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Results for “Maxillofacial Development”

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PubMed1975

[A multidisciplinary study of infantile Steinert's syndrome].

The authors studied from several points of view 10 patients suffering from a neo-natal form of Steinert's disease. They analyse the variety of the family histories, of dysembryoplastic symptoms, of neo-natal difficulties and the subsequent impairment of mental development. They could not find any correlation between this latter evolution and the severity of the neurological damage, judged by the mentioned symptoms. They conclude that the mental retardation is proportional to the low quality of the early socio-emotional environment and believe that this hypothesis is confirmed by the fact that maxillo-facial malformations are mocise speech and mimicry in their early childhood.

Female↗
PubMed1994

The longitudinal development of malocclusion in postnormal children with little respectively urgent need for orthodontic treatment.

The development of overjet, overbite and first molar relationship was followed longitudinally in 30 children with Class II malocclusion. They received no orthodontic treatment during the 7-year registration period. Models were taken each year between 7 and 14 years of age. The need for orthodontic treatment was defined using a 4-grade treatment priority index issued by the National Swedish Board of Health. The postnormal children were classified into two groups according to the need for treatment at the time when the first model was taken (age 7). The "treatment index 1" group (= group 1) consisted of 18 mild postnormal cases with little need for treatment. The "treatment index 3" group (= group 3) consisted of 12 cases with urgent need for treatment according to the priority index. All cases were Class II:division 1 with proclined incisors. For group 1 a significant increase in overjet and overbite was found over years. No uniform pattern in the longitudinal development of overjet and overbite was found for group 3. No clear changes in the first molar relationship in either group were found. Interceptive treatment in the mixed dentition is suggested favourable in postnormal cases, even when the malocclusion initially is mild in order to avoid an increase in overjet and overbite.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The growth of certain craniofacial dimensions in regard to the development of normal occlusion and malocclusion in the period of mixed dentition].

The authors have analysed the growth of the craniofacial parameters zygion-zygion, eurvon-eurvon, glabella-opisthocranion, nasion-gnathion and nasion-prosthion with examinees aged 5 to 13 years with normal occlusion and malocclusion. No statistically significant differences in the growth of the analysed parameters in regard to the constancy or change of the examinee's orthodontic diagnosis in the period of mixed dentition have been found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effective condylar growth and chin position changes in activator treatment: a cephalometric roentgenographic study.

Effective condylar growth (a summation of condylar remodeling, glenoid fossa remodeling, and condylar position changes within the fossa) and its influence on the position of the chin was analyzed in 40 class II, division I malocclusions treated successfully with activators. Additionally, the amount of mandibular rotation was assessed. Lateral head films in habitual occlusion from before and after an average treatment period of 2.6 years were evaluated. The Bolton Standards (32 untreated individuals with ideal occlusion) served as controls. Two different treatment effects were evaluated: overall growth change and treatment effects (overall growth changes minus age-related Bolton values). In comparison with the Bolton group, the activator patients exhibited an increase in the amount of vertical effective condylar growth (3.0 mm; P < .001), a decrease in the amount of sagittal effective condylar growth (0.6 mm; P < .05), and an increase in the amount of vertical development of the chin (1.8 mm; P < .001). No group differences could be found for sagittal development of the chin. In the Bolton group, the mandible rotated posteriorly, and in the activator group it rotated anteriorly (2.7 degrees; P < .001). The present investigation revealed that effective condylar growth can be increased and the chin position can be changed by activator treatment. Thus activator treatment induces skeletal changes, although not always in the desired (sagittal) therapeutic direction.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1976

[Tooth supporting structure and its importance for the regular development of the dentition and resulting therapeutic recommendations for practice].

The authors emphasize the importance of the supporting area to the regular development of the dentition and describe possibilities for preserving the deciduous teeth until the physiological change to the permanent dentition occurs. The change to the permanent dentition should be guided by a competent evaluation of space supply and space need to avoid expensive orthodontic measures. The supporting area analysis according to Moyers has been used with success to estimate whether the space in the supporting area will be sufficient for the permanent teeth.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Effects of certain therapeutic factors on facial development in isolated cleft palate.

