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PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of three nonradiographic methods of mixed dentition analysis in cleft lip and palate patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the application of mixed dentition analyses in cleft lip and palate patients differed from noncleft patients and to investigate which method provided the most accurate prediction in cleft lip and palate patients. METHODS: Study casts of 30 cleft lip and palate patients and 30 noncleft patients were used in this study. Each patient had dental casts at two stages of dental development. The methods compared included the Moyers, the Tanaka & Johnston (T/J) and the Boston University (BU) prediction methods. RESULTS: Analyses for both groups indicated that the predicted values yielded by each method were significantly different from one another but were all significantly correlated with actual tooth size. Moyers 50% and BU had the smallest mean difference values and no significant difference between the predicted and actual values for both cleft and noncleft control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Types of cleft had no effect on the size of the mandibular permanent canines and premolars. The application of mixed dentition analyses in cleft lip and palate patients does not differ from noncleft patients. Both Moyers 50% and the BU method have high accuracy and correlation in prediction of unerupted teeth in both groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Is suprahyoid dissection a diagnostic operation in lower lip carcinoma?

Carcinoma of the lower lip can be treated primarily by surgical procedures. One of the most prominent characteristics of the tumor is that it can metastasize to submental and submandibular lymph nodes. For that reason, bilateral suprahyoid dissection with surgical treatment of the primary lesion is a diagnostic approach for some investigators and therapeutic for others. We evaluated whether bilateral suprahyoid dissection is a diagnostic approach in lower lip cancer or not. Prophylactic suprahyoid dissection had been performed in 53 patients who had been operated for squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip in Ankara Oncology Hospital. Four of the cases were female and 49 male. The median age was 62. Forty-five out of 53 cases had T2 lesions and in the remaining 8 had T3 lesions. All patients were clinically node negative. In the dissection material, lymph node metastasis were present in 8 out of the 45 cases who had T2 tumors (17,7 %) and in 2 out of the 8 cases who had T3 tumors (25%). Three of the 10 cases who had regional lymph node metastasis underwent radiotherapy after surgery. Seven of them did not receive radiotherapy. Thirty-nine patients had regular follow-up for a median of 4.5 years. During this period, none of the patients had regional recurrence in cervical lymph nodes. According to these data, we conclude that bilateral suprahyoid dissection is both a diagnostic and a therapeutic approach in T2, T3 and clinically N0 lower lip tumors.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2002

Growth status of Saudi patients with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if the type of cleft had any influence on the growth achievement of the affected patients. METHODS: The height, weight and head circumference of 63 cleft patients attending the Orthodontic clinic at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between the year 2000-2001, were compared with each other according to the type of cleft present. In addition, a comparison was made between the height and weight of cleft subjects with that of the normal population. RESULTS: The most common type of cleft present was unilateral cleft of the lip and palate, followed by bilateral cleft of the lip and palate, and cleft lip. When the height, weight and head circumference of cleft patients was compared, no significant difference could be found between any groups. In addition, no significant difference could be found between height and weight of cleft patients versus that of the normal population. CONCLUSION: We can conclude from this study, that normal achievement of height, weight and head circumference is to be expected in children with cleft of the lip with or without cleft of the palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Correction of cleft lip nose deformities using Ni-Ti shape memory alloy mesh stent implant].

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy mesh stent for the correction of nasal deformities caused by cleft lip. METHODS: Six patients with cleft lip-nose deformities, aged from 18 to 32, were treated by implantation of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy mesh stent through intra-nasal incisions. RESULTS: The symmetry of the alar and nasal tip were cosmetically acceptable. Satisfactory relationship between the lip and the nose were obtained in all the patients. There were not any postoperative surgical complications by 6 to 12 months' follow-up. CONCLUSION: The Ni-Ti shape memory alloy mesh stent is suitable for use in the correction of adult cleft-lip nose deformities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Expression of VEGF, EGFR, p16 in lip cancers and oral squamous cell carcinomas and their clinic significance].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p16 protein in lip cancers and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as their clinicopathological significance. METHODS: Immunohistochemisty for expression VEGF, EGFR, P16 were carried out in 69 cases of lip cancers and OSCC. RESULTS: Expression of VEGF, EGFR, p16 protein in OSCC and lip cancers was respectively 71.01%, 46.37%, 28.98% and there were no significance between their positive expressions (P > 0.05) as well as in different sites of them (P > 0.05). Expression of VEGF was respectively 71.01% in cancers and 10.00% in non-tumor tissues, there was statistic significance among those (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that there is no correlation to the expression of VEGF, EGFR and P16 protein in OSCC and lip cancers. It is suggests that the expression of VEGF might become one of the useful markers for OSCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The structural basis of the philtrum and the contour of the vermilion border: a study of the musculature of the upper lip.

