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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Identification of candidate genes at quantitative trait loci on chicken chromosome Z using orthologous comparison of chicken, mouse, and human genomes.

This study was undertaken to identify novel candidate genes at quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chicken chromosome Z (GGAZ) by comparing orthologous regions of chicken, human and mouse genomes. Primer sequences from marker flanking QTL positions (https://acedb.asg.wur.nl/) were obtained from www.iastate.edu/chickmap and blasted against the chicken genome (www.ensembl.org) using BLASTN. The best matches were those with the highest score, lowest E-values and highest percent identity. Orthologous regions in mice and humans, together with genes located on or around those loci were identified using the Ensembl website. Forty-six chicken genes, 91 mouse genes and 60 human genes associated with QTL on GGAZ were identified in the current study. Among the most promising candidate genes for egg production and egg shell quality are annexin A1 (ANXA1), osteoclast stimulating factor (OSF), thrombospondin-4 (THBS4), programmed cell death proteins (PDCD), follistatin (FST), growth hormone receptor (GHR), interferon (IFN) alpha and beta. The chicken IFN alpha and beta were located on GGAZ around position 13,000,000 bp on the draft chicken sequence map. The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is located at a QTL region for abdominal fat (GGAZ 25483091 bp). Nicotine is an agonist at the nAChRs and has been shown to decrease lipolysis and triglyceride uptake, thereby reducing net storage in adipose tissue. Therefore, the nAchRs could be used as therapeutic targets for regulating feed intake and obesity. This study has identified 197 putative candidate genes in probable QTL regions of chicken chromosome Z.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Studies on the incidence of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-east, central and south of Poland].

During the year 1994-1997, a total number of 1042 red foxes orginating from the 33 provinces North-East, Central and South of Poland under special safety procautions for intestinal stages of Echinococcus multilocularis using the mucosal-smer technique were examined. An average of 5.09% (53 foxes) from 10 provinces was infected. In those provinces, the prevalance varied between 1.19% to 35.71%. The infection varied from low to very high but mostly harboured gravid E. multilocularis parasites with thick-shelled eggs. Our data indicate that E. multilocularis in foxes has a surprisingly wide distribution in Poland. These new epidemiological data indicate that a potential risk of infection for humans may exists in all areas where foxes infected with E. multilocularis have been identified. It has been assumed that E. multilocularis might also occur in other provinces in which foxes examination have not yet been undertaken or number examined of animals was low. This study was supported by a two grands from the Swiss National Foundation (projects No 7PLPJ038414 and 7PLPJ041302).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial isolation rate from fertile eggs, hatching eggs, and neonatal broilers with yolk sac infection.

Yolk sac infection (YSI) is a major cause of mortality of broilers during the first week post-hatching. The aim of the present-study was to analyze the possible sources of fertile egg contamination and to establish the etiology of YSI. Sixty fertile eggs, sixty sawdust samples from the nest, sixty nonfertile 19 to 21 day old incubation eggs and liver and yolk sac samples from 216 dead, 1 to 7 day old chicks, were cultured. Five hundred and eighty eight colonies were isolated and further characterized using biochemical tests. Escherichia coli was the most common bacterium recovered from all samples except the sawdust and fertile eggs collected from the nest. Fertile egg contamination at breeder farm level was found to be minimal. In broilers, both mortality and the rate of E. coli isolation were increased with the time. These results suggest that egg contamination does not occur at the breeders farm, as previously has been reported. Bacterial contamination causing YSI in vertically integrated operations can occur at a latter stage. It can be considered that the main etiologic agent of YSI is E. coli, since YSI mortality was highly correlated with E. coli isolation.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1991

[A calcified coronary artery aneurysm following Kawasaki syndrome].

On the chest X-ray of a 15-year-old patient, a round, egg-shell-like calcification was seen in projection into the left heart border. This finding was caused by a calcified coronary aneurysm following Kawasaki's disease. Although this has been described as a typical change, it is rarely found in daily clinical routine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Dentigerous cyst of the maxilla and its image diagnosis.

Dentigerous cysts may grow unnoticed to such extensive sizes as to occupy a considerable portion of the maxillary sinus. As they enlarge, the bony walls overlying the cysts thin out giving rise to an egg shell sensation upon palpation. Three cases of such extensive dentigerous cysts were experienced since 1987. These three cases were used to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the following imaging techniques in the preoperative evaluation of these cysts, conventional radiographs, sonography, CT, and MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrastructural study on the vitelline cells of Pagumogonimus skrjabini].

