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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Genome-wide gene-expression profiles of breast-cancer cells purified with laser microbeam microdissection: identification of genes associated with progression and metastasis.

Breast carcinoma is a complex disease characterized by accumulation of multiple genetic alterations, and the understanding of the molecular basis of mammary tumorigenesis is still incomplete. In this study we analyzed gene-expression profiles of 81 surgical specimens of 12 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 69 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). After applying laser-microbeam micro-dissection to all samples we achieved 98-99% pure populations of breast cancer cells, and of normal breast epithelial cells used as controls. A cDNA-microarray analysis of 23,040 genes in these samples and a subsequent unsupervised hierarchical clustering distinguished two tumor groups, mainly in terms of estrogen-receptor (ER) status. We then undertook a supervised analysis and identified 325 genes that were commonly either up- or down-regulated in both pathologically discrete stages (DCIS and IDC), indicating that these genes might play important roles in malignant transformation of breast ductal cells. In addition, we searched invasion-associated gene candidates whose expression was altered in IDC, but not in DCIS, and identified 24 up-regulated genes and 41 down-regulated genes. Furthermore, we identified 34 genes that were expressed differently in tumors from patients with lymph node metastasis as opposed to no metastasis. On that basis we developed a scoring system that correlated well with the metastatic status. Tumors from all of the 37 test patients with lymph-node metastasis yielded positive scores by our definition, whereas 38 of the 40 tumors (95%) without lymph node metastasis had negative scores. Our data should provide useful information for identifying predictive markers for invasion or metastasis, and suggest potential target molecules for treatment of breast cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The study of microdissection of endoscopic transnasal surgery in the sphenopalatine foramen].

OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomy evidence for endoscopic transnasal surgery in the sphenopalatine foramen by measuring and dissecting corpses. METHOD: The position, shape, size and their correlational data of sphenopalatine foramen of 40 sides skulls in adults were measured. RESULT: Classification of the sphenopalatine foramen were as three types: I 35%; II 5%; III 60%. The mean distance from upper edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the base of the sphenopalatine sinus was male (1.75 +/- 1.10) mm, female (1.13 +/- 0.55) mm, and to the apertura sphenopalatine sinus was male (9.80 +/- 3.27) mm, female (8.30 +/- 3.45) mm. The mean distance from the posterior edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the rhinopharynx was male (11.12 +/- 3.30) mm, female (10.85 +/- 3.12) mm. The mean distance from the anterior edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the apertura maxillaris was male (18.50 +/- 6.80) mm, female (14.57 +/- 5.07) mm, and to the apex of nose was male (69.54 +/- 6.98) mm, female (66.57 +/- 5.07) mm, and to the nasospinale was male (56.69 +/- 5.70) mm, female (53.25 +/- 8.80) mm. The horizontal diameter of the sphenopalatine foramen was female (4.61 +/- 1.80) mm, male (5.12 +/- 2.05) mm. The vertical diameter was male (5.37 +/- 2.67) mm, female (0.35 +/- 0.07) mm. The surface diameter of the sphenopalatine artery and nerves was male (2.12 +/- 0.66) mm, female (1.61 +/- 0.70) mm, and male (0.65 +/- 0.49) mm, female (0.35 +/- 0.07) mm. The mean angle from the sphenopalatine foramen to the horizontal plate of palatine bone was male (22.83 +/- 4.71) degrees, female (22.73 +/- 3.81) degrees. Nasal lateral walls were controlled by lateral posterior nasal arteries and nerves, which were classified into three types: I 70%, II 20%, III 10%. CONCLUSION: The observation and survey about the sphenopalatine foramen will supply clinic with anatomy homological.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Microdissection-based mutational genotyping of serous borderline tumors of the ovary.

Mutational changes in a number of genetic foci were studied in 12 serous borderline tumors (SBTs) of the ovary including 2 with a micropapillary pattern. The analysis was focused on chromosomal regions that have not been previously studied in these tumors. The findings were correlated with the morphology and the FIGO stage of the tumors. Six of the tumors were stage I, one was stage II, and five were stage III. Loss of heterozygosity analysis in each tumor was performed with a panel of 12 polymorphic markers on chromosomes 1p, 5q, 9p, 9q, 10q, and 17p. The ovarian tumors displayed allelic losses most frequently on 1p (83.3%), 9q (70%), and 17p (41.7%). In the extraovarian implants, allelic losses on 1p, 9q, and 17p were present in 66.7%, 75%, and 66.7% of cases respectively. In five of six cases, allelic losses were 88% concordant between multiple tumor sites. Only one case of stage III tumor displayed a discordant pattern of allelic loss at different tumor sites. Cumulative allelic losses did not show a statistically significant difference in stage I vs. higher stage disease. The pattern and cumulative allelic loss in the two cases with micropapillary architecture was similar to that of the other tumors. We report a high frequency of allelic loss on 1p and 9q that has not been previously reported in SBTs. Morphologically heterogenous areas including benign-appearing, typical borderline, and micropapillary areas had a similar pattern of allelic loss. Although the majority of SBTs seem to be monoclonal, a minor subset may be multiclonal in origin.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A microdissection study of the facial nerve at the labyrinthine and tympanic segments in adults.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship in detail between the tympanic and the labyrinthine segments of the facial nerve and the relationship between the bony structures and the neighboring nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurement of the length of the segment of the facial nerve within the internal auditory canal and the lengths of the labyrinthine and tympanic segments were made on fourteen temporal bones collected from eight fresh cadavers. RESULTS: The minimum distance between the point where the facial nerve leaves the internal auditory canal and the tympanic segment was measured as 4.71+/-0.54 mm. The angle between the labyrinthine and the tympanic segments at the geniculate ganglion was measured as 73 degrees 85' +/-10 degrees 89'. The angle between the labyrinthine and the superior vestibular nerve were measured as 34 degrees 35' +/-5 degrees 51'. CONCLUSION: We believe that the results of our measurements will help the surgeons to minimize the complications who work in this particular anatomic area.

