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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae: identification of the ctxB gene].

BACKGROUND: A specific probe was designed to identify part of the genetic sequence of the ctxB gene which encodes for the B subunit of the cholera toxin by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which amplifies a 318 bp segment of the ctxB gene. Marked with P32, we used this probe for colony hybridization which is a technique for identifying the production capacity of subunit B of strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 from different outbreaks in South America (Perú 1992 and Ecuador 1993-1995) and from, collection strains. This probe was tested for the identification of the ctxB gene in Vibrio cholerae O139. METHOD: Thirty-eight phylogenetically related strains were studied: 24 V. cholerae O1, 4 V. cholerae non O1, 5 Aeromonas, 4 Plesiomonas and 1 Escherichia coli. RESULTS: The probe demonstrated to be useful for the identification of the ctxB gene (which codifies for the subunit B of the cholera toxin) in 24 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 and in the Vibrio cholerae O139 strain. The ctxB gene was not detected in the remaining strains pertaining to the Vibrio cholerae non O1 species (non O139), Plesiomonas, Aeromonas spp. and E. coli. The specificity of this product was not demonstrated since no signal of unspecific hybridization appeared with phylogenetically related strains such as Escherichia coli K88 (LT+) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC (LT+), producers of the thermolabile LT toxin. It is important to indicate that the ctxB gene in V. cholerae O139 has been identified, for the first time, with our probe and thus it may be said that all the strains which have genetic codification for CT up to now may be identified. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the system herein described provides advantages over the immunologic and biologic methods for evaluating a large number of samples in a short time and with excellent specificity and sensitivity which are important in the diagnosis and the epidemiologic surveillance of the disease.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1995

[Biochemical characterization of proteins in the crab Homalaspis plana].

Homalaspis plana is a crab found in the Pacific Ocean coasts from Guayaquil (Ecuador) all the way down to the Strait of Magellan, including all of the Chilean coast. This crustacean is an important resource because it provides jobs for artisanal fishermen. In Chile there is no product diversification from this crab and it has been poorly studied from the scientific point of view. The biochemical characterization of its proteins was initiated to be able to develop several products from its meat. We report the proteolytic activity from freshly extracted crab meat and the electrophoretical characterization of its proteins. No proteolytic activity was detected in freshly extracted crab meat, under any of the assay conditions used. SDS Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and native PAGE were carried out with proteins extracted from crab meat. Using extraction solutions at two different ionic strengths (0.05 and 0.5), myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic were separated, each showing different electrophoretical patterns in SDS-PAGE.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An international survey of leptospiral agglutinin of dogs by RMAT.

FRom 1970 through 1973, the author used RMAT to examine the canine leptospiral antibodies against 10 serotypes in 12,374 attended dogs, 1,855 stray dogs and 480 house dogs in 24 countries. Among the 10 serotypes, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola were the most prevalent. Positive rates were in the following order: Peru 26.3%, Chile 18.4%, Turkey 17.4%, Austria 16.0%, Korea 15.0%, Cina (Taiwan) 11.4%, Japan 9.8%, Brazil 7.7%, United States 5.5%, United Kingdom 4.5%, Italy 3.5%, Germany 2.0%, and Canada 0.4%. Negative results were obtained in Australia, Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Indonesia, Iran, Malta, Philippines, Sweden and Thailand. Positive rates on different continents were: South America 11.1%, Asia 10.1%, Europe 3.4%, North America 2.4%, Oceania and Africa (Ethiopia) 0%. Negative results were obtained against either L. icterohaemorrhagiae or L. canicola in samples from most tropical countries. Lower positive rates were seen during summer in Korea and Japan. Positive reactors were detected against other serotypes, viz., L. grippotyphosa, L. australis A, L. pyrogenes, L. bataviae, L. autumnalis, L. hebdomadis and L. javanica. Sex, physical condition and vaccination status as factors in the presence of antibodies were reviewed.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bartonellosis. II. Other Bartonella responsible for human diseases].

In addition to Bartonella henselae, five other Bartonella species were involved in human pathology. As for B. henselae, ectoparasites seem to be responsible for the transmission of most or all these bacterial species. B. bacilliformis is responsible for Carrion's disease that occurs in some valleys of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. This disease is transmitted by biting of infected sandflies. The bacterial reservoir is constituted by humans only. That disease occurs either as an acute form with severe infectious hemolytic anemia (or Oroya fever), or as benign cutaneous tumors, also called verruga peruana. Healthy blood carriers of the bacterium exist. Trench fever was described during the First World War. This non-lethal disease is constituted of recurrent febrile attacks associated particularly with osseous pains. The causative agent of the disease is B. quintana, transmitted by the body louse. Humans seem to be the reservoir of that bacterium. In some patients, B. quintana can be responsible for endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis and chronic or recurrent bacteremia. Other human infections due to Bartonella sp. have been described: B. vinsonii, isolated from blood of small rodents, and B. elizabethae, the reservoir of which is currently unknown, can be responsible for endocardites. B. clarridgeiae (isolated from blood of 5% of pet cats and 17% of stray cats) may be responsible for human cat scratch disease. All these bartonelloses are diagnosed by non-standard blood culture or by in vitro DNA amplification or by serological testing. Their treatment requires tetracyclines or chloramphenicol or macrolides.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Acuerdo No. 1803, 1 August 1988.

This Accord sets forth Regulations on the functioning of Ecuadoran private day care centers, which are defined as centers for the protection and integral development of children under the age of seven. It provides that persons and entities interested in running a center must receive authorization from the Ministry of Social Welfare after submitting an application containing a social protection plan, a program of recreational and educative activities, and a report of the Provincial Directorate of Education. Further provisions of the Accord deal with the administrative structure of day care centers, physical space requirements, financing and operation, and the administrative responsibility for day care centers of the Private Day Care Section of the Department for the Protection of Minors.

Americas↗
PubMed1987

Acuerdo No. 401, 31 March 1987.

This Accord creates a National Women's Council as an advisory council to the Ministry of Social Welfare. The Council is to have the following functions: a) to propose national policies to solve the problems that impede the progress of Ecuadoran women; b) to coordinate work done in both the private and public sectors for women in order to avoid duplication of activities and make the best use of human and financial resources; c) to give advice to and support the activities of the National Directorate of Women, when required; and d) to collect and maintain permanently information on plans and programs promoting women that are executed on the national level in both the governmental and nongovernmental spheres.

Americas↗