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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

High incidence of upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in children with Crohn disease.

This retrospective study of Crohn disease in 230 children and adolescents with a mean age of 12.5 years at the time of diagnosis and an average follow-up of 6.6 years showed that 30% had lesions of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Three patients had Crohn disease isolated to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The 169 patients with both small and large bowel disease were at greater risk (33%, P less than .05) of having upper gastrointestinal lesions than the 37 with isolated small bowel disease and the 21 with disease limited to the colon and/or rectum. An aggregate of symptoms and signs more likely present in those with upper gastrointestinal involvement included: dysphagia, pain when eating, nausea and/or vomiting, and aphthous lesions of the mouth. Furthermore, weight loss was more severe and hypoalbuminemia more frequent. Because upper gastrointestinal series x-ray studies failed to detect upper gastrointestinal lesions in 13 patients of 69 of those with upper gastrointestinal disease, endoscopy should be considered in all children and adolescents in whom a diagnosis of Crohn disease is entertained. Endoscopy and biopsy of the upper gastrointestinal tract should be done in any patient with symptoms suggestive of proximal involvement. Finally, in view of the fact that endoscopy established the diagnosis of Crohn disease in five patients previously thought to have chronic ulcerative colitis, the procedure should routinely be performed in all patients with chronic ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis before surgery is performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Endoscopic electrosurgical polypectomies of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

The electrosurgical removal of polypoid lesions from the upper gastrointestinal tract with the esophagogastroduodenoscope has proven to be safe, effective and relatively inexpensive procedure. Thirty polypectomies performed on 26 different patients are presented. Polyps were removed from the distal esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum. There were no significant complications.

Duodenal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Sarcomatoid carcinomas (carcinosarcomas) of the gastrointestinal tract: a review.

This review discusses sarcomatoid carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, rare malignant neoplasms that demonstrate both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. The clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features are described. Practical problems in the differential diagnosis of these tumors are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histologic and immunocytochemical study of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the cow and calf.

The regional distribution and relative frequency of argyrophil cells, and of cells immunoreactive for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), substance P (SP), somatostatin, glicentin, glucagon, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), gastrin, leucine-enkephalin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), cholecystokinin, secretin, motilin, and neurotensin were studied in 9 segments from the gastrointestinal tract of cows (greater than 1 year old) and calves (less than 3 months old). Argyrophil cells, 5-HT-immunoreactive cells, and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, whereas the other immunoreactive cells were more restricted in distribution. Most endocrine cells were more numerous in the calf than in the cow. This feature was most conspicuous in the abomasum. In the abomasum, argyrophil cells in the cow and calf and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells in the calf were found predominantly in the fundic region, whereas somatostatin-immunoreactive cells and gastrin-immunoreactive cells in the cow and calf and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells in the cow were most numerous in the pyloric region. Substance P-, glucagon-, BPP-, and leucine-enkephalin-immunoreactive cells were rarely detected. In the small intestine, argyrophil cells, 5-HT-, SP-, somatostatin-, gastrin-, GIP-, cholecystokinin-, secretin-, and motilin-immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the duodenum. Neurotensin-, glicentin-, glucagon-, and BPP-immunoreactive cells were detected with the highest frequency in the ileum. In the large intestine, argyrophil cells and 5-HT-, glicentin-, BPP-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, and SP-immunoreactive cells occurred with the highest frequency in the rectum.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2005

Loss of interstitial cells of Cajal after pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF) in gastrointestinal tract of the rats.

Exposure to the magnetic field has remarkably increased lately due to fast urbanization and widely available magnetic field in diagnosis and treatment. However, biological effects of the magnetic field are not well recognized. The myoelectric activity recorded from the gastrointestinal and urinary systems is generated by specialized electrically active cells called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Thus it seems rational that ICC have significant vulnerability to physical factors like an electromagnetic field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF) (frequency 10 kHz, 30ms, 300 muT burst, with frequency 1Hz) on ICCs density in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Rats were divided into two groups (n=32). The first group was exposed to PEMF continuously for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks (n = 16), and the second group (n=16) served as a control. Tissue samples of the rat stomach, duodenum and proximal colon were fixed and paraffin embedded. The tangential sections of 5 microm thickness were stained immunohistochemically with anti-c-Kit (sc-168) antibody and visualized finally by DAB as chromogen (brown end product). C-Kit positive branched ICC-like cells were detected under the light microscope, distinguished from the c-kit-negative non-branched smooth muscle cells and from the c-kit positive but non-branched mast cells and quantitatively analyzed by MultiScan computer program. Apoptosis detection was performed with rabbit anti-Bax polyclonal antibody (Calbiochem, Germany) and LSAB 2 visualization system. The surface of c-Kit immunopositive cells decreased after exposure to PEMF in each part of the gastrointestinal tract. Reduced density of ICCs was related to exposure time. The most sensitive to PEMF were ICCs in the fundus of the stomach and in the duodenum, less sensitive were ICCs in the colon and pacemaker areas of the stomach. No marked changes in ICC density in the pyloric part of the stomach were observed. We demonstrate that the PEMF induced apoptosis dependent decrease in ICC expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Lipofuscinosis of the gastrointestinal tract in man.