The course and insertion pattern of muscle fibres in the philtrum of the human upper lip were studied in seven post-mortem specimens using serial histological sections and a reconstruction method using sheets of Plexiglas. The fibres of the musculus orbicularis oris entering the upper lip from one side were observed to decussate in the midline and proceed to insert into the skin of the opposite side lateral to the philtral groove. The philtral ridges appeared to represent the medial borders of bilateral muscle insertion zones of the lip in which the fibres of the m. orbicularis oris raised the level of the skin by splaying out and inserting into it. Contributions to philtral form also came from the musculus levator labii superioris as it descended as far medially as the philtral ridge to insert into the vermilion border lateral to the median groove, and from fibres of the musculus nasalis which inserted into the philtral ridges superiorly. The philtral groove corresponded to the more compact median decussation of the orbicularis oris where lip thickness was also reduced by the relative absence of muscle fibre insertions into the skin. The displacment of the vermilion border giving rise to Cupid's bow appeared to result from the lifting action of the m. levator labii superioris lateral to the median groove in conjuction with a depressor action by the m. orbicularis oris on the median tubercle.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed2002

The current status of lip prints and their use for identification.

The use of lip prints for human identification was first suggested in 1950 and research was carried out on lip prints in the 1960s and early 1970s, resuming in the last few years. Although lip print identification has been utilized in court in isolated cases more research needs to be conducted in this field with regard to confirmation of uniqueness, and the collection and interpretation of evidence. Lip print identification needs to be acceptable in court as scientifically evidence based.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed2003

[A retrospective study of 232 cases of lip cancer and pre cancer in Chilean patients. Clinical-histological correlation].

BACKGROUND: The most common type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. Therefore the oral cancer problem primarily concerns the diagnosis, biology and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, there are red and white lesions, that are considered premalignant, since they may unpredictably transform into cancer. According to WHO, leukoplakia, eritroplakia and actinic cheilitis are considered precancerous lesions which pathologically may correspond to intraepithelial dysplasia, hyperkeratosis, carcinoma in situ or SCC. AIM: To study the clinical and pathological features of lip cancer and premalignant lip lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 232 cases with lip lesions. The frequency, location, gender, age and pathological diagnosis of the lesions were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred fifty four lesions were observed in men and 78 in women, 92% of lesions were located in the lower lip. Seventy two of the 232 lesions were SCC and 72% of these carcinomas were well differentiated. The age of patients with cancer was higher than that of patients with precancerous lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in age between patients with cancer and precancerous lesions, reinforces the existing knowledge that precancerous lesions may transform into cancer if they are not properly diagnosed and treated.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Using scar tissue flap to repair secondary nasal deformities of unilateral cleft lip].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the clinical application of the upper lip scar tissue flap in correcting secondary nasal deformities of unilateral cleft lip. METHODS: Two types of the upper lip scar tissue flap were developed in correcting nasal deformities with Millard's technique. RESULTS: The procedure was performed on 51 patients. All the scar tissue flaps survived completely. The deformities were better corrected than before. CONCLUSION: The scar tissue flap has adequate blood supply. This procedure is routinely combined with other commonly used techniques to correct secondary deformities of cleft lip. It is particularly applicable for repairing the nasal deformity when usable tissue is not enough.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Guidance to parent of black babies with a cleft lip and palate].

There are indications that the parents of babies with a cleft lip and palate often require more information regarding their baby's birth defect than what is given to them. In South Africa shortcomings exist in the literature covering the specific requirements of parents of black cleft lip and palate babies. In this study the unique requirements of parents of black cleft lip and palate babies was determined and, based on these results, an information pamphlet was prepared for this population group. Based on the results obtained with the help of fifteen participants it was established, firstly, that the needs of black South-African parents of children with a cleft lip and palate are similar to the needs of parents of babies with the same birth defect world-wide. Secondly, it was established that the information pamphlet which was compiled as part of the study made a positive contribution to parent guidance conducted with the participants. Important therapeutic implications were also reflected by the results.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1992

Gore-Tex implant as tissue filler in cheek-lip groove rejuvenation.

