimedia model and a food-chain exposure model in succession. The two integrated models were tested by comparing the predicted and measured concentrations in the environment and by comparing intakes through food. Measurement-based iFs were also calculated and compared with the model-based iFs. The air concentrations predicted by the fate model were close to the median of the observed concentrations, whereas the predicted soil and water concentrations were one-third to one-tenth the observed concentrations. This difference was large in case of PCDDs and Co-PCBs, which was explained by the past pollution such as commercial PCB products and PCDD impurities in chloronitrofen (CNP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). For fish, the predicted and observed exposures agreed well each other. For meat and milk, the predicted exposures were about 10 times the observed exposures for PCDDs/DFs, whereas the predicted and observed values agreed well for Co-PCBs. When the model was modified to consider feeding of fish meal to livestock and geographic bias in feed-grass production, the predicted congener profile was comparable to the measured profile. The comparison also suggested that chickens should be modeled separately from other terrestrial livestock. The model-based iFs for air emission of OCDD and 2378-TCDD were 0.001% and 0.1%, respectively. The iFs of most Co-PCBs were higher than those of PCDDs/DFs. These iF differences suggest the importance of the fate factor in assessing emissions of the 29 congeners.

Animal Feed↗