Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HOMOSEXUALITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Serogrouping Neisseria gonorrhoeae: correlation of coagglutination serogroup WII with homosexually acquired infection.

With coagglutination reagents prepared against W antigens, 205 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were classified into three serogroups WI, WII, and WIII. Of 195 strains isolated from patients who acquired their infection in the Edinburgh area, 85 (44%) belonged to serogroup WI and 110 (56%) to serogroup WII. Serogroup WII accounted for 90% of all isolates from homosexual men and for 34% and 47% of isolates from heterosexual men and women respectively (p less than 0.001). In homosexual men serogroup WII predominated regardless of the anatomical site from which the strain was isolated, and accounted for 94% of rectal, 90% of urethral, and 81% of pharyngeal isolates.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1986

Introduction of lymphadenopathy associated virus or human T lymphotropic virus (LAV/HTLV-III) into the male homosexual community in Amsterdam.

To establish when lymphadenopathy associated virus or human T lymphotropic virus (LAV/HTLV-III) was introduced into the Netherlands, we studied a cohort of homosexual men who participated in a hepatitis B vaccine efficacy study between 1980 and 1982. On entry into the study (November 1980 to December 1981) five (0.7%) out of 685 participants were found to have antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III, and during follow up 15 seroconversions were detected among the 680 who had been seronegative initially (end point attack rate 3%). LAV/HTLV-III was not transmitted by the heat inactivated hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine used. Anal sexual contact and antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were found to correlate with seropositivity or seroconversion for LAV/HTLV-III. Six out of 15 men who seroconverted reported a mononucleosis like illness, but three of them had other concurrent virus infections. To date, only one of the 20 seropositive men has developed the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), three years after his seroconversion. This study shows that the introduction of LAV/HTLV-III into the Dutch male homosexual community took place at the end of the 1970s, a few years before the first case of AIDS in a native Dutchman.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Rectal spirochaetosis in homosexual men: characterisation of the organism and pathophysiology.

Microbiological and electron microscopy studies were carried out on rectal biopsy specimens and faecal samples from eight practising male homosexuals and five heterosexual controls. Rectal spirochaetosis was present in five of the eight homosexual men. The organism was cultured and morphologically identified as a large anaerobic host associated treponeme. The degrees of infestation and depletion of microvilli were also measured. The results are discussed in relation to the possible clinical importance of rectal spirochaetosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sigmoidoscopy--a necessary procedure in the routine investigation of homosexual men?

In a study to assess the value of sigmoidoscopy in the routine investigation of homosexual men, this procedure was undertaken on 1118 men who attended a sexually transmitted diseases clinic as "new" or "return new" patients. Serious rectal disease was not identified in any of the 557 men who were symptomless at the initial attendance. Though the extent of the proctitis diagnosed in 166 men would not have been defined, 99% (465) of 470 anorectal lesions would have been identified if proctoscopy alone had been performed. It is concluded that sigmoidoscopy does not have a role in the routine investigation of homosexual men.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
PubMed1988

Failure rate of condoms during anogenital intercourse in homosexual men.

Two hundred and seventy seven homosexual men participating in an AIDS study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, were interviewed in July to December 1986 regarding their experiences with the use of condoms during anogenital intercourse. It appeared that in many cases the condoms used could not be described as reliable, or were not used safely. In 8% (117/1468) of cases the condom tore or slipped off. When different condoms were compared, it was seen that "qualified" anal condoms functioned best. Other anal condoms functioned worse, and in many cases even worse than classic vaginal condoms. Whether these differences exclusively depended on differences in quality cannot be assessed. Men who buy a qualified anal condom are possibly more motivated and thus also less likely to have failures. Regarding the apparent unreliability of the condoms used, homosexual men are advised to refrain from anogenital intercourse. When this is not feasible, a qualified anal condom should be used.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Heterosexual sexual behaviour in a sample of homosexually active men.

Three hundred and fifty six homosexually active men were recruited in 1988 for a study by interview of sexual behaviour. Thirty two per cent had homosexual passive anal sex in the previous month and 60% in the year before interview. Anal sex and unprotected anal sex were more common with regular than non-regular partners. Heterosexual sex was reported by 4% of men in the last month and 10% for the last year. Sixteen per cent of heterosexually active men reported anal sex with a female partner. Fewer men described themselves as bisexual than would be expected from the sample's recent sexual histories. More attention is needed to the definition and measurement of "bisexuality" to understand its role in HIV transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection: a five year study in a London cohort of homosexual men.

