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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Identification of monoclonal antibodies against protein E1 of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus blocking the hemagglutinating but not the infective activity of virions].

Cellular clone (MAK 14-7), producing antibodies against the virus of Venezuela equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), strain 230, was isolated using the standard hybridomata technology. Monoclonal antibodies neutralized the viral hemagglutinating activity leaving the infectious one intact. Monoclonal antibodies from MAD 14-7 reacted specifically with viral glycoprotein E1 as registered by the immunoprecipitation technique. The topography of antigenic determinants of viral E1/E2 glycoprotein dimer forming the virions outer spikes is discussed in connection with the results obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Etiology of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children. II. A study of the specific immune response by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the complement fixation and passive hemagglutination reactions].

Specific immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae has been studied in 158 children with acute pneumonia and pleuritis and 128 children with chronic pneumonia by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and in the complement fixation (CFT) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) tests. The use of CIE leads to the detection of antibodies to H. influenzae in 23.7% of children with acute pneumonia and in 46.9% of children with chronic pneumonia. In the CFT antibodies to H. influenzae are also more often detected in children with chronic pneumonia (48%) than in those with acute respiratory infections (12.2%). In the PHA test high titers of antibodies to type b H. influenzae capsular polysaccharide occur in 11.9% of children with acute pneumonia and in 8.2% of children with chronic pneumonia.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

[Detection of Mycoplasma antigens (Mycoplasma arthritidis and Mycoplasma fermentans) in the tissues of experimentally infected animals by using indirect immunofluorescence and aggregate-hemagglutination reactions].

The analysis of the results obtained in the detection of mycoplasmic antigens in tissues of infected rabbits by means of the immunofluorescence test and the aggregate hemagglutination test, carried out in parallel, indicates that both these tests are highly specific, while the immunofluorescence test is more sensitive.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibody response to Newcastle disease virus given by two different routes as measured by ELISA and hemagglutination-inhibition test and associated tracheal immunity.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the conventional hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test were compared for their ability to measure the primary serological response of chickens inoculated by the intranasal-intraocular (IN-IO) routes with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the secondary response after intratracheal (IT) challenge. In addition, these responses were compared with the temporal antibody response of chickens inoculated only once by the IT route. Both tests detected NDV-specific antibody by 7 days postinoculation (PI) in the IN-IO-inoculated group, while ELISA and the HI test detected antibody at 4 and 7 days, respectively, in the IT-inoculated group. Titers measured by each test were parallel in quantifying the antibody response, and titers rose anamnestically in response to secondary IT challenge at 21 days PI. ELISA titers remained high at 42 days PI, but the HI titers began to decline at this time. There was a good agreement (R = 0.94) between the results of the two tests throughout both primary and secondary responses. Conversely, there was little agreement between the results of the two tests after 21 days PI in the absence of secondary challenge. Antibody levels were higher when inoculation was by the primary IT route, and they persisted throughout the experiment (86 days). Ciliary activity served as a measure of tracheal immunity or infection of tracheal epithelium. It was reduced as early as 2 days PI and was nearly or completely absent by 5-6 days PI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1985

[Detection of autoantibodies to blood coagulation factors by the passive hemagglutination reaction and by an immunoenzyme (ELISA) method].

Plasma of healthy persons and intact animals contains antibodies to blood coagulation factors IIa and Xa of autologous origin demonstrated by passive hemagglutination and ELISA. During fibrin formation, autoantibodies are bound and thus are not detectable in the serum. The importance of the facts described for hemostasis control is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rubella immunity measured by hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Evaluation of the immunity to rubella by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in a series of 1,697 sera collected from women of childbearing age, showed a 65% agreement; 33% were ELISA-positive and HI-negative at a 1:16 dilution and only 2% were ELISA-negative and HI-positive. Among 241 women given the rubella vaccine following an HI titer of less than 1:16, no change was observed in 208 in the postimmunization HI test, but only 11 were negative when ELISA was used. The retesting by ELISA of 110 preimmunization sera showed that 67 (61%) were positive, and therefore the vaccine had been unnecessarily administered. In a series of 72 HI tests that did not permit interpretation because of a nonspecific reaction, ELISA provided quite clear results. ELISA appears to be a sensitive technique for the evaluation of the true immune status to rubella in sera with low HI levels (less than 1:16), as well as in circumstances where the HI test reacts nonspecifically.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of detergents on the hemagglutinating activity of different strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus].

A new genetic marker, sensitivity of hemagglutinins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) strains to the effect of hyamine 10-X (Hs), was used for characterization of the hemagglutinating component of freshly isolated TBE virus variants with differing neurovirulence and for strain grouping. This marked may also be used for directed search of strains highly active in HI.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Advantages of the immunodiagnosis of bovine hypodermosis established by passive hemagglutination and by ELISA, using serum and lactoserum, over the warble count].

For an immunodiagnosis of hypodermosis, the most favourable period, December to April, was determined by means of annual kinetics of the anti-Hypoderma antibodies. From 69 blood samples, immunodiagnosis by means of a passive hemagglutination and ELISA are strictly correlated (r = 0.429, P less than 0.01). The results obtained by the ELISA technique on the serum and lactoserum of 23 cows are also correlated (r = 0.444, P less than 0.02). The immunodiagnosis of hypodermosis carried out on the serum or the lactoserum requires a single sample, contrary to the warble count which demands numerous interventions in order to be viable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A passive hemagglutination test for detecting bovine serum albumin antibodies.

A microtiter passive hemagglutination test is described for detecting and titrating antibodies in chickens. Chicken erythrocytes are coated with antigen (bovine serum albumin = BSA) in the presence of 0.25% glutaraldehyde. Such sensitized erythrocytes are agglutinated in the presence of antibodies against BSA. The sensitivity and specificity of the test are not affected by salt concentrations in the range of 0.9-9%. This test measures the course of antibody response in chickens immunized with BSA.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Clinical resistance to vasopressin. Detection of antibody by hemagglutination.

