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PubMed1986

[Quality control in urography using non-ionic contrast media (iopamidol) and induced hydration].

A trial was carried out with the aim to overcome the limits of the non ionic contrast medium (cm) in the urographic evaluation of ureters and bladder (poor distention and high density). 200 urographies have been performed in patients with normal renal function (group 1: sodium iodamide; group 2: iopamidol; group 3: iopamidol with glucose solution; group 4: iopamidol and injection of glucose solution after 15'). The scores ascribed to the four groups have been compared: in the comparison between ionic and non ionic cm a slight advantage of iodamide is evident, particularly in the evaluation of calyces and ureters. By adding glucose solution to iopamidol after 15', an improvement in the quality of the urogram has been obtained, but not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacology of nonionic roentgen contrast media].

The non-ionic X-ray contrast media metrizamide, iopamidol, iohexol, and iopromide do not bind calcium and are less hyperosmolar than the conventional ionic contrast media, for instance amidotrizoate (diatrizoate), iothalamate, or ioglicate. Hence the use of non-ionic contrast media is associated with less undesirable side-effects that are attributable to hypertonicity such as an increase in circulating plasma volume, decreased deformability of red blood cells, damage of vascular endothelium with consequent activation of blood coagulation, the complement system and fibrinolysis, increased release of bradykinin and histamine, cardiac arrhythmias, diuresis, vasodilation and decreased blood pressure, pain and heat sensation. Because of less dilution the quality of imaging is also better. According to the intravenous LD50 in experimental animals the acute toxicity of non-ionic contrast media is lower than that of ionic media. With respect to contrast quality and the rate of side-effects the various non-ionic contrast media appear to be equivalent. Despite their higher price and higher viscosity it is probable that the non-ionic contrast media will replace the classical ionic media, especially in angio- and myelography.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Angiocinedensitometry with ECG-controlled injections in patients with healthy kidneys and kidney tumors].

According to the method, the necessary equipment and actual attainment of measurements, the results of cinedensitometric evaluations are discussed. The results are based on angiographic examinations of 80 patients (41 hypernephroma and 39 normal kidneys) who have been studied using X-ray cinedensitometry. It could be proven that with the ECG-triggered injection of contrast-medium, measurements of the pulsatile flow in the renal artery during the various periods of heart-motions could be performed with a high degree of accuracy. Curves of the velocity of the bloodflow are therefore attainable. The average velocities of bloodflow show normal values of 8.5 ml/s in normal kidneys, which means 570 ml/min. In hypernephromas, there were increased velocities of bloodflow measuring up to 1400 ml/min, that is a maximal flow of 760 ml/min. Depending upon the pulsatile flow the curves of the bloodflow velocity are very distinctive. The examples of values of bloodflow velocity in hypertrophic kidneys or in hypervascularized renal tumors support these findings. The lower the measured flow velocity is, the more uniform the pattern of the flow profile will be.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1986

Tolerance to morphine effects on renal disposition of xenobiotics in mice.

Morphine administration (20 mg/kg s.c.) slowed renal elimination of phenol red in mice, raising plasma levels of this dye and reducing its levels in urine. After 9 days of twice daily morphine injections up to 100 mg/kg, an acute 20 mg/kg morphine challenge did not produce analgesia or hypothermia as in naive mice. This multiple dose morphine regimen also induced tolerance to the effects of the narcotic on plasma and urine levels of phenol red. Morphine, 20 mg/kg, reduced plasma p-aminohippurate clearance by 72% in naive mice but only by 56% in tolerant mice. However, reduction of iothalamate clearance after an acute morphine challenge did not show a statistically significant difference between naive and tolerant mice. These findings suggest that tolerance is more readily induced to the effects of narcotic on renal blood flow and/or tubular function than to reduction of glomerular filtration. Tolerance to the acute effects of morphine on phenol red disposition is probably due to lessened response of blood flow or tubular function in chronically dosed mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Delayed, triangular, hyperdense, computed x-ray tomography images of the renal parenchyma following iodide injection. Interpretation of transient renal ischemia?].

