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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Antioxidants in pediatric gastrointestinal disease.

Oxidant stress seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of several important gastroenterologic disorders in infants and children. The question can still be asked, in most circumstances, whether the oxidant stress precedes, and therefore is involved in, tissue or cellular injury or is a result of injury and not of clinical importance. The data favor the former situation in several inflammatory conditions of the bowel and in a variety of liver diseases. Experimental and clinical testing of this possible basic mechanism of tissue injury over the next few years will shed light on the role of antioxidants in treating gastrointestinal disorders.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1999

Impact of nonsurgical, invasive endoscopy of the diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal diseases.

In the last 2 decades, endoscopy has become the most reliable means of diagnosing gut disorders. With the aid of magnifying endoscopy and staining methods, gastrointestinal cancers and malignant diseases can be detected in the early stages. Endoscopic ultrasonography is currently indicated for staging digestive cancers, assessing submucosal tumors, and diagnosing biliary and pancreatic diseases. During the past decade, endoscopy evolved from a solely diagnostic tool to a therapeutic modality. Endoscopic heater probes, bipolar electrocoagulation, and laser therapy are all of effective for achieving immediate hemostasis and preventing rebleeding in actively bleeding lesions. Various ligation methods and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy safely achieve high rates of hemostasis. Endoscopic mucosal resection allows curative treatment of gastrointestinal cancer in the mucosal layer, and removal of precancerous lesions. Endoscopic balloon dilators have been developed for dilating gut stenoses. Various endoprostheses are used for palliation of malignant stenoses. Endoscopic sphincterotomy, balloon dilation, lithotripsy, and endoprosthesis placement are alternatives for biliary tract and pancreatic disease therapy. Endoscopic photodynamic therapy is useful in palliation of esophageal cancer or in ablation of dysplastic lesions in Barrett's esophagus. With advances in modern biotechnology, endoscopy continues to show value in treating or preventing diseases, with less discomfort and lower cost than other methods.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed1999

Interstitial cells of Cajal in human gut and gastrointestinal disease.

This paper reviews the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, based on ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence. The distribution and morphology of ICC at each level of the normal GI tracts is addressed from the perspective of their functional significance. Alterations of ICC reported in achalasia of cardia, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, Hirschsprung's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, slow transit constipation, and some other disorders of GI motility as well as in gastrointestinal stromal tumors are reviewed, with emphasis on the place of ICC in the pathophysiology of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Significance of serum level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in gastrointestinal disease.

The serum 25-OHCC concentration was measured in 151 patients in order to evaluate the potential use of this determination in the management of gastrointestinal disorders. Patients with functional bowel disease had lower serum mean 25-OHCC levels than normals. The results were divided into normal (greater than 21 ng/ml), low normal (12-21 ng/ml), and low levels (less than 21 ng/ml). Two thirds of patients with malabsorption had low serum 25-OHCC. Most patients following jejunoileal bypass surgery for morbid obesity had low levels despite supplemental oral calciferol therapy. In patients with chronic liver disease, cholestasis more than parenchymal cell disease appeared responsible for low serum 25-OHCC levels. Measurement of serum 25-OHCC may be an ancillary screening test for fat malabsorption and in patients with intraluminal bile salt deficiency. Furthermore, repeated measurements may be useful in monitoring therapy with vitamin D products in patients with chronic malabsorption and cholestasis.

Cholestasis↗