Ear, Inner↗
PubMed1996

Microdissection and DOP-PCR-based reverse chromosome painting as a fast and reliable strategy in the analysis of various structural chromosome abnormalities.

Reverse chromosome painting has become a powerful tool in clinical genetics for the characterization of cytogenetically unclassifiable aberrations. In this report, the application of a sensitive and rapid procedure for the complete and precise identification of four different de novo structural chromosome abnormalities is presented. These chromosome rearrangements include a marker derived from chromosome 3(cen-q11), an interstitial deletion of chromosome 13 [del(13)(q14q22)], an unbalanced translocation [46,XY, -4, +der(4)t(4;8)(p 15.2;p21.1)] leading to Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and a partial inverted duplication in conjunction with a partial deletion of chromosome 5p [46,XX, -5, +der(5)(:p13-p15.1::p15.1-qter)] which is responsible for the manifestation of the cri-du-chat syndrome. The importance of a fast and reliable evaluation of complex chromosome aberrations in pre- and postnatal diagnosis with regard to comprehensive genetic counselling is emphasized.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2000

Microsatellite alterations on human chromosome 11 in in situ and invasive breast cancer: a microdissection microsatellite analysis and correlation with p53, ER (estrogen receptor), and PR (progesterone receptor) protein immunoreactivity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been documented in a subset of sporadic tumors. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 11 loci in breast cancer is a frequent event. The purpose of the present study is to examine the incidence of microsatellite alterations in in situ and invasive human breast carcinoma and to clarify their significance in regulating the dynamics of cancer progression. METHODS: Four highly polymorphic (CA)n repeat microsatellites were used to determine microsatellite alterations in ten ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 19 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). To investigate the expression of p53, ER (estrogen receptor), and PR (progesterone receptor) association with MSI, immunohistochemistry staining was applied. RESULTS: MSI were detected in 20% (2/10) of DCIS and in 47.4% (9/19) of IDC. The frequency of MSI in IDC was significantly higher than that in DCIS (P < 0.001). Also, the MSI seemed to correlate with clinical stage (P = 0.0001) and tumor size (P = 0.004) but not histological grade or age. In addition, we found that 27% of the tumors showed LOH at 11q23.3-24 region between loci D11S934 and D11S912. Seven of nine MSI cases demonstrated low or no expression of p53. However, there was significantly reduced expression of PR, but not ER in MSI cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that breast cancer acquires the RER phenotype (replication-error phenotype) in the relatively late stages, and that the RER phenotype is associated with aggressiveness of IDC (infiltrative duct carcinoma). The result also implicated that mismatch repair failure can alter the expression of PR but not ER and p53.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Microdissection by ultrasonication: scanning electron microscopy of the epithelial basal lamina of the alimentary canal in the rat.

The epithelial basal lamina of the various parts of the alimentary canal of the rat was exposed by removal of the overlying epithelium. This was achieved by prolonged fixation in OsO4 or immersion in aqueous boric acid or both, followed by dehydration in acetone and exposure to ultrasonic vibration. The surface of the esophageal basal lamina is undulating with smooth hills and valleys, the smallest of which model the basal surfaces of the germinal cells of the epithelium. The stomach presents a perforated appearance because of ostia formed by evaginations of the basal lamina to enclose glands. In the small intestine, clavate rather than cylindrical villous cores are separated by ostia of intestinal crypts. In the large intestine, ostia are separated by broad areas of basal lamina in the cecum but are close together in the colon. The complex contours of the basal lamina are largely determined by the basal surface of the overlying epithelium but may be affected by structures in the underlying interstitium. Subepithelial lymph nodes, for example, are covered by a conspicuously porous basal lamina. Each nodule may be surrounded by ostia of as many as 20 crypts of Lieberkühn. The basal lamina of the ileocecal valve displays gradual transition from ileum to cecum.

Animals↗