Three cases of renal ischemia diagnosed by Computed Tomography (CT) are presented. The pathophysiology of renal ischemia which accounts for the CT findings observer in these cases are reviewed. In the appropriate climate setting a diagnosis of renal ischemia may be made by CT, when a zone or zones of low attenuation after injection and enhancement of these same zones 6 to 72 hours later are observed in the kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Cerebral angiography with ioglicinate (Rayvist). A double blind study of image quality and clinical side effects (author's transl)].

The image contrast quality and the patient tolerance of two osmotically active water-soluble contrast agents were examined and compared in double blind study cerebral angiography: Rayvist (an Ioglicinate developed recently) and Telebrix (AN Ioxithalamate). In 100 direct carotid or retrograde brachial angiograms the tolerance of Rayvist was significantly better, primarily because of less subjective patient side effects and less frequent cardiovascular reactions. However, there was no significant difference in neurological complications or deterioriation of EEG-findings, both quite rare anyway.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Systematic and local reactions during phlebography of the leg with special reference to postphlebographic complications. Randomized, prospective, intraindividual double-blind study of iopamidol and ioxithalamate (250 mg I/ml) using the 125I-fibrinogen test: II].

The rate of positive 125I-fibrinogen accumulations after typical ascending phlebography was significantly less (9/40 = 23%) with iopamidol compared with ioxithalamate (16/40 = 40%). The iodine content of the contrast media used in this intraindividual study (40 patients) was 250 mg/ml. With the 125I-fibrinogen uptake accepted as a method of reference, the clinically observed postphlebographic symptoms of thrombophlebitis were false positive in 1/6 and false negative in 3/4 of the cases. These incidences were registered for both contrast media. With the lowered iodine content (250 mg/ml), too, pain reactions were seen in approx. 50% during the injection of the ionic agent, but in none of the cases using the non-ionic agent. Not one of the commercial contrast media can be regarded as "ideal" at this time. Nevertheless, it can be concluded, that non-ionic contrast media with iodine content of 250 mg/ml are highly effective in preventing acute and delayed reactions. Moreover, this concentration seems to be adequate for optimal imaging in phlebography.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

[Myelography and headache].

The side effects associated with the use of Metrizamide, Iopamidol and Iotrol in two double blind studies on lumbar myelography were determined. The cause of headache is explained on the one hand as the result of the distribution of the contrast substance in the CSF space (early headache) and on the other hand due to the CSF leak through the puncture lesion. Iotrol seems to be the safest contrast substance for intrathecal use, however it should be used in the smallest possible amount to reduce even further contrast-related effects in myelography.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Iohexol and ioxithalamate for intravenous urography. A comparative parallel study.

Omnipaque (iohexol) 350 mg I/ml has been compared with Telebrix (ioxithalamate) 380 mg I/ml in 48 patients undergoing intravenous urography. The contrast medium dose corresponded to 400 mg I/kg body weight. No cardiovascular reactions (BP and pulse rate) were observed. Subjective reactions occurred somewhat more frequently after Telebrix than after Omnipaque. Sensation of warmth was significantly less with Omnipaque (p less than or equal to 0.05). The overall radiological quality was equally good for the two contrast media.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of myelographic contrast-medium tolerance with psychometric testing.

Clinical tolerance to the myelographic contrast media metrizamide and iopamidol was evaluated in 26 and 30 patients, respectively, with a battery of neuropsychologic tests before and after myelography in a randomized, double-blind prospective study. Twenty hospitalized patients with chronic back pain were also studied before and after computed tomography to serve as controls relative to the groups administered contrast agents. Measures of conceptual reasoning and affect were sensitive tests of adverse reactions. These paralleled the incidence of somatic reactions and correlated with the dose of contrast medium. Methodologic problems included varying intervals between myelography and psychometric evaluation among subjects and use of a less-than-ideal control group. Neuropsychologic tests appear to be sensitive for detection of subtle adverse reactions and possibly predictive of their occurrence. Iopamidol was tolerated better than metrizamide, with somatic side effects occurring in 38% of patients receiving metrizamide and in 17% of patients receiving iopamidol.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