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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Lateral pterygoid muscle and the temporomandibular disc.

This anatomic study examines the attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle to the capsule and disc of the temporomandibular joint. The anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and its surroundings, in particular the insertion of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, was studied by dissection and conventional histologic techniques. The material consisted of 16 cadaver specimens from individuals 60 years or older. The results showed that only a part of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle is attached to the anterior portion of the capsule, which, in turn, is firmly attached to the disc, giving the impression that the muscle and the disc are directly connected. All specimens showed attachment of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle to the anterior medial portion of the capsule, but they showed varying degrees of attachment to the lateral aspect of the temporomandibular joint capsule. The remaining part of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle attached to the mandibular condyle. Serial sectioning in no instance showed direct insertion into the disc of the fibers of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Mechanisms involved in mandibular condylopathy secondary to intraarticular injections of glucocorticoids.

Pharmacologic doses of triamcinolone hexacetonide were injected intramuscularly or intraarticularly in immature Papio papio baboons. The mandibular condyle served as a model for histologic examinations concerning the effect of glucocorticoid hormone on cartilage and bone. Biochemical examinations of blood and urine indicated the development of distinct hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia followed by hyperphosphaturia, and hypocalciuria. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity rose during the initial phases of the experiment but decreased considerably after the sixth injection of the hormone. Hyperglycemia and an increase in serum amylase were noticed along with signs of moderate metabolic acidosis. Histologic examinations disclosed signs of severe destruction of cartilage and bone. By the sixth intraarticular injection, definite fibrillation was noted in the articular cartilage, followed by complete disappearance of cartilage. The subchondral bone appeared to be adversely affected by the hormone as it lost its typical lamellar organization and attained the characteristics of woven bone. The condyle showed clear signs of fibro-osseous transformation, with fibrosis as the dominant structural feature. The preceding biochemical and morphologic findings are indicative of parathyroid hyperactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Resorbable poly-L-lactide plates and screws for the treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: a clinical and radiologic follow-up study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a resorbable poly-l-lactide (PLLA) miniplate system could be used to treat mandibular condylar process fracture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients (12 males, 2 females, aged 23.1 +/- 5.7 years) who had mandibular condylar process fractures treated with PLLA implants were recalled for follow-up clinical and radiologic examinations at 3 years. RESULTS: Mouth opening recovered to more than 35 mm and occlusion was stable in all patients. There was no facial asymmetry 3 months postoperatively. Two patients had mild chronic postoperative tenderness at the implantation site; however, there was no wound infection. All fractured mandibular condyles showed anatomic good reduction and long-term stability with the use of resorbable miniplates and screws. Bone healing was satisfactory in all patients, and there was no evidence of abnormal resorption of the condylar process. The screw holes remained evident after 3 years. Screw holes in 2 patients showed enlargement on radiographic examination. CONCLUSION: The PLLA miniplate system provides reliable stability when used for the fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1994

[Temporomandibular compression due to condylar osteochondroma].

