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Results for “Genetics, Behavioral”

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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Open-field behavior in mice: A diallel analysis of selected lines.

The open-field behavior of 719 mice resulting from a diallel cross among the six lines of the DeFries selection experiment was assessed. Results of several analyses employing different models and procedures in open-field activity and defecation among these lines have predominantly additive effects. Estimates of heritability obtained from these analyses were considerably higher than previous estimates based on familial resemblance or the realized response to selection; thus estimation of heritability from diallel analyses is clearly unwarranted when selected lines are employed and the character of interest has been either directly or indirectly subjected to artificial selection.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

The genetics of gambling and behavioral addictions.

Behavioral addictions are considered as the repetitive occurrence of impulsive behaviors without consideration of their potential negative consequences. These addictions represent an increasing cost to society and are an important new field of research in psychiatric genetics. There has been a growing body of evidence on the familial aggregation and genetic influences on the development of behavioral addictions and mainly on pathological gambling. The aim of this article is to critically review findings of family and molecular genetic studies on behavioral addictions, focusing on pathological gambling and commenting on other disorders where appropriate. This review provides a comprehensive approach to genetic studies on behavioral addiction and points out the necessity of expanding the genetic research in this field. Future directions for genetic studies in this field are also discussed.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMed2004

The future of genetic research on appetitive behavior.

The risk for developing obesity has a significant genetic component. Several quantitative trait loci and candidate genes have been identified using current methodological approaches however the information gained thus far is insufficient to adequately explain the genetics underlying human obesity. The completion of a draft of the human genome sequence, the potential benefit of single nucleotide polymorphisms association studies for identifying risk conferring alleles, and developing functional genomics technologies promise to accelerate obesity gene discovery. These advances, used with current evaluative tools (murine molecular genetic techniques), may increase our understanding of human obesity, and ultimately provide better approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

Appetite↗
PubMed2003

Elucidating the role of genetic factors in smoking behavior and nicotine dependence.

Despite over a decade of intensive tobacco control efforts, a substantial proportion of the world's population continues to smoke. With advances in molecular biology and genomics technology, attention is focusing on the genetic basis of addiction to nicotine. The hope is that by better understanding the biology of nicotine addiction, novel prevention and cessation strategies can be developed and targeted to individuals most likely to benefit. This article provides an overview of currently available data from genetics research on smoking behavior and discusses study design issues to be addressed to make progress in this line of research.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A diallel cross analysis of genetic determinants of copulatory behavior in rats.

A dialled cross analysis was aimed at obtaining information regarding genetic influences on the copulatory behavior of rats, and permitting considerations of adaptive significance. Rats of 4 inbred strains, ACI, F344, LEW, and WF, and all possible F1 crosses were used. Of 385 males tested, 73 failed to mate. The F1 rats were more likely to mate than were rats with inbred genotypes. Overdominance was generally apparent for low frequencies of mounts and intromissions preceding ejaculation across 5 series and 3 tests. A trend for directional dominance toward low scores on various latency measures of copulatory behavior also was apparent. According to the theory relating directional dominance to adaptation, it would appear generally adaptive for rats to copulate rapidly and to ejaculate after relatively few mounts and intromissions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Translational behavioral research in cancer genetics.

Recent advances in the molecular genetics of cancer have created new opportunities for behavioral scientists interested in decision-making, risk communication, and health behavior. As part of a National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop, behavioral scientists participated in breakout groups charged with generating suggestions for research priorities. The following five research priorities were identified for the area of genetic testing for cancer susceptibility: (1) enhancing informed decision-making about whether to be tested, (2) improving methods of cancer risk communication, (3) examining the psychosocial, clinical, and economic outcomes of testing, (4) evaluating the efficacy of psychological and behavioral interventions, and (5) evaluating approaches to prevent cancer in mutation carriers. Across each of these areas, family issues, ethnic and cultural issues, and economic implications should be evaluated.

Genetic Counseling↗
PubMed2004

The genetic basis of problem behavior in 5-year-old dutch twin pairs.

Different instruments can be used in the assessment of psychopathology in young children. In the present study the psychometric properties of a subset of items of the Devereux Child Behavior (DCB) rating scale were evaluated and the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to the variance of derived problem behavior scales was estimated. Maternal and paternal ratings were obtained in about 7600 5-year-old Dutch twin pairs. Six problem scales were derived from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and designated as emotional lability, aggressive behavior, attention problems, anxiety problems, physical coordination problems, and dependency. Univariate genetic analyses of the problem scales yielded large additive genetic effects. Heritability estimates ranged from 40% for aggressive behavior to 81% for attention problems. Shared environmental influences were found for aggressive behavior, anxiety problems, dependency, and emotional lability. Rater contrast and/or sibling interaction effects were found for attention problems and physical coordination.

Child, Preschool↗