Roentgencephalometry was used during the investigation of the effects of some therapeutic factors on the growth and development of the jaws in 64 adult males with an isolated cleft palate repaired by pushback. The anterior growth of the maxilla was not related to the age at the time of surgery or to orthodontic therapy with removable appliances. A small number of individuals operated during adolescence had also a shorter depth of the maxilla similarly as patients operated upon during early childhood. Anterior crossbite developed mostly in patients with reduced proclination of the upper alveolar process, while, on the contrary, a retrusion of the maxilla played no essential part. This observation proves useful for the prediction of the development of this malocclusion. The angle of sagittal jaw relations does not represent necessarily a valid criterion of the development of the jaws. In the presence of an overbite retrusion of the maxilla is associated with a retroposition of the mandible and thus the angle of sagittal jaw relations remains unchanged. Thus overbite represents an effective mechanism acting on the position of the mandible. A differentiated approach for the determination of the age of choice at the time of palate surgery according to the type and extent of the cleft is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A geometric morphometric study of regional differences in the ontogeny of the modern human facial skeleton.

This study examines interpopulation variations in the facial skeleton of 10 modern human populations and places these in an ontogenetic perspective. It aims to establish the extent to which the distinctive features of adult representatives of these populations are present in the early post natal period and to what extent population differences in ontogenetic scaling and allometric trajectories contribute to distinct facial forms. The analyses utilize configurations of facial landmarks and are carried out using geometric morphometric methods. The results of this study show that modern human populations can be distinguished based on facial shape alone, irrespective of age or sex, indicating the early presence of differences. Additionally, some populations have statistically distinct facial ontogenetic trajectories that lead to the development of further differences later in ontogeny. We conclude that population-specific facial morphologies develop principally through distinctions in facial shape probably already present at birth and further accentuated and modified to variable degrees during growth. These findings raise interesting questions regarding the plasticity of facial growth patterns in modern humans. Further, they have important implications in relation to the study of growth in the face of fossil hominins and in relation to the possibility of developing effective discriminant functions for the identification of population affinities of immature facial skeletal material. Such tools would be of value in archaeological, forensic and anthropological applications. The findings of this study underline the need to examine more deeply, and in more detail, the ontogenetic basis of other causes of craniometric variation, such as sexual dimorphism and hominin species differentiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of the position of the hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial development.

Evaluation of the position of the hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial development and comparative evaluation of the relation of this position with the dentofacial system was made on 25 patients with hyperdivergent vertical growth, 25 patients with hypodivergent vertical growth, and 25 patients with normal vertical facial development. SN-Go-Gn, Gonion, ANS-PNS/Go-Gn angles and S-Go, N-Me, S-Go/N-Me measurements from lateral cephalometric films were used as identification parameters. Seven horizontal, five vertical and five angular cephalometric measurements were made in order to determine the position of the hyoid bone. SN plane was used as the reference plane. Results were evaluated through "t" test. No significant relation was found between hyoid bone position and gender. When gender distinction was disregarded, and the group with normal facial development was compared with the hyperdivergent group, statistically significant differences were observed for CVT-H distance in horizontal measurements and for H-SN, H-F, H-PD, H-OD distances in vertical measurements. When the group with normal facial development was compared with the hypodivergent group, only the horizontal measurement Pg-H was statistically significant. The hyoid bone location in the hyperdivergent group was in a more of a posterior and superior position. The hyoid bone location in the hypodivergent group was not changed vertically, however, it had more of a posterior placement with the increase of Pg-H distance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Meckel's cartilage in Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis: a light and electron microscope study.

