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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema complicating bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation--case report and review of literature.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease occurring in the setting of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can affect many organ systems, is a cause of significant morbidity, and contributes to late deaths. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a form of obstructive airway disease; when seen in the post-BMT setting, it is considered a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Air-leak syndromes including pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications of bronchiolitis obliterans. Here we describe a patient who developed pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax secondary to severe bronchiolitis obliterans complicating the post bone marrow transplantation course.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema complicating sigmoidoscopy: report of a case.

An 80-year-old woman presented to our outpatient center with abdominal pain and blood-stained stools. She underwent a colonoscopy, which showed a 4-cm type II tumor in the rectum. About 2 h after the colonoscopy, mild facial edema and subcutaneous emphysema developed around her neck. A chest X-ray showed pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema, and an abdominal X-ray demonstrated retroperitoneal air. An exploratory laparotomy was performed on the second day after the colonoscopy, which showed air in the subserosal space of the sigmoid colon. The air seemed to have leaked from a 2-cm inflamed diverticulum in the sigmoid colon. The mesosigmoid was also expanded by air. We discuss the anatomical mechanism of the various clinical presentations of extraluminal air following colonoscopy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Ano-rectal injury causing extraperitoneal and subcutaneous emphysema.

Extraperitoneal emphysema is a rare clinical finding, usually reported in association with iatrogenic injuries to the rectum. Minor degrees of 'extraperitoneal emphysema' may be seen in other perforations but insufflation of air seems to be the major contributory factor. This report describes an unusual case that developed after a straddle-injury.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1995

Intraoperative life-threatening emphysema associated with endotracheal intubation and air insufflation devices: report of two cases.

Two cases of life-threatening body emphysema with decompensating pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium intraoperatively have been presented. The most likely cause was tracheal perforation combined with high pressure ventilation. Although subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are self-limiting conditions with rapid recovery with conservative treatment, life-threatening complications may arise requiring prompt recognition and specific surgical management in order to save the patient's life.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple sore throat? Retropharyngeal emphysema secondary to free-basing cocaine.

A case of retropharyngeal emphysema associated with drug abuse is presented. Although chest symptoms of pneumomediastinum have been widely reported with substance abuse, pain localized to the neck is rarely described. In the present case, localized dysphagia was the only complaint, and no free air could be demonstrated within the thorax. For uncomplicated cervical emphysema or pneumomediastinum due to substance abuse, extensive workup may be unnecessary, and conservative therapy, including administration of 100% oxygen and observation is recommended if resolution is prompt.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Lung volume reduction surgery in patients with emphysema and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

BACKGROUND: The role of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is unclear. METHODS: To assess the role of LVRS in individuals with severe deficiency of AAT, outcomes within the National Emphysema Treatment Trial were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 1218 randomized subjects, 16 (1.3%) had severe AAT deficiency (serum level < 80 mg/dL) and a consistent phenotype (when available). Characteristics of these 16 patients include 87.5% male; median serum AAT level, 55.5 mg/dL; age, 66 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), 27% predicted; and 50% had upper-lobe-predominant emphysema. All 10 subjects randomized to LVRS underwent the procedure. Although the small number of subjects hampered statistical analysis, 2-year mortality was higher with surgery (20% versus 0%) than with medical treatment. Comparison of outcomes between the 10 AAT-deficient and the 554 AAT-replete subjects undergoing LVRS showed a greater increase in exercise capacity at 6 months in replete subjects and a trend toward lower and shorter duration FEV1 rise in deficient individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends to 49 cases the published experience of LVRS in severe AAT deficiency. Although the small number of subjects precludes firm conclusions, trends of lower magnitude and duration of FEV1 rise after surgery in AAT-deficient versus AAT-replete subjects and higher mortality in deficient individuals randomized to surgery versus medical treatment suggest caution in recommending LVRS in AAT deficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Post-traumatic venous and systemic air embolism associated with spinal epidural emphysema: multi-slice computed tomography diagnosis.

A 30-year-old man was admitted with chest trauma after a road traffic accident. The patient was paraplegic and suffered from transient monoparesia of the left arm. The chest X-ray revealed a severe right tension pneumothorax and thoracic spine fractures. Emergency right thoracic drainage was carried out followed by angiography. Unfortunately the patient died and an autopsy was not permitted. Consequently post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was performed, revealing presence of air inside the right cerebral arteries, bilateral pneumothorax accompanied by a severe right tension pneumothorax, bilateral haematic pleural effusion, pneumomediastinum and bilateral lung contusions. Air was also observed within the right coronary artery, ascending aorta and right ventricle. Thoracic and cervical spinal epidural emphysema were diagnosed. Venous air embolism followed by arterial air embolism producing paradoxical embolism was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case illustrating by post-mortem MSCT such simultaneous complications after chest trauma as spinal epidural emphysema and cerebral and coronary air embolism.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after translaryngeal intubation: tracheal perforation due to unsuccessful fiberoptic tracheal intubation.

