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PubMed2000

[Folling's disease].

Norway is a small country and we have few examples of medical scientists that has discovered and cultivated unknown territory. One very good example is the man who discovered the first link between metabolic disease and brain development. Asbjørn Følling was born in 1888 and discovered "his disease" (phenylketonuria = PKU) in 1934. This article gives a description of his life, discovery and work.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed2000

Identifying proper names in parallel medical terminologies.

We propose several criteria to identify proper names in biomedical terminologies. Traditional, pattern-based methods that rely on the immediate context of a proper name are not applicable. However, the availability of translations of some terminologies supports methods based on invariant words instead. A combination of five criteria achieved 86% precision and 88% recall on the 16,401 word forms of the International Classification of Diseases.

Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Arne Thorkildsen and Thorkildsen's surgery].

Arne Torkildsen (1899-1968) studied neurosurgery for one year at Queen Square and for four years (1930-34) with Wilder Penfield in Montreal. He returned to Oslo, Norway, in 1935 and took up responsibility for the neurosurgical section of the Department of Neurology of the National Hospital of Norway. In 1939, he introduced a new technique for operative treatment of hydrocephalus (ventriculocisternostomy, Torkildsen's shunt). His technique was the first successful procedure for shunting of cerebrospinal fluid and soon became internationally known and accepted as the standard operation for obstruction of the aqueduct or posterior third ventricle. In 1950, he defended his doctoral thesis at the University of Copenhagen, describing the technique and the results of the operation. He was professor of neurosurgery at the University of Cairo, Egypt 1951-1954.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed2001

[Refsum disease--rare, but world-famous].

Sigvald Bernhard Refsum (1907-91) was an outstanding Norwegian neurologist, highly respected and recognised both nationally and internationally. His main scientific achievement was that he by clinical means singled out a previously unknown disease entity in the multitude of different neurodegenerative features. In his monograph from 1946 he named the disease "heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis"; however, it was rapidly known as Refsum's disease. Twenty years later, two German scientists, Klenk and Kahlke, detected large amounts of a peculiar branched-chain fatty acid, phytanic acid, in a Refsum patient. This started an amazing revelation of the biochemical background of the disease, and also led to a logical and effective treatment. Although Refsum's disease is extremely rare, it has become well-known due to this elucidation of both the normal metabolism of phytanic acid and the pathophysiology of the disease.

Eponyms↗
PubMed2001

Lou Gehrig's death.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed2001

How a dentist's name became a synonym for a life-saving device: the story of Dr. Charles Stent.

Stents have been used in numerous medical disciplines, as well as in oral surgical procedures. Uses range from rebuilding mandibles and constructing new ureters, to keeping coronary arteries patent after angioplasty. The earliest use of the word "stent" to describe this item was in 1916, when a Dutch plastic surgeon described how he used a dental impression compound as a matrix around which to form tissue in the process of rebuilding a shattered face. What is generally unknown is that the word "stent" derives from the name of an English dentist, who invented this impression compound in 1856.

Dental Impression Materials↗
PubMed1995

[Not Available].

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Animal Population Groups↗