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PubMedDate not supplied

Bio-alcamid: a novelty for reconstructive and cosmetic surgery.

Research for new biocompatible and easily implantable materials continously proposes new molecules and new substances with biological, chemical and physical characteristics more and more adapted to aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Bio-Alcamid (Polymekon, Italy) is a non reabsorbable polymeric material composed of alkylimide-amide groups. This cosmetic agent has been used for the treatment of 2000 patients by a multicentric trial led by different Hospitals and University in Italy and abroad. Very serious aesthetic defects such as pectus excavatum, Poland Syndrome, postoperative traumas, in addition to common aesthetic defects such as lips, cheek-bone and chin hypovolumetry and relaxing of nasolabial sulcus, have been treated by surgical implant of Bio-Alcamid. Aesthetic results were excellent; tissues felt soft and the implants were uniformly distributed. No migration or dislocation of the implants, no granulomas, no allergic response and no kind of intolerance were observed. Only 12/2000 patients had post-operative complications (Staphylococcus infections) and only 3/12 cases could be directly ascribed to the implanted material. For its characteristics Bio-Alcamid can be considered a novelty in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery; it is absolutely biocompatible, non toxic, non allergenic, easily injectable and quickly removable. Bio-Alcamid can be defined a sort of "endoprosthetis", perfectly suitable for soft tissue augmentation and for the correction of different tissue deficiences, with a long-term safety and efficiency.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2002

Carcinogenicity Testing of the Cosmetic Dye: D&C Red No. 36.

D&C Red No. 36, a drug and cosmetic dye commonly used for coloring lipsticks, was evaluated for its carcinogenic potential in male and female Wistar rats. This dye has been shown to exhibit mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 in the presence of S9 mix. In the present study, 50 male and 50 female rats in each group were given diets containing D&C Red No. 36 at 2 different concentrations, 1,000 ppm and 2,000 ppm, for 78 weeks and sacrificed at week 98. It was found that dye treatment had no significant effect on the survival of either male or female animals as well as the body weight gain in males. However, body weight gain of treated females was slightly lower than that of the control group. Histopathological assessment demonstrated a number of benign and malignant tumors to have developed in various organs of both dye treated and control groups. In male rats, benign liver tumors were found at incidences of 16.7% and 18.8% of the low (1,000 ppm) and high (2,000 ppm) dose groups, respectively, similar to the 20% for the control group. Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland were observed only in the low dose and control groups, at 4.2% and 2%, respectively. In the high dose group, the incidences of lung, liver, urinary bladder and soft tissue cancers were 4.2%, 2.1%, 2.1% and 2.1%, respectively, only one soft tissue cancer being observed in a control group animal. In females, benign tumors were observed in the liver and mammary glands. The incidences of liver tumors in the low and high dose groups were 12.8% and 16%, respectively, and 6% in the control group. Values for mammary gland tumors were 10.6%, 10%, and 18% respectively. Malignant tumors were also observed in various other organs, including the uterus, lung, kidney, thyroid, thymus and salivary gland, but the incidences were very low (about 2-4%) and in dye treated male and female rats were not statistically different from those in the control animals. The results of the present study thus demonstrated that D&C Red No. 36 at the concentrations of 1,000 ppm and 2,000 ppm in the diet is not carcinogenic either to male or female Wistar rats. While the occurrence of benign liver tumors in female rats may be related to dye treatment, the lack of any apparent dose-dependence or any statistically significant difference from the control group (P = 0.06) suggests that this is unlikely.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perineal application of cosmetic talc and risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of 11,933 subjects from sixteen observational studies.

OBJECTIVE: Prior epidemiological studies suggest an association between perineal cosmetic talc use and increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate this suspected association. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using previously described methods, a protocol was developed for a meta-analysis examining the association between perineal talc use versus non-use and the development of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Literature search techniques, study inclusion criteria and statistical procedures were prospectively defined. Data from observational studies were pooled using a general variance based meta-analytic method employing confidence intervals previously described by Greenland. The outcome of interest was a summary relative risk (RRs) reflecting the risk of ovarian cancer development associated with perineal talc use versus non-use. Sensitivity analyses were performed when necessary to explain any observed statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS: Sixteen observational studies meeting protocol specified inclusion criteria were located via a comprehensive literature search. These studies enrolled a total of 11,933 subjects. Analysis for heterogeneity demonstrated that the data were homogenous (p = 0.17) and could be combined in a meta-analysis. Pooling all sixteen studies yielded a RRs of 1.33 (CI = 1.16-1.45), a statistically significant result suggesting a 33% increased risk of ovarian cancer with perineal talc use. Despite this finding, the data showed a lack of a clear dose-response relationship making the RRs of questionable validity. Further sensitivity analyses showed that hospital-based studies showed no relationship between talc use and ovarian cancer risk, i.e. RRs 1.19 (0.99-1.41) versus population-based studies (RRs = 1.38, CI = 1.25-1.52). This suggests that selection bias and/or uncontrolled confouding may result in a spurious positive association between talc use and ovarian cancer risk in population-based studies. CONCLUSION: The available observational data do not support the existence of a causal relationship between perineal talc exposure and an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Selection bias and uncontrolled confouding may account for the positive associations seen in prior epidemiological studies.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Isoelectric focusing of human hair keratins: correlation with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns and effect of cosmetic treatments.