Meckel's cartilage, in Xenopus laevis prior to metamorphosis, is a tissue exhibiting very large lacunae, separated by thin rims of matrix, presenting a net-like appearance, similar to that of cartilage in invertebrates. The cells on the periphery of the tissue are rather more flattened, and more closely packed. On the lateral aspects of the cartilage distinct columns of apparently dividing cells are evident. During metamorphic climax, the amount of matrix separating the lacunae increases, with an associated decrease in lacunar size, and some of the deeper cells develop cilia, which are not seen either before or after climax. By the end of metamorphic climax there is a considerable increase in the amount of matrix present in the tissue, while many cells at all depths in the cartilage show the presence of lysosome-like structures, possibly associated with the changing shape of the cartilage. Intramembranous ossification is proceeding around Meckel's cartilage, but there is no evidence of endochondral ossification up to the end of metamorphosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Ontogenic development of the surface of craniofacial sagittal angular sectors in man and chimpanzee].

By means of a technique for measuring surfaces by direct reading, six angular sectors have been studied (3 for the face and 3 for the skull) at various ontogenic periods of Man, common chimpanzee and dwarf chimpanzee. The growth curves have been drawn for absolute values and for relative values. They show a certain evolutive parallelism between the frontal bone and the parietal bone, and between the face and the mandible, with a special fate for the occipital bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Validity of the computer-assisted cephalometric growth prognosis VTO (Visual Treatment Objective) according to Ricketts.

The computer-assisted growth prognosis "Visual Treatment Objective" (VTO) according to Ricketts gives an individual prediction based on empirically obtained mean growth rates and includes the expected influence of orthodontic treatment. The objective of the present study was to investigate the validity of the VTO over a period of 2 and 5 years. For this purpose, lateral teleradiographic images of 180 patients were analyzed before the start and after the completion of active treatment, and the actual outcome was compared with the prognosis. For both prognostic periods, the VTO yielded a satisfactory prognosis of maxillary inclination, of the anteroposterior position of the maxilla, of growth in mandibular length, of the anteroposterior position and rotation of the mandible, of the positional relation of the mandible and maxilla, of basicranial configuration, and of vertical craniofacial development. For neither of the 2 prognostic periods did the VTO give a satisfactory prognosis of dental relations, of dentoskeletal relations or of soft-tissue configuration. The VTO is capable of giving a largely valid prognosis of skeletal growth tendencies. However, in view of the large number of parameters affected by therapeutic measures, the VTO prognosis must be expected to differ from the actual treatment outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Rate of infraposition of reimplanted ankylosed incisors related to age and growth in children and adolescents.

In growing individuals, infraposition of a reimplanted, ankylosed tooth may disrupt normal alveolar development and compromise prosthetic treatment. The aims of this study were to analyze the rate of infraposition of ankylosed incisors in growing subjects and to provide guidelines for the timing of extraction. The subjects comprised 30 boys and 12 girls, selected consecutively from patients on annual post-trauma follow-up, and observed for periods ranging from 1 to 10 years. Only patients with one replanted ankylosed maxillary central incisor were included, the homologous teeth with healthy periodontal ligaments serving as controls. Growth intensity was evaluated from analyses of annual body height measurements. The following four periods were established: before the growth spurt, from initial to maximal growth spurt, from maximal growth spurt to the end and after the growth spurt. In 11 patients, cephalograms were taken at diagnosis and at extraction. Progression of infraposition varied individually. Diagnosis before the age of 10 or before the growth spurt was associated with very high risk of severe infraposition. In these cases the ankylosed tooth should be removed within 2-3 years. If ankylosis develops during the growth spurt, the tooth should be monitored regularly, but no intervention is indicated provided the adjacent teeth do not tilt and infraposition is minor or stable. Annual body height measurements, indicating the intensity of skeletal growth, are an aid to assessment. Cephalometric radiographs are important for evaluating the direction of growth of the jaws since there is a difference between horizontal and vertical growers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Growth study including stereophotogrammetry of a pair of monozygotic twins, one having a cleft lip and palate.