We describe a patient with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus who after 20 years became refractory to the effect of commercial vasopressin injection. Vasopressin antibodies were measured using a sensitive hemagglutination technique. Resistance was associated with a high titer of antibodies that disappeared once vasopressin therapy was withdrawn and the diabetes insipidus was controlled with chlorpropamide. Antibodies were also measured in four additional patients with diabetes insipidus while they were or were not receiving vasopressin. A patient who had received the drug for only two years already had a substantial titer of antibodies to vasopressin, but in this case the response to the hormone was not impaired.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influenza hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in hospitalized children. Distribution of specific activity into IgM, IgG and IgA classes.

Sera from 75 children hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory virus disease were tested by hemagglutination-inhibition as regards influenza A2 and B antibody shifts. In 48 patients there was an antibody shift during the clinical evolution of the disease (against influenza A2 in 34, B-- in 11, A2 and B in 3cases). A significant proportion of sera with antibody shift associated with a decrease of serum IgG levels and with an increase of serum IgM and IgA levels.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in vaccinated children with renal disease.

One year after immunization with a single 0.5-mL dose of influenza virus vaccine, serum samples from 30 children with renal diseases were tested for serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titers to A/New Jersey/76, A/Victoria/75, and A/USSR/77. Eleven unvaccinated children with renal diseases formed a comparison group. In contrast to the comparison group (0/11), 53% (16/30) of the vaccinated group had a protective level of serum HI titers (greater than or equal 1:40) against A/New Jersey. A protective level of serum HI titer against A/Victoria was noted in 83% (25/30) of the vaccinated group, while 54% (6/11) of the unvaccinated group had similar HI titers. None had a detectable HI titer against A/USSR. A minor common cold-like illness occurred in seven of the 30 vaccinated children; one of these had exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. The data suggest a good protection against influenza one year after vaccination in children with renal disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1969

Rubella. Technical problems in the performance of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests.

The rubella hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test is the most sensitive serologic method available for diagnosis of infection and for determination of immunity status. At present, however, it is not a well-standardized procedure and several modifications are in use. Comparison of results obtained on the same specimens by different laboratories has shown wide variations. The sensitivity and reliability of the technique is decidedly influenced by each of the variables of the test system; these include erythrocytes, antigen, methods employed for removal of non-specific inhibitors and natural agglutinins from test sera, the pH of the diluents and the temperature of incubation. The presence or absence of hi antibody cannot be determined reliably by screening a single low dilution of serum. Commercially available reagents and kits for rubella hi tests vary widely in their reliability. The test should be performed only by experienced persons who understand the principles of the technique and who are aware of the pitfalls and of the importance of using adequate controls in each run.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental studies on drug sensitization. II. Production of antiacetylsalicylyl antibodies and their detection by passive hemagglutination.

Antiacetylsalicylyl antibodies were produced in rabbits and guinea-pigs by innoculation of acetylsalicylic acid incorporated in Freund adjuvant. These antibodies were readily detected by a passive hemagglutination test using rabbit erythrocytes incubated with acetylsalicylic acid at alkaline pH. Acetylsalicylyl conjugates with human gammaglobulin, bovine gammaglobulin and rabbit gammaglobulin were also prepared by incubating the proteins with acetylsalicylic acid at alkaline pH. In parallel experiments, salicylic acid did not induce formation of specific antibodies capable of reacting with acetylsalicylic or salicylic acid-treated erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antigenic subgroups of influenza A (Hsw1 N1) virus differentiated by hemagglutination inhibition.

Eleven influenza A/swine virus strains could be arranged in three subgroups by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titrations. The antisera used include post-infection ferret sera (native as well as after adsorption with heterologous Hsw1 N1 virus) and paired human sera from recent influenza A patients, showing antibody titre rises against A/swine virus. For serological detection of infections with an unknown A/swine virus, virus strains of the subgroup with the broadest reactivity are more suitable than other strains. This subgroup comprises A/swine/1976/31, A/New Jersey/8/76 and A/X-53. The same will hold for vaccine strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibody response to strain combinations of Newcastle disease virus as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition.

Differences in antibody response to three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains--B-1, LaSota, and Ulster--were investigated using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) micro-titer test in chickens hatched from ND-immune and unimmune flocks. When used singly as primary vaccines, the Ulster strain stimulated the lowest antibody response of the three in both immune and unimmune (susceptible) chickens. Subgroups of each of the primary-vaccinated groups were revaccinated with each of the three strains. Ulster-vaccinated chicks, revaccinated with Ulster, gave the poorest booster response. All other revaccination combinations gave a significant titer increase, though some were better than others. It is suggested that the Ulster strain as primary vaccine followed by booster does of B-1 or LaSota will induce a higher antibody response (i.e., immunity) in susceptible chicken populations with less risk of a post-vaccination reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Detection of varicella-zoster antibody by immune adherence hemagglutination test.

The immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) is a more sensitive and specific test for evaluation of humoral immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) than a conventional complement fixation (CF) test. The equipment, reagents, procedure used in the IAHA are basically the same as those employed in the CF test. After VZ vaccination, seroconversions detected by IAHA test were significantly greater than those by CF test (P less than 0.01, chi 2 test). Moreover, the IAHA titers were higher about 4 times (G.M. 30.9 vs 8.2) and persisted longer than CF titers. Although the IAHA antigen is not a commercial product, the IAHA is sensitive and suitable assay for VZ antibody determination in routine serological laboratory.

Adolescent↗