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PubMed2005

[Effects of four species of endophytic fungi on the growth and polysaccharide and alkaloid contents of Dendrobium nobile].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of four species of endophytic fungi on the growth and polysaccharide and alkaloid contents of cultured Dendrobium nobile. METHOD: Each fungal strain was cultured together with D. nobile, and the plant weight as well as the polysaccharide and alkaloid contents were measured. RESULT: Compared with the control group, Mycena sp. (MF23) was found to decrease the fresh weight of D. nobile by 24.9% (P < 0.01). All four species of fungi have no effect on the dry weight of this plant. On the other hand, Epulorhiza sp. (MF18) and MF23 could increase the percent of dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05). Epulorhiza sp. (MF15) and MF24 increased the number of aerial roots by 4.25 times and 4.14 times respectively (P < 0.01). MF23 decreased the numbers of basal roots by 46.5% (P < 0.01). MF15, MF18, MF23 and MF24 were shown to increase the content of polysacchride by 153.4%, 52.1%, 18.5% and 76.7%, respectively. MF23 also increased the content of total alkaloid by 18.3%. CONCLUSION: Endophytic fungi cultured together with D. nobile could affect the growth of this plant; they also increase total alkaloid and polysaccharide contents.

Agaricales↗
PubMed2005

[Allelopathy of root exudates from two genotypes soybeans on root pathogenic fungi].

With biological simulation experiment and chemical analysis, this paper studied the allelopathy of carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids in the root exudates from two genotypes soybeans (9536 and Jilin 30) on the pathogenic fungi of root rot. The results showed that the water soluble carbohydrates in the root exudates from test soybeans significantly promoted the growth of Fusarium oxysporium and Fusarium semitectum at low concentrations and inhibited their growth at high concentrations, but had no evident influence on Gliocladium roseum. The water soluble amino acids from the root exudates demonstrated different actions, i. e., at middle and high concentrations, those from 9536 significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium semitectum and Gliocladium roseum, while those from Jilin 30 mostly promoted their growth. The organic acids from the root exudates of 9536 and Jilin 30 significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium semitectum and Gliocladium roseum. It's suggested that there existed interactions between the root exudates of the two genotypes soybeans and the pathogenic fungi of root rot. Different genotypes of soybean may have different allelopathy on pathogenic fungi of root rot.

Fusarium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[137Cs distribution and accumulation in the tissues of cultivated fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus)].

The authors examined 137Cs accumulation and distribution in different structures and tissues of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated under laboratory conditions. The fungi were shown to concentrate 137Cs. A higher concentrations of the radionuclides in the fungi compared to their substrate is manifested at the first stages of the fruit body formation, the maximum content of 137Cs is accumulated by fungi in the middle of bearing stage. The fungus tissues are different by their accumulative capacity as follows (ascending range): central, more dense part of the stipe < stipe < mycelium < cap < generative tissues. 137Cs accumulation in the fruit bodies depends also on the fungus size and age.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fungi: a normal content of human nasal mucus.

BACKGROUND: In recent studies, we showed that 91.3% of both CRS patients and healthy controls grew positive fungal cultures out of their nasal mucus, which therefore appears to be a common finding within the adult population. However, it still was unknown as of when fungi could be cultured from nasal mucus in human beings. We attempted to ascertain this point of time in the nasal mucus of neonates. METHODS: We examined nasal mucus from 30 neonates immediately after birth, on the 1st and 4th day postpartum and after 2 and 4 months of life. The samples obtained with sterile cotton swabs were cultured on agar plates. Fungal cultures were identified either conventionally by microscopy or with molecular techniques. To prove possible contamination during birth, mucus of the maternal birth canal was examined as well. RESULTS: In 6 of 30 (20%) of our neonates we found positive fungal cultures immediately after birth in (3 of them Candida albicans) most likely because of contamination passing the maternal birth canal. In 2 of 29 (7%) of our neonates, positive fungal cultures were obtained on the 1st day postpartum, and in 4 of 26 (15%) positive fungal cultures were obtained on the 4th day, all limited to 1 day only and without clinical symptoms of colonization. After the 2nd month of life, examination of nasal mucus yielded positive fungal cultures in 8 of 11 (72%), and after 4 months examination of nasal mucus yielded positive fungal cultures in 17 of 18 (94%) of our babies, with a wide array of different species. CONCLUSION: Fungi can be cultured from nasal mucus as soon as contact with the environmental air exists but they are not persistent in the 1st day of life. However, after 4 months, the situation is similar to the one in adults: fungal cultures can be obtained from almost everyone's nose. Therefore, fungi must be considered a normal content of nasal mucus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Heat stable antimicrobial activity of Allium ascalonicum against bacteria and fungi.