A 77-year-old man was scheduled to undergo a cervical lymph node biopsy under general anesthesia. Although awake, nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation was initially planned because of an anticipated difficult airway, the attempt was unsuccessful. Orotracheal intubation was subsequently performed under direct laryngoscopy without difficulty. After initiating positive pressure mechanical ventilation, subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema developed. The cause of this emphysema was considered to be tracheal perforation after an unsuccessful attempt at fiberoptic tracheal intubation.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum with voice disorders].

Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors, is very rare. The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain, dyspnea, dysphagia and neck pain. The diagnosis is established radiologically. The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients. We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum, cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Subcutaneous cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema complicating tooth extraction: case report].

Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare and well-known complication of dental procedures. Many cases go unrecognized and resolve spontaneously, while others may require specific surgical management to prevent complications. We present a case of cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema which occurred during a routine dental procedure and a review of the literature on differential diagnosis and management.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax after dental extraction.

Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax may result from surgical procedures and trauma and usually do not present a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and pneumoretroperitoneum after a dental procedure with an air-and-water-cooled turbine burr drill. This allowed air and water under pressure to be driven into the field and track through the fascial planes. Although this is a common occurrence, these patients frequently go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed as allergic reactions to locally administered anesthetic agents. If a large amount of air is injected, it may track into not only the subcutaneous tissues but also the mediastinum, pleural space, and retroperitoneal space. Patients with significant amounts of air must be admitted, observed for airway compromise, and be provided IV antibiotics and hydration.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces, pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema: a rare presentation of paraquat intoxication.

Pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, and pneumomediastinum occur frequently in critically ill patients in association with blunt or penetrating injuries or other conditions while performing Valsalva-like maneuvers. We present the case of a patient with bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema after acute paraquat intoxication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Iatrogenic pneumomediastinum and facial emphysema after endodontic treatment.

Subcutaneous emphysema is well known, but diffusion of gas into the mediastinum is not so common, particularly if it is caused by treatment of a root canal without apparent osseous fenestration or mucoperiostal lesions. We report a case of iatrogenic pneumomediastinum and facial emphysema after endodontic treatment. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography, and the patient recovered after treatment with intravenous antibiotics and analgesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Subcutaneous emphysema as an uncommon presentation of child abuse.

A case of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum as a result of child abuse is presented to add to the spectrum of findings associated with child maltreatment. This case is a reminder that although most cases of subcutaneous emphysema resolve uneventfully, there still needs to be an aggressive search for a cause. In addition, in the pediatric age group, the history given should be carefully verified as being plausible because of the possibility that child abuse may be the true etiology.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1993

Cervical and mediastinal emphysema secondary to mandible fracture: case report and review of the literature.

Cervical and mediastinal emphysema is a rare but serious, life-threatening complication associated with mandibular fractures secondary to high-impact trauma. A case is reported in which a 24-year-old white man involved in a motor vehicle accident presented with an isolated mandibular fracture, cervical emphysema, and pneumomediastinum. A review of the literature is presented, and relevant anatomy and management are discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum secondary to dental extraction: a case report and literature review.

Here, we present the case of a woman who suffered from acute dyspnea and right cheek and neck swelling during molar extraction. The use of a high-speed dental drill may introduce air into the soft tissue and lead to subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. After a review of the literature, we found that subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare complications secondary to dental extraction. We report this case because physicians in the emergency department may misdiagnose the symptoms as an allergic reaction. Dentists should be more aware of air leak during dental extraction.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Onset of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after tonsillectomy: a case report.

Several complications can be related to surgical approaches of head and neck regions. Among those, there are rare conditions such as pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous cervical emphysema. This study reports a case of a patient that developed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema after undergoing tonsillectomy. In order to reduce these complications in surgical approaches such as tonsillectomy, care should be taken with intubation, use of oxygen mask for positive pressure ventilation during anesthesia recovery, aggressive surgical maneuvers and use of surgical instruments that may cause deep tonsillar injuries.

Adult↗