We describe in this work one case of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle. The first clinical sign was a limitation of the mouth opening. Based on this lesion, a review of the literature is made, and different treatment modalities are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The distribution of the auriculotemporal nerve around the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this cadaver dissection was to study the position of the auriculotemporal nerve in relation to the mandibular condyle, capsular tissues, articular fossa, and lateral pterygoid muscle and to evaluate the anatomic possibility of nerve impingement or irritation by the surrounding structures. STUDY DESIGN: Eight cadaveric heads (16 sides) were dissected. The auriculotemporal nerve was identified by following its course around the middle meningeal artery. The course of the nerve trunk was dissected from the middle meningeal artery to the terminal branches within the temporomandibular disk. The horizontal distance between the auriculotemporal nerve and the medial portion of the condyle/condylar neck was measured. The vertical distance from the most superior portion of the articular condyle to the superior border of the auriculotemporal nerve was measured. RESULTS: The auriculotemporal nerve was identified on each side, and a single trunk was evident along the medial aspect of the condylar neck. At the posterior border of the lateral pterygoid muscle, the nerve trunk was in direct contact with the condylar neck in every specimen. The average vertical distance between the superior condyle and the nerve was 7.06 mm (+/- 3.21 mm); the range was 0 to 13 mm. The vertical distance between the nerve and the superior condyle on one side of the specimen did not correlate with the distance on the contralateral side. CONCLUSION: The auriculotemporal nerve trunk has a close anatomic relationship with the condyle and the temporomandibular joint capsular region, and there is evidence of a possible mechanism for sensory disturbances in the temporomandibular joint region. In all cases, the nerve was in direct contact with the medial aspect of the capsule or condylar neck. Because there is no correlation between the positions of the nerves on the right and left sides, only one side may be affected. The nerve was also observed to course in direct apposition to the lateral pterygoid muscle. The findings support the hypothesis that the anatomic and clinical relationship of the auriculotemporal nerve to the condyle, articular fossa, and lateral pterygoid muscle may be causally related to compression or irritation of the nerve, producing numbness or pain, or both, in the temporomandibular joint region.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Osteochondromas associated with facial asymmetry and masticatory dysfunction: report of two cases.

Two cases of solitary osteochondromas interfering with mandibular motion are presented along with a brief review of the literature. A single incidence of an osteochondroma developing from the mandibular condyle is added to the growing number of case reports. In addition, an osteochondroma developing from the zygomatic arch is reported. Our review of the literature has shown no previous report of occurrence at this site.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Radiographic changes in the temporomandibular joint subsequent to vertical ramus osteotomy.

The position of the mandibular condyle in patients treated for mandibular protrusion by the oblique vertical osteotomy of the mandibular rami was studied on temporomandibular joint radiographs exposed according to the oblique transcranial projection. Forty-four adults participated in the study, and the radiographs were taken before the operation, 6 weeks postoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. At the 6-week postoperative control all the variables measured indicated a significant downward and forward displacement of the condylar fragment of about 1mm. The changes did not increase the variability of the joint morphology. At the 1-year postoperative control there were still significant differences in the position of the condyle compared with the pretreatment recording. A slight tendency to normalization was, however, observed. The mobility of the condyle, which was greatly restricted at the 6-week postoperative control, was fully restituted 1 year after the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Stress distribution in mandible induced by occlusal force in different horizontal mandibular positions].

The objective of this study was to investigate the stress distribution in the mandible induced by occlusal forces in a various different horizontal mandibular positions identified as neutroclusion, distoclusion, mesioclusion, and laterally shifted occlusion. A three dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) was applied to an artificial model of a simulated mandible constructed as a homogeneous, isotropic and elastic body. This model was divided into 480 elements with 785 nodes. The right and left heads of the mandibular condyles and the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth of the model were restrained. These restraints acted against the loading of the masticatory forces which consisted of a pair of masseter, temporal, and also the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. The stress distributions analyzed by 3D-FEM were graphically demonstrated on a three dimensional display system. The data obtained were summarized as follows: I. Neutroclusion (1) Tensile stress appeared along the anterior border of the ramus, and compressive stress appeared along the angular portion of the ramus. (2) Compressive and tensile stress appeared on the external and the internal surfaces of the anterior portion of the mandibular body. II. Distoclusion and mesioclusion (1) As the position of the mandible was moved distally, the absolute values of the stress tended to increase on the same areas which is the external and the internal surfaces of the anterior portion of the mandibular body. (2) Compressive stress which appeared on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth was very great in distoclusion. At the same time, the stress that appeared on the heads of the mandibular condyle was also great in mesioclusion. III. Right laterally shifted occlusion (1) Tensile stress appeared along the left sides of both of the left and right rami, and compressive stress appeared along the right side of both of the left and right rami. (2) A great amount of stress appeared on the left occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth and on the left portion of the mandibular body. From these results, it was determined probably that the mandibular morphogenesis was influenced by a series of stress factors which were induced by the forces of the masticatory muscles.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1983

Relation of cranial base flexure to cranial form and mandibular position.