To study antimicrobial activity of shallot in comparison with that of garlic and onion against 23 strains of fungi and bacteria, water extracts of garlic, shallot and onion bulbs were prepared. Each extract was studied in different forms for their antimicrobial activity viz., fresh extract, dry extract and autoclaved extract. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal lethal concentrations of these extracts were determined against all organisms by broth dilution susceptibility test. Fresh extract of garlic showed greater antimicrobial activity as compared to similar extracts of onion and shallot. However, dried and autoclaved extracts of shallot showed more activity than similar extracts of onion and garlic. Fungi were more sensitive to shallot extract than bacteria. Amongst bacteria, B. cereus was most sensitive (MIC=5 mg ml(-1)). The lowest minimum bactericidal concentration of shallot extract amongst bacteria tested was 5 mg ml(-1) for B. cereus. Amongst fungi, Aureobasidium pullulans and Microsporum gypseum were most sensitive (MIC= 0.15 mg ml(-1)). The lowest minimum lethal concentration was 2.5 mg ml(-1) for Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. It was therefore, expected that the antimicrobial principle of shallot was different than the antimicrobial compounds of onion and garlic. In addition, the antimicrobial component of the shallot extract was stable at 121 degrees C.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Trypsin-like proteinases and trypsin inhibitors in fruiting bodies of higher fungi].

The activity of trypsin-like proteinases and trypsin inhibitors was measured in fruiting bodies of various species of basidial fungi (Basidiomycetes). Fruiting bodies of all fungi contained these enzymes, with the exceptions of polypore (Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Karst) and hedgehog fungus (Hericium erinaceus (Fr.) Quel), belonging to the families Polyporaceae and Hericiaceae, respectively, in which the enzyme activities were barely detectable. The activity of trypsin-like proteinases was the highest in fruiting bodies of Boletaceae and Agaricaceae. Fruiting bodies of all fungi contained trypsin inhibitors. The highest activity of trypsin inhibitors was detected in basidiomycetes of the families Boletaceae, Agaricaceae, and Pleurotaceae, including Boletus castanus (Fr.) Karst, orange-cap boletus (Leccinum aurantiacum (Fr.) Sing), and brown-cap boletus (Leccinum melanum (Fr.) Karst).

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed2005

[Study on increasing anti-fungi activity of marine microbes by mixed culture].

The effect of mixed culture on the anti-fungi activity of marine microbes metabolites was evaluated. Based on optimization of monoculture, orthogonal design was used to approach the optimal region of the medium composition of mixed fermentation. The mixed culture showing anti-fungi activity of marine microbes was enriched obviously, compared with monoculture and fermentation mixture. The MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) reduced from 156 microL/mL, 125 microL/mL by monoculture and 250 microL/mL, 218 microL/mL by mixture of monoculture fermentation to 32 microL/mL, 28 microL/mL, indicate 200% to 300% increase separately in fungi inhibition with mixed culture.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Determination of trace selenium in edible fungi with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy].

In the present article, samples were digested by a quartz high-pressure digestion pot, reducing the loss of selenium in digestion. The content of selenium in edible fungi was determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the results showed that when the content of selenium in edible fungi was determined by using 1% Ni(NO3)2 as a matrix modifier, ashing temperature of 500 degreed C, and atomization temperature of 2 500 degrees C, and rectifying background by deuterium light, the recovery was in the range of 92.1%-115.5%, the relative standard deviation of the method was 1.28%, and the limit of detection was 15.8 microg x L(-1). The method was suitable for the determination of trace selenium in edible fungi with the advantages of being simple, rapid, sensitive, stable and accurate etc., and the results were satisfactory.

Agaricales↗
PubMed2006

[Study on the method of using ICP-MS to determine Se in the edible fungi].

The sample was digested by the quartzose digestion pot at high-pressure under relatively low temperature, reducing the loss of Se during the digestion process. Study on the method of using ICP-MS to determine Se in the edible fungi shows that it exhibits positive correlation between the concentration of sample and integration time, and the response value. When the concentration of Se in the sample is higher than 50 microg x L(-1), the integration time can be 0.1 s; or it can be 2.0 s when the concentration of Se is lower than 5 microg L(-1). The standard curve was accomplished for 1.0-500 microg x L(-1) when determining the content of Se in the edible fungi. The recoveries are in the range of 99.96%-102.7%. This method has advantages of simplicity, speediness, delicacy, high stability, high accuracy, etc. It is suitable for the determination of trace Se in the edible fungi.

Agaricales↗
PubMed2004

Some biochemical properties of fungi from genera Rhodotorula and Trichosporon isolated from Sulejów Reservoir bath water.