This paper reported on the ultrastructure of the developing vitelline cells of Pagumogonimus skrjabini by using transmission electron microscope. The vitelline glands were isolated under dissecting microscope from the adult worm of P. skrjabini before 2.5% glutaraldehyde fixation. Four developmental stages of the vitelline cell were described. In stage 1. the nucleus contained many heterochoromatins. The mitochondria, ribosomal complex, rough endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen granules were observed in the cytoplasm. In stage 2. the typical characteristic of the developing cell was the grouping together of the vitelline globules. The junctional complexes were seen between the vitelline cells. In stage 3, that represented the initial stage of vitelline droplet formation, the vitelline cells were filled with rough endoplasmic reticulum. The immature vitelline cells included stage 1-3. In stage 4. the mature cells were divided into two phases. In the early phase of stage 4, the cytoplasm contained abundant glycogen granules, lipid droplets and a lot of ribosomal complexes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, while in the later phase part of the perinuclear cisterna showed vacuolization. The cytoplasm contained a large number of glycogen granules and the vitelline droplets were distributed on the inner border of the cell. In the developing egg, the vitelline granules adhered to the egg-shell.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Aonchotheca moraveci sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichuridae), a new nematode from the long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii, in Spain.

A description is made of a new trichurid species of the subfamily Capillariinae, Aonchotheca moraveci sp. n., parasitizing the stomach of the long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837), in Spain. The male presents two caudal lateral alae, a membranous caudal bursa supported by two forked expansions, a spicule 405-536 microns long and a non-spiny spicular sheath. The female has a vulvar appendage and the egg-shell surface presents a fine striation, only scarcely appreciable at the polar plugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental studies on the concurrent infections with Entamoeba histolytica and Schistosoma japonicum].

The mongolian gerbil (Merious unguiculatus) was used as an experimental animal model for studying the concurrent infections and pathogenicities with Entamoeba histolytica (E. h.) and Schistosoma japonicum (S. j.) by the cutaneous infection with 20 fresh cercariae of S. j. and the intracaecal inoculation of 5 x 10(5)/0.5 ml amebic suspension. Light and electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological changes of the caecal wall in the concurrent infections. The results showed that S. j. infection could promote the development of caecal amoebiasis, and stimulate symbiotic E. h. infection to develop invasive caecal amoebiasis. The pathological characteristics of the concurrent two infections not only exhibited the characteristics of the single E. h. or S. j. infection, but also showed its own specialty. Immunological effect of the host was apparently involved in the pathogenic process. In addition, the trophozoites of E. h. were usually observed to adhere closely to the egg shell of S. j. at the site of tissues necrosis. From the adherence phenomenon observed in our studies, there might exist an affinity mechanism between the E. h. trophozoite and S. j. ovum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The embryonic development of birds in weightlessness].

During the period from March 4 through 24, 1990 an egg-to-egg cycle of quail incubation on the orbital station Mir was completed. Out of 35 eggs, that developed in space, 8 normal hatchlings emerged, 6 of which were able to get out of the egg-shell without any help. Subsequent observations showed that the hatchlings could not get adapted to the weightless environment or know to remain fixed to the wired floor, due to which they were unable to peck.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Use of monoclonal antibodies for the characterization of Onchocerca volvulus antigens.

In order to identify Onchocerca volvulus antigens that could be considered as either diagnostic and/or immunoprophylactic, mouse monoclonal antibodies were produced against O. volvulus soluble antigens. Three were selected on the basis of their staining patterns in an indirect fluorescent antibody assay carried out on cryosections of adult O. volvulus. The first monoclonal antibody (K1-159) recognized a cuticular antigen which appeared in IFA to be restricted to the genus Onchocerca. However, neither Western blotting, nor the immunoprecipitation experiments performed on radiolabelled O. volvulus soluble antigen allowed detection of the corresponding antigen(s). The second monoclonal antibody (K1-126) bound to the muscle cells of adults. A 30,000 Mr antigen was detected by Western blot analysis of adult O. volvulus homogenate. This antigen was also recognised by sera from infected patients and corresponding antigenic determinants were detected in extracts of O. gutturosa, Acanthocheilonema viteae and Ascaris suum, but not in Brugia malayi. The third monoclonal antibody (K1-143) recognized egg shells and the surface of adult worms. The target epitope was not species specific and could be found in O. gutturosa, A. viteae, B. malayi and A. suum. The electrophoretic analysis of I-125 labelled soluble antigens and radiolabelled surface antigens of adult O. volvulus, showed numerous antigens (molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 120,000 Mr) precipitated by K1-143. In an inhibition radioimmunoassay, K1-143 allowed the detection of corresponding antibodies in 79% of the O. volvulus patient sera tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Salmonella gastroenteritis: causes, sequelae, therapeutic perspectives].

Enteric salmonella are the most frequently isolated pathogens of bacterial diarrhea in Switzerland. Since 1987, increasing numbers have been reported to the Federal Health Office. The causes of this rise in salmonellosis prevalence, which has been observed in a number of countries, are the high rates of contamination in different foods, mainly in poultry and eggs. It has been shown that the usual kinds of egg preparation are not suitable for the elimination of salmonella, which may also be found inside the egg-shells. The solution to this problem involves measures of veterinary epidemiology and food hygiene. The epidemiologic significance of the asymptomatic carrier is considered to be rather slight. However, prolonged excretion of salmonella repeatedly results in social and economic problems, because the carrier food handlers are excluded from work when and for as long as they are excreting salmonella. Current possibilities in antibiotic treatment for these and other salmonellosis patients are discussed.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1990

Development and sexual maturation of Taenia crassiceps (Cestoda) in the golden hamster.

