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Results for “DIURESIS”

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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Excretion of salt and water by patients with sickle-cell anaemia: effect of a diuretic and solute diuresis.

1. Patients with sickle-cell anaemia were unable to increase free water reabsorption (TcH2O) in response to intravenous hypertonic sodium chloride solution. 2. Ethacrynic acid caused a brisk natriuresis in patients with sickle-cell anaemia but fractional sodium excretion was lower in these patients. 3. These findings could be explained by abnormal function of the loop of Henle.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Metoprine-induced thirst and diuresis in Wistar rats.

In the present study, the renal responses to metoprine, a histamine-N-methyltransferase inhibitor, were studied in conscious rats. Metoprine (10-20 mg kg(-1)) or vehicle were administered i.p. to male Wistar rats and the effects were followed for the subsequent 24 h. It was found that as early as 3 h after the drug administration metoprine 20 mg kg(-1) had increased water consumption and urine flow approximately 6-8-fold. The treatment decreased urine osmolality and increased free water clearance, but caused no change in plasma renin activity or plasma vasopressin concentration. In addition, a metoprine-induced elevation in the systolic blood pressure was observed during the first few hours of the experiment. During the nocturnal period of the study, glomerular filtration rate and the excretion of electrolytes did not increase in metoprine-treated rats as they did in control rats. A decrease in the release of atrial natriuretic peptide was also found. The present results show that inhibition of histamine catabolism by metoprine causes massive changes in renal functions. It seems to promote water excretion by the kidneys but, on the other hand, to reduce the excretion of electrolytes. Although the exact mechanisms, especially the role of increased blood pressure and nocturnal suppression of atrial natriuretic peptide, require further clarification, the present data suggest that renin-angiotensin system and vasopressin were not involved in these renal responses to metoprine.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Low-dose vasopressin restores diuresis both in patients with hepatorenal syndrome and in anuric patients with end-stage heart failure.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to confirm earlier reports that low-dose vasopressin (LDVP) analogues promote urine output in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and to check whether this mode of therapy could also be effective in renal shutdown due to nonhepatic conditions. DESIGN: A prospective, open, interventional study. SETTING: An intermediate-level (step-down) medical intensive care unit within a general medical ward of a large university-affiliated hospital. SUBJECTS: Eighteen successive hospitalized patients with HRS (mean age 65 +/- 13 years) and 11 patients with end-stage congestive heart failure (CHF) (mean age 81 +/- 5 years) who failed to restore urine output with conventional treatment (fluids, dopamine, and diuretics) given for at least 24 h. INTERVENTIONS: The patients received LDVP (1 IU h-1) continuously in addition to the conventional treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Urine output and creatinine clearance every 24 h. RESULTS: In the HRS group, before treatment the urine output was 155 +/- 9 mL 24 -1h (mean +/- SD). After treatment with LDVP for 24, 48, and 72 h, urine output improved to 1067 +/- 87, 1020 +/- 501, and 1311 +/- 988 mL 24 -1h, respectively (P < 0.0001 for all measures; two-tailed paired t-test). In the CHF group, before treatment the urine output was 99 +/- 99 mL 24 -1h. After treatment with LDVP for 24, 48, and 72 h, this improved to 1125 +/- 994 mL 24 -1h (P = 0.0028), 1821 +/- 1300 mL 24 -1h (P = 0.004), and 2920 +/- 2423 mL 24 -1h (P = 0.0012), respectively. The improvement in urine output was not accompanied by a parallel improvement in creatinine clearance. The overall outcome did not change, and all patients except two in each group succumbed to their end-stage disease, due to nonrenal causes. CONCLUSIONS: LDVP is effective in restoring urine output both in HRS and in CHF. This suggests that LDVP affects mechanisms not specifically related to liver disease. LDVP may be useful in critical patients with renal shutdown whilst awaiting liver or heart transplantation.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Retrograde contamination and practical handling of urine-meters: a comparison of three systems for the measurement of hourly diuresis in an experimental bladder-drainage model and in clinical use.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three different urine metering systems for their ability to prevent retrograde contamination in an in vitro model of a closed urinary drainage system and for qualities important to their practical handling in a clinical setting. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using three urine-meters (the Braun Ureofix 511, the Kendall Curity 4000 and the Unoplast Unometer 500) the in vitro model was constantly flushed with a solution of Mueller-Hinton broth diluted with saline. On the first day, the urine collecting bag was inoculated with 10(8) cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The system was operated for 12 days with daily sampling of the model bladder to detect any contamination. After 12 days the experiment was stopped and sampling performed at various locations, including the urine-meter and the tubing. Nine of each type of urine-meter were tested, i.e. three in three different experiments. In the clinical study, 45 patients were randomized to each of the three urine-meters and the nurses attending them were asked to complete a questionnaire on the practical handling of the urine-meters. RESULTS: When the urine-meters was omitted from the model system, the 'bladder' became contaminated with the test bacteria within 3 days. None of the nine Unometer 500 systems became contaminated, compared with four of each of the other two systems (P < 0.05). In clinical use, the Unometer 500 and Ureofix 511 were easier to suspend and empty than was the Curity 4000. The Unometer 500 was significantly easier to handle when the collecting bag was emptied. CONCLUSION: Urine-meters can prevent retrograde contamination in a closed bladder-drainage model, but the degree of prevention depends upon the type of urine-meter. In daily practice, there were differences in the ease of suspension of the systems and in the emptying of the urine-meter and collecting bag.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