The hydrolytic activity of Rhodotorula and Trichosporon strains isolated from Sulej6w Reservoir water and sediments were studied. Also tolerance of high concentrations of natrium chloride and biogenic compounds was evaluated. Fungi from genera Rhodotorula and Trichosporon showed the activity of 12 and 10 from 19 hydrolases of API Zym test, respectively. Tolerance tests showed high resistance of Rhodotorula glutinis to hypertonic saline solutions and very high resistance of both Rhodotorula and Trichosporon strains to nitrate, ammonium and phosphate compounds. These properties of fungi may influence the distribution and the quantity of fungi in aquatic reservoirs.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed2002

[Analysis of sIgA concentrations in the contents of the cervical canal of the uterus and of the oral cavity in women with Candida or without fungi in ontocenoses of these organs].

The aim of the study was to search for fungi in ontocenoses of genital organs and oral cavity (the fungal reservoir for multifocal infections) in women; evaluation of the concentration of sIgA in the contents of the cervical canal of the uterus and of the oral cavity. 102 women (age: 18-35 years) were examined. Fungi were isolated from ontocenoses of the vagina and the oral cavity; axenic strains were differentiated with API 20 C and API 20 C AUX tests (bioMérieux). The concentrations of sIgA in the content of the cervical canal of the uterus and from the oral cavity were evaluated by LC-Partigen IgA (Behring) tests. Candida occurence in the oral cavity was significant (p < 0.02) higher than in the vagina. Candida albicans (6 codes) was the predominat species; there were also C. tropicalis, C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii and C. glabrata. There were no significant differences between sIgA concentrations and the presence or absence of fungi in the vagina or oral cavity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of electromagnetic waves on sensitivity of fungi of the genus Candida to miconazole.

Increasing use of elctromagnetic fields (EF) in the treatment of various diseases may have potential impacts on fungi--possible aetiological factors of concomitant mycoses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EF on miconazole susceptibility among fungi of the genus Candida showing confirmed pathogenicity in humans. Fifteen Candida strains obtained from patients were used and their susceptibility to miconazole was determined by diffusion in agar gel. Antifungal activity of miconazole was assessed as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) which was calculated for Candida strains not exposed to EF (control) and EF-exposed (3 experiments). In the majority of cases the susceptibility of Candida species to miconazole decreased (higher MICs) after the first week of EF exposure, regardless of the EF's parameters. This was followed by an increase in susceptibility (lower MICs) after the second week of exposure to EF of 2 mT intensity and frequency 3 Hz (experiment I) and an EF of 9 mT intensity and 12.5 Hz frequency (experiment II) relative to control. An increase in susceptibility (lower MICs) was observed in the second week of exposure, whatever the parameters of the EF. The application of low intensity, low frequency EF for a period of at least two weeks may be beneficial in the treatment of mycoses caused by pathogenic fungi of Candida genus.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2001

[The capability of deamination of aminoacids by selected strains of fungi].

We have studied the capability of dissociation of 22 L-form aminoacids by 27 strains of fungi belonging to species: Candida, Cryptococcus, Geotrichum, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Trichosporon. Fungal strains were cultured on agar medium with phenyl red and studied aminoacid. Disamination of an aminoacid by a fungus resulted in alkalisation of the medium and change of its colour from yellow to pink. Strains from genus Trichosporon and Geotrichum decomposed the most aminoacids (15-16), while fungi from genus Candida decomposed less aminoacid (1-8). Strains form species Candida famata, C. kefyr, C. lambica. C. rugosa, C. neoformans, R. mucilaginosa and S. cerevisiae did not show any ability to desaminate any of the 22 aminoacids used in the study. Aminoacids most frequently disaminated, by the studied strains of fungi included acidic aliphatic aminoacids and their amides: L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, L-glutaminic acid, L-glutamine and neutral aliphatic aminoacids: L-glycin, L-alanine, L-serine. Aromatic and sulphur aminoacids (L-cysteine, L-cystine) were not decomposed by the studied fungal strains.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

[Identification of a bacterium with activities of inhibiting growth of fungi].

HB02 is characterized as a new microbiological agent that has the potential to decrease the toxicity of mildewed wheat containing Deoxynivalenol (DON). To explore whether HB02 could inhibit the growth of fungi, a spore suspension of Aspergillus flavus or Gibberellazeae was incubated with or without HB02 in PYG medium at 28 degrees C for 15d. The mycelium was weighed after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 d of incubation, respectively. The result showed that the growth of these two important fungi was significantly inhibited by co-cultivation with HB02. Besides, HB02 was confirmed as Lactobacillus curvatus by its microbiological characters and the 16s-23s rRNA sequence. In conclusion, HB02, identified as Lactobacillus curvatus, prevent the effects of mycotoxins in contaminated feed by inhibiting the growth of fungi. Other detoxification ways of HB02 remain further study.

