Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Handicapped”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Psychopathology of people with mental handicap and epilepsy. I: Maladaptive behaviour.

One hundred and fifty mentally handicapped people (100 from hospital and 50 from the community) with epilepsy were studied along with an individually matched control group of 150 (100 from hospital and 50 from the community) non-epileptic mentally handicapped people. Behaviour was studied using the Profile of Abilities and Adjustment Schedule. Of the total population, 55.3% showed some type of severe behaviour problem. Although the epileptics showed slightly more severe behaviour problems than the non-epileptic group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Some differences emerged between the groups when subgroups of epileptics were studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Worsening of pica as a symptom of depressive illness in a person with severe mental handicap.

The case of a person with severe mental handicap whose pica became uncontrollable during episodes of depressive illness is described. Treatment of the depression with lofepramine markedly reduced the pica, and withdrawal of lofepramine led to recurrence. It is suggested that biological symptoms of depression should be monitored in people with severe mental handicap who show significant episodic worsening of long-standing repetitive behaviour.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Dysthymia and mental handicap.

Two cases of dysthymia in mentally handicapped patients are described. The absence of publications on dysthymia in the mentally handicapped is noted. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment with advanced antidepressants and psychotherapy is emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Male mentally handicapped sex offenders.

BACKGROUND: Sex offences are overrepresented in the mentally handicapped, but information about the characteristics and offence behaviour of this group is limited. METHOD: A retrospective case note survey was made of 47 male patients referred for antisocial sexual behaviour. RESULTS: Of 191 offences and/or incidents committed, 55.5% were heterosexual, 24% indecent exposure, 12.4% homosexual, 13.6% serious and 3.6% involved physical assault. Average age of the offenders was 23.9 years, with a mean IQ of 59.5, and there was a high prevalence of family psychopathology, psychiatric illness, minor physical disabilities, sexual experience, impaired relationship skills and sexual recidivism. Recidivists showed a low specificity for offence type and age and sex of victim. Categorical analysis differentiated a 'sex offences only' group from a 'sex plus other offences' group in the key areas of psychopathology, offence behaviour and outcome; this was supported by factor analysis. CONCLUSION: The finding of two subgroups of mentally handicapped male sex offenders has important implications for prevention, assessment and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Impairment, disability, and handicap in multiple sclerosis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

We studied functional status of MS patients in a geographically based cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota. The 162 definite MS patients who were alive and residing in the study area on December 1, 1991, constituted the MS prevalence disability cohort. We identified 179 cases of definite or probable MS, providing an overall sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rate of 167.5 per 100,000. Median duration of MS from onset was 15.4 years, and median age on prevalence date was 47.5 years. The Minimal Record of Disability for MS determined the degree of impairment, disability, and handicap of the entire cohort within 4 months of the prevalence date. The frequency of Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of the MS prevalence cohort showed a bimodal distribution with peaks at 1 and 6.5 (3.5 [1 to 9.5], median [range]). Approximately one-third of the cohort had marked paraparesis, paraplegia, or quadriplegia. One-fourth of all patients needed intermittent or almost constant catheterization for bladder dysfunction. Few patients (3.7%) reported severe decrease in mentation or dementia requiring supervision. Many patients (53.1%) were working full-time. Most patients (72.2%) maintained their usual financial standard without external support. There were no differences in level of impairment, disability, or handicap observed between the subgroup of 122 patients (75.3%) who are incident cases (onset of disease as residents of Olmsted County) compared with the entire prevalence cohort. This geographically based study of MS demonstrates that the functional status is more favorable than previously recognized.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Survival at what cost? Origins and effects of the modern controversy on treating severely handicapped newborns.

This paper examines the background of technological innovation, ethical debate, and social change, against which the 1980s debate over how to treat severely handicapped newborns in general, and Baby Jane Doe in particular, took place. A commentary follows examining the relative place of government, practitioners, hospital ethics committees, and parents in making decisions about treatment for handicapped newborns.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Legal aspects of withholding treatment from handicapped newborns: substantive issues.

The controversy over nontreatment of handicapped newborns arises in a context of criminal and civil law, against which the current controversy has unfolded. This article examines the legal setting and background under traditional criminal and civil law concepts of nontreatment of handicapped newborns. It focuses on substantive principles of law, showing that nontreatment would be legally permitted when treatment could not be reasonably said to be in the interest of the patient involved, and that nontreatment could be considered criminal where treatment would serve patient interests. It then relates this analysis to procedural issues and the federal Baby Doe legislation and regulations that have recently emerged.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Civil rights and regulatory wrongs: the Reagan administration and the medical treatment of handicapped infants.