From the annually examined sample of the Burlington Growth Centre, the 10% of the boys and girls with the largest, most open cranial base angles were contrasted with the 10% with the smallest, most closed cranial base angles at ages 4, 8, 12, and 16 years with respect to cranial length, width and height, cranial base length, mandibular condyle position, and Angle Class of occlusion. Both groups had crania of similar length, width, and cephalic index, and similar anterior cranial base length. The children with the flattest cranial bases had significantly larger upper cranial height, but much smaller lower cranial height, and as a result had smaller total cranial height than the children with the most closed cranial base angles. Children with the flattest cranial bases had a slightly shorter posterior cranial base region, and the mandibular condyles were located further backward and upward. These children showed a strong tendency to Class II molar relationships. The condyles of the closed cranial base angle groups were more forward and downward, but none of the children had Class III occlusions, and most were normal or Class I. These results do not support the views of Weidenreich (1943, 1945, 1946, 1947), Enlow with others (1973, 1975, 1980) and Lavelle with others (1977, 1979), but agree with the findings of Björk (1955) in 20-year-old males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Condylar osteochondroma: apropos of 3 cases with arthritic lesions].

Three cases of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle were observed with arthrosis type lesions. Based on a review of the literature, the epidemiologic, symptomatologic, pathologic and diagnostic characteristics of this rare benign tumour with facial localization are presented together with the therapeutic approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Tissue localization and possible function of type VI collagen].

Type VI collagen was once considered a minor collagen, but now it is known as a major component of the extracellular matrices of most tissues. Type VI collagen tetramers aggregate into beaded filaments with repeats of approximately 100 nm, and the beaded filaments align laterally to form type VI collagen periodic fibrils by incubation with acidic ATP solution. Polyanionic ATP could cause lateral alignment of type VI collagen beaded filaments. Since the periodic structure is observable by transmission electron microscopy, we can examine the tissue distribution of type VI collagen by ATP treatment. Moreover, the interaction of type VI collagen with other extracellular matrix components can be examined by combining ruthenium red (RR) staining, which specifically interacts with tissue glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), with the ATP treatment. I here describe the localization and possible function of type VI collagen examined in our laboratory. After ATP incubation, numerous type VI collagen periodic fibrils appeared closely associated with striated collagen fibrils (mouse cornea and fibrous layer of mandibular condyle), with trophoblastic and endothelial basal lamina (human placenta), or with cell surface of fibroblasts (mouse tendon) and synovial cells (mouse synovium). The dark bands of the type VI collagen periodic fibrils were stained by RR, indicating the association of proteoglycans (PGs)/GAGs with this collagen. If the mouse corneal tissue was digested with chondroitinase ABC or testicular hyaluronidase prior to ATP treatment, type VI collagens were segregated to form periodic structures apart from striated collagen fibrils. In the mouse mandibular condyle, hyaluronidase digestion before ATP treatment caused unmasking of type VI collagen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Lag-screw fixation of anterior mandibular fractures using biodegradable polylactide screws: a preliminary report.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of biodegradable, self-reinforced poly-L-lactide screws (SR-PLLA) for lag-screw fixation of anterior mandibular fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: SR-PLLA lag-screws were used to stabilize anterior mandibular fractures in 11 patients. Maxillomandibular fixation was used to treat concomitant mandibular condyle fractures for 2 weeks in four patients and for 1 and 5 weeks in two patients. Clinical and radiologic follow-up lasted for 6 months in 36% of patients and for 1 year in 64%. RESULTS: Healing of all anterior fractures was uneventful, with no displacement or delay of bony union. No adverse reactions to the biodegradable screws were seen during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Biodegradable SR-PLLA screw fixation seems to be a new and promising way of treating anterior mandibular fractures.

Absorption↗
PubMed1992

Frequency and type of dental traumas in mandibular body and condyle fractures.