Progression rates from asymptomatic to symptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection according to the CDC classification were prospectively studied in a cohort of 172 seropositive homosexual and bisexual men. The median follow-up time was 4 years. The progression from data of entry to the study to any group IV disease was 56% (SE 7%) at 5 years. However, the progression from an estimated date of seroconversion to any group IV disease was 36% (SE 4%) at 5 years. This was more than double the progression rate to AIDS-14% (SE 3%) at 5 years calculated in the same way. There were no differences in progression to AIDS from group IV A (systemic symptoms such as unexplained fever, weight loss or persistent diarrhoea) and group IV C-2 (oral candida or oral hairy leukoplakia). Progression rates to AIDS were significantly lower (p = 0.02) in patients who were under 25 years of age at entry than in those over 25. A review of progression rates to AIDS among homosexual cohorts shows that they tend to be higher than in cohorts of haemophiliac patients, in the early stage of infection. However, when Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the outcome measure, progression rates in all studies are remarkably similar.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Factors associated with clinical and sub-clinical anal human papillomavirus infection in homosexual men.

OBJECTIVES: (I) to determine the relative sensitivities of clinical examination, cytology and HPV DNA hybridisation for the detection of anal human papillomavirus infection; and (ii) to examine various factors which may influence presentation of anal human papillomavirus infection in homosexual men. METHODS AND RESULTS: 112 unselected homosexual men attending a Sydney STD clinic for routine screening underwent a complete anogenital and physical examination, during which blood samples (for haematological, serological and immunological investigations), rectal swabs (for culture of anal pathogens) and anal scrapes of the dentate line (for cytology and HPV DNA hybridisation) were collected. Papanicolaou-stained anal smears were examined for cytological abnormalities, including those indicative of HPV infection or anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). HPV DNA was detected by high stringency dot hybridisations using radiolabelled HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 DNA probes. Visible anal condylomata, situated either externally or in the anal canal, were present in 26% of these men; 46% had cytological evidence of HPV infection, and 19% of the smears showed evidence of mild to moderate dysplastic changes (AIN I-II). Detectable HPV DNA was present in 40% of the anal scrapes. By combining these results, a total of 73 men (65%) were found to have at least one of the indicators of HPV infection. These data, together with that relating to HIV antibody, immune status and past or present infection with other STDs, was correlated with information obtained from a questionnaire administered to the patients at the time of their clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS: In this study cytology was found to be slightly more sensitive than HPV DNA dot hybridisation for the detection of HPV infection in the anal canal, providing the full range of HPV-associated cytological changes were accepted as a basis for diagnosis. Clinical anal lesions were more likely to be detected in young men, men who had symptomatic HIV infection and those with a history of past anal wart infection. The latter group also had a higher incidence of cytologically apparent HPV infection in their anal smears. There was a significant association between the detection of HPV 16/18 and the presence of anal dysplasia, but there were no significant correlations between HPV infection or anal dysplasia and HIV antibody, immune function status, sexual practices or history of other STDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Homosexual prostitution among male drug users and its risk for HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: to assess whether male prostitution is an independent risk factor for HIV infection among male (intravenous and nonintravenous) drug users. DESIGN: a cross-sectional study. SETTING: various low-threshold methadone clinics and the sexually transmitted diseases clinic of the Municipal Health Service in Amsterdam and a drug-treatment centre in The Hague. PARTICIPANTS: 343 male intravenous drug users and 106 male non-intravenous drug users. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: characteristics concerning drug use behaviour, sexual behaviour, and sociodemography, related to prostitution and HIV-antibodies. RESULTS: of the 449 study participants, 88 (20%) reported a history of prostitution; no differences were found between intravenous and non-intravenous drug users. Younger age, West German nationality, and having had private homosexual sex contacts, were independent predictors of a history of prostitution. Independent predictors of HIV infection were (1) longer residency in Amsterdam; (2) having had predominantly homosexual private sex contacts; (3) longer duration of intravenous drug use; and (4) frequent needle sharing. CONCLUSION: no evidence was found to suggest that male prostitution in itself contributed to the risk of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hepatitis C virus infection in a large cohort of homosexually active men: independent associations with HIV-1 infection and injecting drug use but not sexual behaviour.