The cheek-lip grooves, often referred to as nasolabial folds, are one of the facial characteristics most commonly complained about by patients in all age groups. A variety of methods for correction have been proposed, using implants or autografts. Some of the methods have relied on diminishing the crest lateral to the groove thus camouflaging the depth of the cheek-lip fold. These procedures have proven to be of limited effect, either because of the amount of correction obtained or because they are short-lasting. The Gore-Tex implant proved its safety and biocompatibility over the past decade as a vascular graft. The characteristics of this implant material are described and compared to other commonly used synthetic implants. A surgical technique of applying the Gore-Tex soft tissue patch in facial aesthetic surgery, particularly in cheek-lip rejuvenation, is presented. This technique has been applied in 17 consecutive patients for the correction of prominent cheek-lip grooves with a follow-up period of eight months. Results showed satisfactory improvement without significant complications.

Cheek↗
PubMed2003

[Familial cleft lip with or without coexisting cleft palate].

Etiopatology of clefts has not been explained yet. It is assumed that the cause of this defect is complex and heterogeneous. Genes which induce the incidence of cleft have not been detected too but clinical observations indicate a familial predisposition. At the Plastic Surgery Clinic of the Łódz Medical Academy, on years 1972-2001, 3180 children with cleft lip or/and palate were being treated. The group under examination consisted of 540 children with positive family histories. Two genetic groups were confirmed and each of them with a different risk of the reoccurrence of the defect. The first group--cleft lip and palate, the second group--an isolated cleft palate. A correlation between the type of cleft and a child's sex and its cleft affected parent was found. Among children of mothers with cleft lip there were 60% of boys and only 15% of girls with the same type of cleft. In mothers with cleft lip and palate the same type of cleft has been detected in 70% of boys and 18% girls. Similar results were obtained when affected fathers were taken into account. However, in case of mothers and fathers who were affected with isolated cleft palate there were significantly more girls than boys who had cleft palate. An in-depth study of cleft inheritance mechanisms will make in the future a more precise prediction of the occurrence of the defect in consecutive generations possible. Perhaps, the chance to work out cleft preventions will emerge and the gathered data will be taken advantage of in genetic counselling.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth in cleft lip and noncleft mice.

Differences in face shape are considered a factor in cleft lip malformation. The purpose of this study was to analyze craniofacial growth in two strains: A/WySn with 28% cleft lip and C57BL/6J without cleft lip. Standardized photographs of 27 A/WySn and 25 C57BL/6J embryos with 34-46 somites (S) were taken in the superior, frontal, and lateral views. Landmarks were located and digitized for computerized analysis of growth change relative to somite number and at stages of face development before, during, and after primary palate closure. The results showed that both strains had similar overall growth patterns with increases in head width and face width, and decreases in nasal pit width. During early palatal closure in C57BL/6J mice, the nasal pit width was unchanged as brain width increased rapidly; and then later, the nasal pit width decreased as brain width increased slowly. However, during early closure in A/WySn mice, the nasal pit width decreased rapidly as brain width increased slowly; and then later, the nasal pit width was unchanged as brain width increased more rapidly. During early palatal closure, the narrower nasal pit width in A/WySn mice appeared to result from delayed growth of the supporting forebrain as the nasal pits become more medially positioned with normal face development. From the lateral view, the maxillary prominence depth was also smaller in the A/WySn strain during early palatal closure. This deficient forward growth of the maxillary prominences and the narrower positioning of the medial nasal prominences in A/WySn embryos appear to reduce the contact between the prominences and thus predispose this strain to cleft lip malformation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Silicone granuloma of the lip].

Silicone is considered a biocompatible material, and therefore has many applications in medicine. It can be used in a liquid form for subcutaneous injection, in gel form for implants, and in a solid state for prostheses, hemodialysis tubing, etc. The use of injectable liquid silicone for tissue augmentation is widespread, but there are many reports of side effects, some severe and debilitating such as the granulomatous reaction. We report on a patient with an upper lip swelling, who denied having been subjected to any type of lip augmentation. An incisional biopsy was taken, and the pathologist reported an atypical lyphomatous tumor. The patient was informed that a wide excision of the lip was necessary, and then she confessed she underwent silicone injections in the past. This is a case of a granulomatous reaction after silicone injection in the lip. The article also reviews the literature on the subject.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Reconstruction of lower lip resection defect by using Karapandzic technique--early treatment results].