Aspergillus flavus↗
PubMed2006

[Pb-tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi from polluted and unpolluted sites under different P levels].

By the method of liquid culture, this paper studied the effects of different P and Pb doses on the biomass production of three strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and the P and Pb concentrations in their mycelium. The results showed that under the application of P and Pb, the biomass production of strains ZC1 and ZC2, collected from mining area was significantly higher than that of strain GV collected from non-polluted site. At low P level (0.16 mmol x L(-1)), the growth of these three ectomycorrhizal fungi was inhibited by the increasing dose of Pb; while at higher P levels (0.81and 2.42 mmol x L(-1)), increasing dose of Pb inhibited the growth of GV significantly, but had little effects on ZC1 and ZC2. In all treatments, the Pb concentration in GV mycelia was significantly higher than that in the mycelia of ZC1 and ZC2. Under the same dose of Pb, the P concentration in GV mycelia was higher at low P level, but lower at higher P levels than that in ZC1 and ZC2 mycelia. The increase of Pb dose decreased the P concentration in ZC1 and ZC2, mycelia, but had little effect on that in GV mycelia. In comparing with GV, ZC1 and ZC2 had the characteristics of fast growth and low Pb and high P accumulation in their mycelia, indicating that the strains of ecomycorrhizal fungi collected from polluted area had a higher tolerance to environmental stress.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of yeastlike fungi of the genus Candida in the clinical picture of candidiasis of the oral mucosa].

Results are reported of a study of the antilysozyme activity of 72 strains of yeastlike Candida fungi. A comparative analysis is made of the antilysozyme activity of yeastlike Candida fungi isolated in patients of all age groups. The authors emphasize the relation of these factors to variants of the clinical course of the oral cavity mucosa candidosis, Candida carrier state and capacity of Candida fungi to persistence. It is recommended to use the antilysozyme test for predicting the course of the disease.

Candida↗
PubMed1989

[Occurrence and the sensitivity to drugs of fungi other than Candida albicans isolated from the vagina].

Frequency of occurrence of fungal species distinct from C. albicans isolated from vaginal mucosa and their sensitivity to antimycotic chemotherapeutics was determined. Material consisted of 452 fungal strains isolated from vagina from patients suffering from afflictions within genital area. Fungal strains isolated belonged to 13 genera. Fungi distinct from C. albicans constituted 27.1% of all the strains. Fungi the most frequently isolated from vagina belonged to following genera: T. glabrata 35.2% C. krusei 18.4% C. pseudotropicalis 15.2% S. cerevisiae 10.4%. In the majority of cases of vaginal infections caused by fungi distinct from C. albicans, Lactobacillus sp. was present and normal pH values of vaginal content 3/4 with variable number of leucocytes were observed. Evaluation of sensitivity to antimycotic drugs of fungal strains was performed by agar dilution technique. In this study the following chemotherapeutics were assayed: nystatin, pimaricin, amphotericin B, flucytosine, clotrimazole, miconazole and ketoconazole. It is worth to underline resistance of T. glabrata and S. cerevisiae to clotrimazole and ketoconazole. Moreover, resistance of strains belonging to genera C. krusei and C. pseudotropicalis to amphotericin B and C. krusei strains to nystatin and flucytosine was noted.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1987

Isolation and characterization of coated vesicles from filamentous fungi.

Coated vesicles have been shown to exist in Neurospora crassa (Ascomycetes) and Uromyces phaseoli (Basidiomycetes) growing germlings. Separation of coated vesicles in both fungi was obtained when the high-speed (100,000g) pellet was fractioned on a Sephacryl S-1000 gel filtration column, according to the procedure of Mueller and Branton. Electron micrographs of negatively stained coated vesicles from fractions of gel filtration show the same striking lattice coated vesicles similar to vertebrate coated vesicles. We observe two major size classes of coated vesicles in both fungi: the larger class (100-180 nm) is similar in size to vertebrate coated vesicles; the smaller class (50-80 nm) is mostly found in both fungi. When examined by SDS-PAGE, the Sephacryl column fractions containing the maximum concentration of electron microscopically visible coated vesicles coincide with the bands of the protein coat reported as clathrin. The protein composition on SDS-PAGE of the coated vesicles indicates a major polypeptide species of 180 kDa and minor 30 to 36 kDa species. Polypeptides of 100 kDa and 64 kDa are also found in the fractions containing coated vesicles.

Basidiomycota↗