A new isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique in polyacrylamide gels with 6M urea and 1.5% Nonidet P40 has been developed to characterize human hair samples. The phenotypes demonstrated with this procedure has been correlated with the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns described by other authors. The method described can be applied in the forensic science analysis of a single human hair. Using the same IEF technique we have studied the changes in electrophoretic patterns of cosmetically treated hair. The characteristics of the modifications observed and its utility in forensic science work are also discussed in this paper.

Detergents↗
PubMed2003

[Cosmetic surgery, certificates and the 'head-baker' of Eeclo].

The legend of the head-baker of Eeclo, an imaginary cosmetic surgeon, clearly illustrates that the improvement of the human physionomy was of great interest to people as long ago as the mid-16th century. In order to display their credentials the surgeons of that time and in the succeeding centuries would display certificates that testified in glowing terms to their knowledge and expertise. One only has to open a modern newspaper to see that this phenomenon has not died out.

Advertising↗
PubMed2004

A brief history of 180-day exclusivity under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

This article summarizes the history of the 180-day exclusivity provision on the Hatch-Waxman Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). Part II presents the statutory language, as amended in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA), and summarizes the law that applies to new abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) (those filed after December 8, 2003, provided there was no paragraph IV certification to the listed drug prior to December 8), as well as the law that applies to all other ("old") ANDAs. Part III describes the legislative history of the original 1984 provision and traces its judicial and administrative history through the present. Part IV describes the history of the 2003 amendments and describes the key changes made in 2003. While Congress addressed in 2003 a number of the interpretive issues that had arisen since 1984, the new law is intricate and undoubtedly will give rise to new interpretive questions in the months and years ahead.

Drugs, Investigational↗
PubMed1992

Long-term results of functional and cosmetic rhinoplastic surgery.

Three hundred and twelve of 444 patients admitted consecutively for rhinosurgery for nasal obstruction have been examined 5 years postoperatively regarding adequacy of nasal configuration and functional nasal passages. The surgery was introduced with special consideration given as to whether functional and esthetic surgery could be combined without jeopardizing the percentages of patients cured of nasal obstruction. An open nasal passage was found in 233 of the 312 patients at the follow-up examination, while 28 of 65 were relieved of their preoperative nasal deformities. The functional results were independent of whether only reconstruction surgery of the septum and the valve area or additional reshaping of the bony pyramid was performed. These results in the latter group were less satisfactory in males although the cosmetic results were significantly better in the group treated with additional repair of the bony pyramid. A substantial number of patients (26.7%) without saddling of the nose preoperatively had this deformity at the follow-up examination, indicating that training and/or improved surgical approaches were warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Form and function in cosmetic dentistry.

The results of the case presented meet the aesthetic requirement of the patient as well as the biomechanical and functional requirements for long-term comfort, function, and stability. If not for the extra time spent with the patient uncovering the relationship between her occlusion and headaches and gaining her confidence by solving that problem first, we never would have had the opportunity to build a relationship that would allow her to proceed confidently with the cosmetic treatment that she described as the "best darn holiday present ever!"

Crowns↗
PubMed2005

Medical liability issues in cosmetic and plastic surgery.

The liability issues may involve some turf battles between the specialties because of the possibility of one specialty trying to institute lawsuits through patients against the other specialty in order to drive the competition out of business. Each cosmetic surgical procedure has liability issues particular to the surgery but there are many common issues that involve a number of different procedures. These include: Failure to maintain adequate patient rapport. Failure to give proper informed consent. Failure to obtain information on significant past medical history. Performing procedure not requested. Breaching the standard of care in the performance of the surgery or procedure. Failure to diagnose and treat a complication in a timely fashion. Expert witness misrepresentations. This paper analyzes the various aspects of liability in the plastic/cosmetic surgery field and attempts to aid the physician in preventing or resolving some of these problems.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMed2005

[Sarcoidosis (after cosmetic intervention)].

