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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Language regression to the mother tongue in polyglot patients with acute psychosis].

Three bilingual patients with schizophrenia are presented, who spoke almost exclusively in their native language during acute episodes of psychosis. Normal use of the foreign language, German, was again possible after remission of the acute symptoms. This phenomenon of regression is similar to speech disorders in patients with aphasia and is discussed with reference to recent biological findings.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Multi-lingualism, word-presentations, thing-presentations and psychic reality.

The author begins by noting that psychoanalysts have concerned themselves with the relationship between language and thought ever since Freud published 'On Aphasia' in 1891 but that surprisingly little attention has been paid to multi-lingualism in the analytic situation. He contends that the use of a foreign language may act as a detour with the aim of gaining distance from the mother's voice, thereby avoiding emotional and instinctual overload. Some clinical vignettes are presented, involving the case of an Italian patient having analysis in French with an Argentinian analyst of Italian origin living in France. Italian words and phrases that occasionally come up are the vehicle for oedipal feelings and archaic representations, and the analyst's knowledge of Italian language and culture allows him to turn the relevant associations to account in the analysis. The use of a foreign language is stated to perform a similar function to negation, permitting an oracular type of ambiguity that protects the patient from the failure of repression and breakdown of the protective shield against stimuli. Following a note on the Pirandellian nature of the affective representation of the drive, the author ends with some considerations on the relations between word-presentations and thing-presentations and on how these might be modified in the foreign-language situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Language disorders in the light of K-ABC].

OBJECTIVE: Problems of terminology have hampered the study of dysfunctional school age children, and a confusing array of labels has been applied to them. This is the case for speech and language disorders. The challenge to the pediatrician is to arrive at an integrated diagnosis that will lead to useful strategies for intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The K-ABC test, as a new instrument in the light of a new conception of intelligence, has been used as a tool for assessing language disorders in a sample of 261 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years. The results were analyzed by the Chi-square test and the stratified Chi-square test of Mantel-Haenzel as a discriminator between two variables. RESULTS: Bilingualism, father's and mother's educational level and jobs, as sociocultural and/or socioeconomic factors, emerged as statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusions refer to the ability to discriminate between learning and language disabilities and the relationship between language disorders and the bilingual condition or sociocultural markers, such as profession and academic achievement, of the parents. This article highlights the value of pediatrician-psychologist collaborations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[Aphasia in a polyglot: description and neuropsychological course].

We present a case of aphasia due to an ischaemic lesion in the left temporo-occipital region of the brain of a 60 year old right-handed polyglot. Mother tongues: French, Italian, Arabic. Educated at school in English. Languages learnt as an adult: German, Portuguese, Spanish. Language habitually spoken prior to illness: Spanish. His language disorder was of non-fluent type and progressed to an anomic disorder. The non-parallel recovery of languages led to an initial and predominant recovery of English (language at school) followed by French (his first language). This type of non-parallel recovery may be compatible with the inhibition-disinhibition mechanism hypothesis. This would mean that the languages of least recovery are inhibited by raising the threshold of some circuits while still permitting comprehension.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1997

The cognitive assessment of limited-English-proficient children: current problems and practical recommendations.

Children from limited-English-proficient backgrounds are frequently assessed for the purposes of classification, educational placement decisions, and intervention planning. Problems inherent in the process of identifying their intellectual strengths and weaknesses are discussed, including questionable special education referrals, the use of English as the language of testing, the use of interpreters, the administration of normed tools, and the use of translated tests. Among the practical recommendations explored are prereferral activities, assessment of language dominance and proficiency, training of bilingual personnel, the integration of multiple assessment tools, adaptation of available measures, and alternative assessment models.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Location of language in the cortex: a comparison between functional MR imaging and electrocortical stimulation.

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of functional MR imaging in locating language areas for planning surgical resection. METHODS: Intraoperative photographs were digitized and overlaid on functional MR language maps. The sensitivity and specificity of functional MR imaging for identifying language areas were determined for five different language tasks by comparing functional MR areas of language activation with results of electrocortical stimulation. A match was considered to occur if an activated area contacted overlapped, or surrounded a language tag. The borders of the activation areas were extended by 1 and 2 cm to determine whether the number of matches changed. Language and nonlanguage tag matches were tabulated separately. RESULTS: Sensitivity/specificity for all patients and all language tasks ranged from 81%/53% for areas that touched to 92%/0% for areas separated by 2 cm. Individual language tasks were not as sensitive as a battery of language tasks combined. Location of language areas varied among subjects for a given task and among tasks for a given subject. CONCLUSION: Functional MR imaging should be considered a useful presurgical planning tool for mapping cortical language areas, because it is sensitive, it provides increased time for planning before surgery, and it is noninvasive.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1997

[A study of bilingual Galician-Castillian aphasic patients].

INTRODUCTION: Aphasia in bilingual persons has some striking peculiarities. Most studies have been carried out in mono-lingual societies, where the second language has usually been learnt after immigration. In Galicia, linguistic closeness and simultaneous learning of Galician and Castilian languages permits the testing of neuropsychological theories conceived in other circumstances. OBJECTIVE: In aphasic bilingual Galician-Castilian patients we studied how this affected denomination, designation and translation, different modes of recovery, variables associated with differential affectation, the presence and influence of specific phenomena of aphasia in bilingual persons on changes in dominance and mixing of the languages. Material and methods. We selected 49 patients, 29 men and 20 women aged between 32 and 85 years old. We analyzed the variables associated with differential affectation: types of aphasia, size and site of the lesion, aetiology, age, educational level, and the presence and influence of phenomena specific to aphasia in bilingual persons. RESULTS: The test most affected was translation, to a lesser extent denomination, and finally designation. Capacity for recovery is greater in the dominant language. Translation recovers better than denomination and this better than designation. We found no changes in dominance, no selective loss of either language but have seen some interference in the non-dominant language. CONCLUSIONS: The two languages are seen to be recovered equally, as were other languages previously studied in aphasiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Speech teaching for deaf children in the age of bilingual/bicultural programs: the role of tactile aids.

Three studies are summarized which show the potential value of tactile aids for the development of improved speech production skills by profoundly deaf children. The first study examined the use of a tactile display of high frequency speech energy (2-7 kHz). The results obtained showed greatly improved discrimination when the tactile display supplemented hearing aid use. In the second study an 18-year-old profoundly deaf man was provided with speech training using tactile aids to provide modeling and feedback. Recordings made pre- and post-training of the subject's productions of consonants in /aCa/ and simple sentences were played to panels of normal hearing listeners. The results showed large improvements in the post-training tokens. The final study outlines the results of speech training with tactile aids provided to a large group of deaf children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Language development in bilingual children.

Bilingual language ability in children includes a wide range of verbal, written, and comprehension skills. Assessment of language development in bilingual children that is not individualized may yield inaccurate information and result in unnecessary referrals. Primary care nurses need to be aware of differences in language development between mono- and bilingual children in order to accurately assess their language skills.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Normative data for a brief neuropsychological battery administered to English- and Spanish-speaking community-dwelling elders.

The use of neuropsychological tests in non-English-speaking populations and among those with less education has been limited because most tests have been standardized for English-speaking populations with relatively high levels of education. In effort to establish norms, a battery of neuropsychological tests was administered, in either English or Spanish, to 995 normal elders with a wide range of educational attainment, residing in the community of Washington Heights-Inwood in northern Manhattan. Results indicate that age, education, and language all influence test performance and should be considered when evaluating neuropsychological measures.

Aged↗