Beginning in 1982 the Reagan administration tried to impose federal regulations (based on the civil rights approach of Section 504) on the medical treatment of handicapped newborns in the nation's hospitals. After issuing three sets of regulations, the administration found itself rebuffed by the courts and in ill repute with providers and parts of the public, especially after its widely publicized intervention in the case of Baby Jane Doe illustrated the pitfalls of federal regulation in complex medical decisions. Congress, however, soon enacted legislation employing different means to protect handicapped newborns. The episode offers insights into the dynamics of the U.S. system of separated powers, the limitations of the "civil rights" approach, and the importance of negotiating structures for the resolution of private moral dilemmas with public implications.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Eliminating office architectural barriers to dental care of the elderly and handicapped.

Methods by which the most common architectural barriers to dental care for the elderly and handicapped can be overcome are described. Some physiological and medical conditions that necessitate special provisions in location and design of the office management of patients have been described. The consequences of accessibility have been discussed and suggestions for management of elderly and handicapped patients are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Sport as integration factor of the physically handicapped in our society].

The objective of this study was to make use of sports as a rehabilitation method, as well as to assess the physical, psychological, and social aspects of those present some physical handicap, particularly those who have some kind of chronic disease and are no longer taking part in any rehabilitation program. Thirty handicapped people were evaluated: fifteen started with basketball and fifteen with swimming, according either to the specific preference of each one of them or to the degree and kind of physical impairment. They were submmited to the following evaluations: clinical examination, physiotherapy assessment, social interview and use of the Rivermead Social Scale, functional classification of the sport, use of the Barthel and Rivermead Functional Scales, and the psychological profile test (POMS). After two years, no relevant change in the moving evolution of the athletes were reported. Concerning the POMS psychological test, both basketball and swimming groups presented with high vigor and low depression levels. Considering the social aspects, both groups presented substantial improvement, specially regarding their relationship to one person or more people and also in the everyday activities (be it social, leisure, or domestic), thus leading them to better social integration. This essay shows that sport can bring people who are physically impaired a better social integration and physical conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese].

BACKGROUND: Tinnitus can cause damage to the life quality of patients. The assessment of to what extent a patient's quality of life has been affected by tinnitus can be useful to understand the limitations imposed by this symptom. Also it can be useful for therapeutic programming and for the verification of therapy effectiveness (pre and post treatment evaluation). AIM: To culturally adapt the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), to use it with the Brazilian population and to evaluate its reproducibility. METHOD: The cultural adaptation of the THI (Newman et al., 1996) followed the steps indicated by Guillemin et al., (1993), which include the translation from English to Portuguese, linguistic adaptation and revision of the grammatical and idiomatic equivalences. Assessment of inter and intra-researcher reproducibility of results was also made. Participants of this study were thirty patients (19 females, 63,3% and 11 males, 36,7%) with tinnitus from an otoneurology specialized ambulatory, with ages between 39 and 79 years. RESULTS: The THI was adapted in order to be used with the Brazilian population and was named Brazilian Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. There was no statistically significant difference regarding inter and intra-researcher reproducibility of the results when using the Brazilian version of the questionnaire. A decline in the quality of life regarding emotional, functional and/or catastrophic aspects was observed for all of the assessed patients. CONCLUSION: The THI was translated and culturally adapted in order to be used with the Brazilian population, demonstrating to be a reliable instrument to verify the damage caused by tinnitus in the quality of life of individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Reliability and validity of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique for Japanese individuals with spinal cord injury.

It is necessary and important to quantify the handicap sustained by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, few instruments are available to measure the level of the disability. One of the best developed and most often used measures is the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART). Nevertheless, a Japanese version has not yet been developed and tested for SCI individuals. The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the CHART (CHART-J) and to investigate its test-retest reliability and discriminant validity in SCI in Japan. Fifty-four individuals with SCI participated in the test-retest reliability study and 293 participated in the discriminant validity analysis. We have shown that the test-retest reliability coefficients of the CHART-J range from 0.57 to 1.00. In addition, its discriminant validity is acceptable for individuals with SCI in Japan. Therefore, the CHART-J is useful as a measure of disability for Japanese individuals with SCI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Teaching foster grandparents to train severely handicapped persons.