This report is a serial growth study of a pair of monozygotic twin boys, one of whom suffered from a bilateral cleft of the lip and a unilateral cleft of the palate. Annual records for height and weight were registered from seven years eight months to 18 years 0 months. Soft tissue facial growth was also measured annually using short base stereophotogrammetry (Burke, 1967). Growth and development of the dentition was recorded as orthodontic study models at less frequent intervals. Measurements derived from the facial maps allowed not only measurement of soft tissue growth changes in the face, but also of surgical change to both lips related to an Abbe flap procedure carried out for the cleft twin. All changes are compared with those occurring in his monozygotic twin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Maxillary sinus hypoplasia and superior orbital fissure asymmetry.

Misdiagnosis of maxillary sinus hypophasia usually as sinus infection, sometimes as neoplasm, can lead to unnecessary and difficult surgical explorations. Associated anatomical abnormalities, e.g., caudal displacement of the ipsilateral frontal lobe of the brain or central position in the maxilla of the infraorbital nerve may create unexpected surgical hazards. Associated orbital enlargement can lead to diagnostic confusion in the investigation of headache, especially if the superior orbital fissures show marked asymmetry suggesting erosion. Projection of the fissure into the antrum in Waters view can simulate trabeculation of the sinus or fracture of the inferior orbital rim. Radiologic examination of 500 patients without intracranial or intraorbital lesions revealed maxillary sinus hypoplasia in 36 cases (7.2%) and in half the hypoplasia was unilateral (sinus asymmetry); aplasia was not encountered. Fissure asymmetry was present in 30 cases (6%), being present in 3.66% of patients with normally developed sinuses and in 36.1% of the hypoplasia patients. The appearances and measurements of the fissure are presented and examples of marked normal fissure asymmetry are demonstrated. Maxillary sinus hypoplasia is classified in this series as grade I-mild hypoplasia with limited inferolateral expansion (4 cases) and grade II in which there is also a curved orbital floor and lateral displacement of the adjacent nasal wall (32 cases).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Surgical closure of cleft palate and its immediate effect on the maxillary development].

During the service life of the primary dentition, the direct effects of surgical closure of the palate on the size of the maxilla are unimportant for all types of clefts. Narrowings of more than 1 mm occurred only in the posterior region of the dental arch. Narrowings in the anterior region of the dental arch were observed to a small extent in patients with unilateral and bilateral clefts. There was no difference in the changes of the upper dental arch between one-stage and two-stage closures of the palate.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Management of children with clefts of the lip or palate: an overview.

Patients with clefts of the lip and palate present a number of problems associated with speech and hearing during early childhood, dental anomalies and malocclusion in the developing dentition, and secondary facial deformities and emotional "burn out" in adolescence. Appreciation of the differences in velopharyngeal function, hearing, speech, growth, and dental development is important in understanding the detailed and sequential multidisciplinary management required for patients with clefts. The dentist is an important member of the cleft-palate team, providing an essential role in establishing a preventive plan, monitoring the dental needs of the patient, and motivating and educating the patient. A very favourable outcome is now possible for these individuals, largely as a result of a team approach to management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Constitutional slow growth with delayed adolescence, presentation of 3 clinical cases].

Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is a constitutional delay of growth occurring in otherwise healthy adolescents with stature reduced for chronological age but generally appropriate for bone age and stage of pubertal development, both of which are usually delayed; psychological distress is the predominant consequence. The analysis of three cases shows that hand and wrist X-ray to study bone age is very important in patients with short stature, because we can make a better orthodontic treatment due to this bone age delay. The maturation stage investigation can be made in both hands because there are not significant differences between right and left one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The burden of proof: a critical review of orthodontic claims made by some general practitioners.

The increased demand for orthodontic treatment in the developed countries has led to a recent proliferation of "motel courses" that are specifically designed for general practitioners. Most of the techniques presented are only those that have long been available for selection by discerning orthodontists. However, when they are applied exclusively and indiscriminately by inexperienced clinicians, this may result in either prolonged, unnecessary treatment or failure through instability. Therefore some of the claims that are made will be examined and discussed with a review of the literature.

Education, Dental, Continuing↗