The development of cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps to mature tapeworms in the intestinal tract of cortisone-treated and untreated golden hamsters is described. The development of the worms in untreated hamsters is as follows. Maturation and branching of the uterus and the presence of ova in the uterus were observed on day 15 postinfection (PI). By day 21 PI, fertilization had taken place, as evidenced by the presence of sperm in the seminal receptacle. On day 28 PI, shelled eggs were observed in feces. The rate of development of the worms in cortisone-treated hamsters was similar to that observed in untreated hamsters. More worm recovery and a longer period of worm survival were seen in the cortisone-treated than in the untreated hamsters. Thus, both cortisone-treated and untreated golden hamsters can produce normal gravid individuals of T. crassiceps.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of chronic lead intoxication in mature chickens.

In a study of chronic lead intoxication in mature chickens, blood lead levels were significantly lower in hens than in roosters receiving the same oral dose of lead. It was then shown that eggshells from lead-treated hens contained 6-12 times the lead concentration of eggshells from control hens. Similarly, the lead content of egg yolks from treated hens was significantly higher than yolks from controls. Lead-treated hens laid significantly more eggs during the period of observation of nearly 3 years because of the increased frequency of laying cycles, which was almost three times that of control hens. A further observation was histologic damage to the mature testes of the rooster.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of viable and inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines in turkeys.

Market turkeys spray-vaccinated at 20 days of age with viable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine and challenged 7 weeks postvaccination failed to yield NDV by tracheal swabbing 4 days postchallenge but demonstrated serologic evidence of infection. Birds vaccinated subcutaneously with inactivated oil-emulsion (OE) NDV vaccine had virologic and serologic evidence of infection. Breeder hens vaccinated by spray with commercial La Sota vaccine at 19 weeks of age and revaccinated subcutaneously with OE vaccine at 32 weeks of age had an adequate level of resistance against a drop in egg production but demonstrated serologic evidence of infection when challenged with velogenic NDV at 38 weeks of age.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1988

Microfilarial surface carbohydrates as a function of developmental stage and ensheathment status in six species of filariids.

The lectin-binding properties of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus, O. lienalis, Brugia pahangi, Wuchereria bancrofti, Dirofilaria immitis, and Monanema (= Ackertia) marmotae share a number of characteristics. Carbohydrates specific for lectins are associated with the egg shell or sheath. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is the predominant carbohydrate associated with the ensheathed forms with lesser quantities of D-galactose and/or alpha-lactose and D-galactosamine. The density of these carbohydrates on the sheath surface diminishes as the larvae undergo normal growth and development. Similar carbohydrates are not found on the cuticle as exsheathed microfilariae show virtually no ability to bind lectins.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the organic matrix composition of the solid tissues in chick embryogenesis].

Biochemical studies have been made on the dynamics of organic matrix of the bone tissue and on its calcification during embryogenesis of chicks. Carbohydrate composition of non-collagen proteins and the degree of mineralization of the bone tissue, as well as utilization of carbohydrates and mineral substances from the egg shell were investigated at various stages of embryonic development. The role of carbohydrates in bone histogenesis and its mineralization is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Differentiation of cerebellar Purkinje neurons of the normal and chronically hypoxic chick embryo].

A microscopical and ultrastructural study on the cerebellum development, with peculiar attention to the Purkinje cell differentiation, has been undertaken in chick embryos from the 8th incubation day (i.d.) until hatching, both in normal and hypoxic conditions; the development under hypoxia was obtained by covering, at the 2nd i.d., a half of fertilized egg shells with melted wax (Menkes et al., 1975). The observations, carried out on paraffin, semithin, and ultrathin sections of cerebellum anlagen, indicate that, under normal conditions, the cerebellar "folia" begin to appear on the 9th-10th i.d., and the secondary and tertiary ones are completely formed at the 14th i.d., when also the cortex layers begin to be recognizable owing to the successive migration processes of cells from two germinal layers and the mitotic proliferation of neuroblasts. The Purkinje cells are identifiable only at the 10th i.d. as large neuroblasts, irregularly stratified beneath the external granular layer, and characterized by a scanty amount of basophilic cytoplasm; they progressively acquire features of neurocytes, with abundant basophilic cytoplasm and numerous ramifications of their dendritic tree. The differentiation of Purkinje neurocytes, complete at the 17th i.d., is accompanied by degeneration events affecting some of them, which appear modified in shape, size and both structural and ultrastructural features (e.g. nuclear pycnosis, condensation and/or vacuolization of the cytoplasm). In the hypoxic embryos the main morphogenetic and histogenetic processes normally unfold during the embryonic life and the Purkinje cell differentiation occur like in the normal embryos until the 15th i.d.; afterwards a progressively greater number of them undergoes severe morphological modifications, comparable to those affecting only few neurons in the cerebellum of normally developed embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