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a cohort of homosexually active men, with particular reference to assessing sexual transmission. DESIGN: Prevalence based on cross-sectional testing for HCV (c100 protein) antibody in a cohort using sera stored between 1984 and 1989, and assessment of risk factors using a case-control analysis based on questionnaire data from HCV positive and negative subjects. SUBJECTS/SETTING: 1038 homosexually active men who were participating in a prospective study established to identify risk factors for AIDS. They had been recruited through private and public primary care and sexually transmissible disease (STD) services in central Sydney. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of HCV antibody and its association with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and other STDs, number of sexual partners, sexual practices and recreational drug use. RESULTS: Overall, 7.6% of subjects tested were seropositive for HCV antibody. In univariate analysis, HCV infection was significantly associated with injecting drug use (IDU) (OR = 8.18, p < 0.0001) and HIV infection (OR = 3.14, p < 0.0001) and with self reported history of syphilis (OR = 1.88, p = 0.016), anogenital herpes (OR = 1.93, p = 0.017), gonorrhoea (OR = 2.43, p = 0.009) and hepatitis B (OR = 1.92, p = 0.010). In case control analysis, similar sexual behaviours (partner numbers and practices) were reported by HCV positive and HCV negative subjects except that HCV negative subjects more frequently reported engaging than HCV positive subject in unprotected receptive anal intercourse without ejaculation (OR = 0.61, p = 0.034), unprotected insertive (OR = 0.59, p = 0.039) and receptive (OR = 0.56, p = 0.016) oro-anal intercourse (rimming) and insertive fisting (OR = 0.48, p = 0.034). In multiple logistic regression analyses, only HIV-1 infection (OR = 3.18, p < 0.0001) and IDU in the previous six months (OR = 7.24, p < 0.0001) remained significantly associated with the presence of HCV antibody. CONCLUSIONS: IDU was the major behavioural risk factor for HCV infection. If sexual or another from of transmission did occur, it may have been facilitated by concurrent HIV-1 infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A study of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV positive homosexual men.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of high grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN), the value of anal cytology in screening for HGAIN, and the characterisation of epidemiological factors and human papillomavirus (HPV) types. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of HIV positive homosexual men. Subjects were interviewed, underwent STD, anal cytological, and HPV screening at enrolment and at subsequent follow up visits with anoscopy and biopsy at the final visit. 57 enrolled, average CD4 count 273 x 10(6)/l (10-588); 41 completed the cytological surveillance over the follow up period (181 visits, average follow up 17 months), 38 of these had anoscopy and anal biopsy. RESULTS: Oncogenic HPV types were detected in 84% and high grade dyskaryosis in 10.5% (6/57) at enrollment. There was a 70% incidence of high grade dyskaryosis during follow up in patients with negative/warty or low grade dyskaryosis at enrollment. Anoscopy correlated with histology in high grade AIN lesions (sensitivity 91%, specificity 54%) and cytology was 78% sensitive (18/23) for HGAIN on biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: AIN and infection with multiple oncogenic HPV types are very common among immunosuppressed HIV positive homosexual men. Apparent progression from low to high grade cytological changes occurred over a short follow up period, with no cases of carcinoma. All 23 cases of HGAIN were predicted by cytology and/or anoscopy. Future studies focusing on the risk of progression to carcinoma are needed before applying anal cytology as a screening tool for AIN in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Psychosocial predictors of HIV/STI risk behaviours in a sample of homosexual men.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of STI/HIV risk behaviours in a sample of homosexual men and investigate the psychosocial and cognitive variables associated with these behaviours. METHOD: A sample of 123 users of a homosexual men's sexual health clinic completed a questionnaire which included demographic information, psychometric measures, history of sexual risk behaviour, and history of non-consensual sex (NCS). RESULTS: High rates of sexual risk were found in this sample behaviour (36% of men had risky sex in the previous month) despite using a narrower definition than other recent studies. Comparable rates of non-consensual sex were found in this sample (26% of the sample had experienced NCS); however, this variable was not directly linked to increased risk behaviour. Depression and cognitions associated with controllability or predictability of risk were associated with increased HIV/STI risk behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical measures of depression are associated with risk behaviour in this sample as are cognitions about the uncontrollability of risk and reducing chances of exposure to HIV by insertive sexual practices and fidelity. Demographic variables, a history of non-consensual sex and depression are not predictors of risk behaviour when sexual risk cognitions are used to predict unsafe sexual practices indicating that cognitions are foremost in driving risk behaviours, demographic variables, and the NCS history of the subject. Given the considerable costs of providing medical care to patients with HIV it is likely that even modest reductions in rates of HIV infection through proactive psychological interventions to modify erroneous cognitions will prove highly cost effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pulmonary presentation of Kaposi's sarcoma in a homosexual patient.