Dental injuries in association with 207 mandibular fractures were evaluated from patient files and radiographs. It was shown that 32% of the dentulous patients with condylar fractures had dental injuries, approximately 3.7 traumatised teeth per patient, most of which were dental hard tissue injuries and situated typically in the maxillary molar region. Dental injuries were diagnosed in 30% in association with mandibular corpus fractures, approximately 3.6 traumatised teeth per patient, and injuries were more often dental luxations in the anterior part of the mandible. It was found that 143 teeth were involved in the line of mandibular corpus fracture of 105 patients (1.4 per patient). More than half of the fracture lines were diagnosed as passing the periodontal ligament.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Condylar hemangioma: report of a case and review of the literature.

According to the World Health Organization, hemangiomas are benign vasoformative neoplasms or developmental conditions of endothelial origin. The body region is the most commonly affected part of the mandible, and only 4 cases of condylar tumors have been reported in the literature to date. The differential diagnosis between high and low flow vascular lesions is crucial for successful treatment, decreasing the occurrence of serious intraoperative hemorrhage. The clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of an intraosseous vascular lesion in the mandibular condyle in a 22-year-old male are presented, and the differential diagnostic aspects between hemangioma, vascular malformation, and high or low flow lesions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Analysis of lesions from mandibular fractures in children. Therapeutic methods (author's transl)].

A statistical analysis was conducted in 22 recent cases of fracture and 4 cases of post-fracture ankylosis treated in the "Hôpital Bretonneau" over the last 5 years. The results demonstrated the frequency of often unrecognized associated condylar lesions (19 of 22 cases of recent fracture). They also emphasized the need to avoid conventional bimaxillary blocking, which when required should be conducted with the "open mouth", in cases of high or severe lesions of the mandibular condyles. Reconstruction of the condylar head involves re-insertion of the meniscular cap associated with regain of function, rather than conservation at any price of the condylar head, even recovered with its "fertile" cartilage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[The therapy of condylar fractures. Clinical study for the evaluation of various modes of treatment].

The treatment of condylar fractures is a matter of controversy. After re-examination of 219 patients, who had previous fractures of the mandibular condyle with dislocation, treated by open reduction, conservative or functional methods, the following observations are made: The conservative treatment will lead to the most favourable results. After functional treatment the condylar remodelling is rare and in majority of cases the function of medial pterygoid muscle is not restored.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Axial 'anchor' screw (lag screw with biconcave washer) or 'slanted-screw' plate for osteosynthesis of fractures of the mandibular condylar process.

Almost a quarter of all mandibular fractures are located in the condylar neck region and generally lead to disturbances of occlusion. Because they still possess active growth centres, children and adolescents can take advantage of the joint's remodelling capacity following conservative treatment of these fractures. Fractures with displacement of the condylar head in adults can interfere with function if they are not surgically reduced (Krenkel and Strobl, 1989). In addition, a compensatory overloading of the non-fractured side, which originally goes unnoticed, can bring about disc pathology and chronic pain years later. For this reason, a surgical technique was developed for the management of mandibular condylar neck fractures. A new axial/oblique-axial lag screw (anchor screw) with biconcave washers (anchor washer) makes it possible to carry out standardized osteosynthesis in the region of the thin mandibular condyle neck. Functional exercises can be initiated immediately after the operation. There are three operative procedures using an extraoral approach (1-3) and two using an intraoral approach (4-5), depending on the type and severity of the fracture: 1. Direct anchor screw osteosynthesis with closed gliding hole. 2. Indirect anchor screw osteosynthesis with open gliding groove and safety plates. 3. Osteosynthesis with a 'slanted-screw' plate for longer oblique fractures. 4. Intraoral anchor screw method. 5. Intraoral anchor screw method with intraoral 'slanted-screw' plate. The functional long-term results of conservatively and surgically treated mandibular condylar neck fractures were objectively documented by means of mechanical and electronic axiography. The functional long-term results of the condylar neck fractures treated surgically were significantly better than those treated conservatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Plates↗