Three illustrative cases of lipofuscinosis of the gastrointestinal tract are presented. The nature and significance of this condition are discussed. When the pigment is found in surgical biopsy material steatorrhoea, hypoalbuminaemia, and vitamin E deficiency should be excluded. It is probable that this type of lipofuscinosis is a manifestation of vitamin E deficiency in man.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Promotion of the translocation of enteric bacteria from the gastrointestinal tracts of mice by oral treatment with penicillin, clindamycin, or metronidazole.

Specific pathogen-free mice were treated orally with antibiotics to determine whether the resulting disruption of the normal flora ecology would allow certain gram-negative enteric bacteria to overpopulate the ceca, thereby promoting the translocation of these bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract. The mice were treated orally with penicillin, clindamycin, or metronidazole for 4 days, and then the antibiotic was discontinued. The mice were tested at various intervals for viable enteric bacilli translocating from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Penicillin treatment decreased the total anaerobe population levels in the ceca an average of 1,000-fold, whereas clindamycin treatment decreased these anaerobe levels only 10-fold, and metronidazole treatment slightly increased the anaerobe levels. Penicillin or metronidazole treatment slightly increased the anaerobe levels. Penicillin or metronidazole treatment increased the enteric bacilli populations in the ceca an average of 1,000-fold, whereas clindamycin treatment increased the enteric bacilli populations 100,000-fold. The peak incidence of translocation of the enteric bacilli to the mesenteric lymph nodes averaged 100% after penicillin treatment, 97% after clindamycin treatment, and 62% after metronidazole treatment. Thus, oral treatment of mice with penicillin, clindamycin, or metronidazole for only 4 days disrupts the normal flora ecology, allowing an overgrowth in the ceca of the gram-negative enteric bacilli and promoting their translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract].

Recent progress in polychemotherapy employed in the treatment of gastrointestinal lymphomas has markedly improved prognosis. Between 1980 and 1986, 22 patients with malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract were treated at the Department of Surgery at the Hanusch Medical Center, in cooperation with the Department of Hematology and Oncology. 19 patients underwent surgery. The average observation time was 29 months. The rate of survival after 36 months was 64% in the entire patient population. Palliative-surgical interventions combined with chemotherapy equally produced satisfactory results.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1997

Reduction of post-prandial motility by pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence points to irritable bowel syndrome physiologically as a disease of the enteric nervous system characterised by hypermotility. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract on basal and post-prandial recto-anal motility of 40 irritable bowel syndrome patients in a random, double blind and placebo controlled trial. METHODS: Pinaverium bromide (50 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d. with food. Myoelectrical and mechanical activities of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter were recorded before treatment for 2 h in the fasting state and for an additional 2 h post-prandial. RESULTS: Post-prandial rectal spike amplitude and frequency as well as the spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex frequency decreased after pinaverium bromide (P < 0.01) but not after placebo. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the calcium channel blockers acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract may have a therapeutic role in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between the rate of appearance of oxprenolol in the systemic circulation and the location of an oxprenolol Oros 16/260 drug delivery system within the gastrointestinal tract as determined by scintigraphy.

1. The position in the gastrointestinal tract of an orally administered oxprenolol Oros drug delivery system labelled with technetium-99m DTPA was followed by gamma scintigraphy, and the corresponding plasma drug concentration-time profiles after oral and i.v. administration were used to relate pharmacokinetic and transit data. 2. Gastric emptying time (0.8 +/- 0.4 h, mean +/- s.d.), and the time to arrival in the colon (3.8 +/- 0.7 h) were reasonably consistent after administration of the Oros system to fasted subjects, as were the calculated small intestine transit times (3.0 +/- 0.7 h). As expected there were wide individual variations in colonic transit, so that recorded values for total transit ranged from 6 to 32 h (median, 24.7 h). 3. Absorption of oxprenolol occurred throughout the GI tract including the colon. Plasma drug concentration-time profiles and input functions (calculated by deconvolution) could be related to transit behaviour and in vitro release. Inflexions in the calculated rate of drug input when the Oros system was located in the colon corresponded with periods of stagnation at the hepatic and splenic flexures in two subjects and the ileocaecal junction in two others. The mechanism of these changes is unclear.

Adolescent↗