In the past two years there has been an unprecedented outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among male homosexuals with idiopathic acquired cellular immunodeficiency. A homosexual patient is presented in whom KS was first recognized in the lung. Pulmonary presentation of KS has not been previously reported in this group of patients. Therefore, KS must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with acquired immunodeficiency, even in the absence of skin or lymph node involvement.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Sexual identity of 37 children raised by homosexual or transsexual parents.

The author reports on 37 children who are being raised by female homosexuals or by parents who have changed sex (transsexuals): 21 by female homosexuals, 7 by male-to-female transsexuals, and 9 by female-to-male transsexuals. The children range in age from 3 to 20 years (mean = 9.3) and have lived in the sexually atypical households for 1-16 years (mean = 4.9). Thirty-six of the children report or recall childhood toy, game, clothing, and peer group preferences that are typical for their sex. The 13 older children who report erotic fantasies or overt sexual behaviors are all heterosexually oriented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Amyl nitrite use among homosexual men.

The authors interviewed 150 homosexual men to determine the relationship between use of amyl nitrite and certain aspects of homosexuality. They found that the use of amyl nitrite is strongly related to a number of unconventional, deviant sexual practices and to certain medically related problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Maintenance of hope in HIV-spectrum homosexual men.

The struggle to maintain hope has been described as a central theme faced by clinicians who work with HIV-spectrum people. The authors investigated psychiatric and psychosocial variables thought to be related to level of hope in a community sample of 208 HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men, with the goal of identifying possible risk and protective factors in the progression of HIV infection. Overall, they found high levels of hope and low levels of current syndromal disorder or depressive symptoms. While the sample was a selected group of successful and well-educated homosexual men, it nevertheless remains noteworthy that they were able to preserve a sense of faith in their future despite HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Bereavement reactions among homosexual men experiencing multiple losses in the AIDS epidemic.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined whether deaths of lovers and close friends from AIDS increased the frequency of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in a group of homosexual men. METHOD: Two hundred seven volunteer male homosexual subjects were interviewed in New York City in 1988 and 1989. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, administered by a clinician, and two self-report symptom checklists. Subjects were evaluated for major depression with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Each subject also reported the number of lovers and close friends who had died of AIDS 1) since the beginning of the epidemic in 1981 and 2) in the 6 months preceding the interview. RESULTS: Neither the overall level of depressive symptoms, the presence of specific symptom clusters, nor the presence of a diagnosed depressive disorder was related to the number of AIDS deaths a subject reported in either time frame. In contrast, bereavement reactions specific to loss, namely, preoccupation with and searching for the deceased, were more common in subjects with greater numbers of losses. The findings for depressive symptoms and major depression are not readily explained by measurement artifact, overrepresentation of asymptomatic subjects among study volunteers, habituation effects, numbness, or shallowness of attachments in the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in normative expectations regarding AIDS deaths and mobilization against AIDS within the gay community may account for the lack of association between the number of losses resulting from AIDS and the presence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Serum prolactin levels in homosexual and bisexual men with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: Prolactin is a neurohormone that may be secreted in response to stress and also has regulatory effects on the immune system. Some, but not all, studies suggest that prolactin levels are higher than normal in persons with HIV infection. The authors measured prolactin levels in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men to assess possible differences in levels and then examined relationships between prolactin level and measures of medical status, anxiety, depression, stress, and neuropsychological test performance. METHOD: Blood for prolactin level determination was obtained from 121 HIV-seropositive and 79 HIV-seronegative homosexual and bisexual men enrolled in a longitudinal study. The men also underwent a daylong assessment that included medical, immunological, psychiatric, psychosocial, psychosexual, and neuropsychological evaluations. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in serum prolactin level among the seronegative men, the seropositive men with no or minimal physical symptoms, and the seropositive men with significant physical symptoms of HIV infection. Furthermore, within the HIV-seropositive group, the correlations between serum prolactin level and measures of depression, anxiety, stress, and neuropsychological test performance were all nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Serum prolactin level does not seem to respond to HIV infection or to be related to stress or psychiatric symptoms in HIV-infected men. As none of the subjects had AIDS, the possibility cannot be ruled out that prolactin level increases in very late stages of HIV infection.

Adult↗