The authors' report a case of a 26-year-old female. In 1996, and 1997 she underwent cosmetic lip augmentations (polymethyl methacrylate and silicone). After a six-year symptom free period sudden swelling of the lips developed and red-brown papules and subcutaneous nodules appeared in the scars of various body parts ( permanent make-up, tattoos, umbilical piercing). The clinical features, radiological signs and histology proved the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis. Systemic corticosteroid treatment was introduced. After 4 months of treatment the pulmonary and clinical symptoms showed regression. To be able to suspend the systemic treatment the silicone implant was removed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Combined cosmetic operation of the face].

The method of performance of combined cosmetic operation in 58 women patients in 1996-2005 yrs. was analyzed. As a primary procedure for rejuvenation the combined operation of the face and neck skin lifting permits to achieve impressive results, prevents the "lateral bend" and hollow eyes formation. In patients with unfavourable consequences of the earlier performed standard face lifting the conduction of combined operation permits to eliminate them effectively.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery.

This fifteenth and final article in our series on breast disease provides general practitioners with information that will allow them to give their patients a balanced view about issues related to cosmetic breast surgery. As well as breast augmentation and breast reduction surgery, the latest on the breast implant 'silicone controversy' and other procedures such as breast reconstruction following mastectomy are discussed.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

Plastic surgery made easy - simple techniques for closing skin defects and improving cosmetic results.

BACKGROUND: Although meticulous technique cannot guarantee a superior cosmetic result when repairing skin wounds or excising skin lesions, a well planned and executed repair reduces the risk of unsatisfactory scarring. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses sound plastic surgery principles that every doctor operating on the skin can apply. Common suture techniques and simple flap techniques and their indications are also discussed. DISCUSSION: Principles of effective wound repair include: good lighting and equipment, atraumatic tissue handling, early repair of traumatic wounds, thorough wound debridement and lavage, avoiding healing by secondary intention, judicious antibiotic prophylaxis, appropriate planning of incisions, carefully executed incisions, avoiding wound repair under tension, layered wound repair, use of appropriate suture size and needle, everted wound edges, use of adjuncts such as skin tapes and soft tissue adhesives, and early suture removal. Useful suture techniques include deep dermal sutures with buried knots, simple interrupted sutures, vertical mattress, horizontal mattress, subcuticular sutures, continuous over-and-over sutures and far-near near-far pulley sutures. Rotation, transposition, advancement and island flaps can be useful to close defects in situations where skin grafting is not possible or desirable.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2006

Increasing your practice with cosmetic dentistry.

Incorporate these guidelines into your practice, and utilize patient financing to maximize your treatment acceptance, and the cosmetic aspect of your practice will likely boom. No matter how much you want to do something, or how great your ideas are, if you aren't able to execute the project, nothing will happen. Plan. Prepare. Present. Persevere.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed2006

The impact of the popular media on cosmetic dentistry.

UNLABELLED: The popular media's influence on social norms with respect to people's appearance is likely to have played a part in the recent growth of cosmetic dentistry. AIMS: This study was designed to investigate the manner in which the popular media have affected the perception and delivery of aesthetic dentistry in New Zealand. METHODS: A nationwide survey was posted to a random sample of 600 general dental practitioners (GDPs) requesting sociodemographic details and information on the types of aesthetic dental procedures provided and the demand for those. Information was also sought on GDPs' awareness of television programmes and reality "makeover" television shows (such as "Extreme Makeover") covering issues related to aesthetic dentistry, together with the impact of such programmes (and that of different print media) on their patients' perceptions of, and demand for, aesthetic dentistry. RESULTS: The response rate was 81.2 percent. A majority of participants perceived an increased demand for tooth whitening (77.8 percent) and veneers (54.8 percent) subsequent to the airing of those television programmes, with 85.2 percent reporting patients mentioning "Extreme Makeover" in relation to aesthetic dentistry. Some 56.8 percent believed that patients had higher aesthetic expectations subsequent to the airing of that programme. An increased demand for tooth whitening was reported by more female than male GDPs, and also by younger practitioners and those who were practising in larger centres. Similar patterns were observed with respect to GDPs recommending tooth whitening for patients. Women's magazines were ranked by GDPs as having the highest impact on patients' perceptions of aesthetic dentistry. CONCLUSION: The popular media (especially television) appear to have had an impact on the demand for various aesthetic dental procedures in New Zealand.

Age Factors↗