In 1974 Karapandzic described reconstruction technique of the lower lip resection defects by using neuro-vascular flap of the upper lip. In this paper authors present six cases of this reconstruction, were defect after resection was in the range of 50-80% of lower lip. In all cases the result was excellent, comparing to other plastic techniques. Based on the authors scale, functional and aesthetic result was scored. Authors suggest that this reconstruction can be an alternative to other methods using rotation flaps in particular cases of lower lip cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Tongue-lip adhesion in the management of Pierre Robin sequence with airway obstruction: technique and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Airway obstruction and feeding difficulty can occur in patients born with Pierre Robin sequence. In select patients with pronounced micrognathia, surgical intervention to relieve the airway obstruction is necessary. The surgical indications and appropriate surgical procedure continue to have a great deal of controversy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience of tongue-lip adhesion in the management of upper airway obstruction associated with Pierre Robin sequence. METHODS: From March 1995 through May 2002, a total of 14 patients with Pierre Robin sequence, who were admitted to the pediatric neonatal intensive care unit either with prolong intubation, poor body weight gain, or repeated airway infection, underwent tongue-lip adhesion (TLA). The operation was performed by raising mucosa flaps and approximated the muscles between tongue and lower lip. Retention sutures were used. The patients were evaluated for clinical responses. RESULTS: Our successful rate with tongue-lip adhesion was 70%. Ten of the 14 patients showed clinical improvements including extubation of the endotraccheal tube, body weight gain, return for home care, reduced episodes of respiratory infection, and improvement in O2 saturation and blood gas. The surgical procedure was simple to perform without major complications. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review showed that with a thorough preoperative airway evaluation, TLA could be successfully used to treat select patients with Pierre Robin sequence suffering from severe upper airway obstruction. Thus, TLA should be first considered when surgical relief of airway obstruction is indicated and when obstruction is limited to the classic tongue base obstruction type.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pattern of cleft lip and palate [corrected] in Benin City, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To study the pattern of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Benin City, Nigeria and to compare the findings with reports from other parts of the world. The results of this study may be used to improve the welfare of affected patients. DESIGN: A descriptive study. SETTING: The University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: 103 ethnic Nigerian patients with cleft lip and/or palate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consecutive ethnic Nigerian patients presenting with CL/P were studied. Patients' data collected included age, sex, ethnic group, type of CL/P and the laterality pattern. Descriptive statistics were generated for all the variables recorded. RESULTS: There were 49.5% females and 50.5 % males; 95.1% were children and 4.9% were adults. The ethnic groups most often affected were Urhobo 29.1%, Bini 27.1% and Ibo 17.4%. The combined cleft lip and palate 60.2% was the commonest type of cleft. There were 28.2% patients with cleft lip only. More (7.8%) females were affected by the isolated cleft palate deformity. Twenty five patients had exceeded the time of repair. Their reasons were ignorance (36%) and financial constraints (64%) CONCLUSION: The data from this study is consistent with studies from other parts of the world. However, a high proportion of patients did not have access to early treatment due to ignorance and financial constraints. Public enlightenment and financial assistance for the indigent patient is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidermoid carcinoma of the lip: an immunohistochemical study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the expression of the c-erb-B2, p53, bcl-2, Ki67 and CD44varV6 proteins, and to establish their prognostic value in epidermoid carcinoma of the lip. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical study of the c-erb-B2, p53, bcl-2, Ki67 and CD44varV6 proteins in 79 epidermoid carcinomas of the lip, diagnosed and treated over a period of 20 years. The data obtained were subjected to uni- and multi-variate statistical analyses. RESULTS: Immunostaining was positive in 75% of cases for c-erb-B2 protein, in 70.6% for p53 protein, in 3.8% for bcl-2 protein and in 89.9% for adhesion molecule CD44varV6. Ki67 protein expression varied between a minimum of 0% and a maximum of 6.29%. Most immunohistochemical factors analyzed presented no prognostic value for epidermoid carcinoma of the lip. Only those patients affected by this type of tumor that expressed the adhesion molecule CD44varV6 were significantly associated with a greater survival calculated by means of Kaplan-Meier analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The immunohistochemical techniques analyzed for the anatomicopathological study of epidermoid carcinoma of the lip should not routinely be used due to their high cost and low utility in daily clinical practice.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