Five foster grandparents were taught training skills for use in their daily interactions with severely handicapped persons in an institution. Following baseline, specific teaching procedures consisting of teacher instructions, prompts, modelling, and praise were implemented. The grandparents' frequency of training three skill areas increased as the specific teaching was implemented in multiple-baseline format. The total amount of training continued as teacher instructions, prompts, and modelling were terminated and praise continued, although the grandparents spent their training time emphasizing only two of the three skill areas. Teacher presence was gradually reduced over an 11-week period, with no decrease in grandparents' frequency of training. Four of the foster grandchildren, all profoundly retarded and multiply handicapped, demonstrated progress throughout the study. Results were discussed in light of the available contributions of foster grandparents in institutional settings and maintenance of staff training.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Teaching behaviorally handicapped preschool children to share.

We examined the effectiveness of Barton and Ascione 's (1979) package for training sharing in a classroom setting with six behaviorally handicapped preschool children, four of whom were also developmentally delayed. Individual responses in sharing and not sharing were examined. Training consisted of initial instructions, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal, followed by teacher prompts and praise regarding sharing directly in a classroom free play period. Introduction of training in a multiple-baseline design across three pairs of children resulted in substantial increases in sharing for five of the six children. Results for negative interactions were less clear but suggested that concomitant decreases occurred for the same five children. The response analysis indicated that (a) individual components of sharing (offers, requests, and acceptances ) all increased with training; (b) most children were more likely to initiate sharing through requests than through offers; (c) the proportion of sharing initiatives accepted by peers increased with training despite a much greater absolute number of initiatives; and (d) of the three negative behaviors (opposing play, taking without asking, and aggression) examined as incompatible with sharing, the most prevalent response was opposing other children's play. Individual differences in initial social repertoires and responsiveness to training were examined with respect to their implications for research and practice. Overall, the findings provide an encouraging indication of an intervention program for children with behavioral, social, and developmental handicaps.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Teaching social language to moderately handicapped students.

Three students with moderate handicaps were taught to initiate and expand on conversational topics. The teaching procedure used stimuli generated from actual conversations with nonhandicapped peers. Generalization was assessed by audiotaping conversations between the handicapped students and their peers in natural school contexts without adult supervision. Results indicated that training generalized to natural contexts. These results were socially validated by undergraduate special education students, who rated tapes of two of the students' conversations during training phases as more socially competent than during baseline. Results are discussed in terms of the evaluation of complex social behavior as multioperant behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Peer intervention effects on communicative interaction among handicapped and nonhandicapped preschoolers.

A peer-mediated intervention designed to promote communicative interaction on the part of three language-delayed children was evaluated. Two nonhandicapped preschoolers were taught strategies thought to facilitate interaction and were prompted to use these strategies during free play with three handicapped classmates. The intervention resulted in higher rates of interaction for each of the handicapped children that persisted above baseline levels after teacher prompting was withdrawn.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Computerized assessment of preference for severely handicapped individuals.

An investigation was conducted to demonstrate the application of a computerized assessment procedure for determining the preferences of persons with severe handicaps. A computer program was designed to interpret subjects' microswitch activations to produce three distinct types of events (visual, auditory, and tactile). A combination of a multiple baseline design across subjects with a multiple treatment design involving three separate conditions was used. The data obtained from the computerized assessment procedure revealed idiosyncratic preference patterns for the three subjects. Results of the investigation demonstrated that the preferences of severely handicapped individuals can be systematically assessed and analyzed.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of two stimulus prompt strategies with severely handicapped students.

In this study we compared the effectiveness and efficiency of two treatment packages that used stimulus prompt sequences and task analyses for teaching community living skills to severely handicapped students. Four severely and multiply handicapped students were trained to perform four tasks: (a) making toast, (b) making popcorn, (c) operating a clothes dryer, and (d) operating a washing machine. Following baseline, each student was exposed to two types of training procedures, each involving a task analysis of the target behavior. Training Procedure 1 (Traditional) utilized a least-to-most restrictive prompt sequence. Training Procedure 2 (Prescriptive) utilized ongoing behavioral assessment data to identify discriminative stimuli. The assessment data were used to prescribe instructional prompts across successive training trials. Performance on the tasks was evaluated within a combination multiple baseline (across subjects) and probe (across tasks) design. Training conditions were counterbalanced across subjects and tasks. Results indicated that both training procedures were equally effective in increasing independent task acquisition for subjects on all tasks; however, the prescriptive procedure was the more efficient procedure.

Activities of Daily Living↗