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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Comparison of stoop versus prone postures for a simulated agricultural harvesting task.

Physical and psychophysical differences between working in the stooped and prone postures were compared while performing a simulated agricultural harvesting task for 30 min. Fifteen male subjects participated. The measures used to compare the two postures included perceived discomfort, electromyography (EMG), and heart rate (HR). Average hamstrings localized discomfort (0-10 scale) was 6.17 (SD=2.9) for the stoop posture and 0.67 (SD=1.29) for the prone posture. Erector spinae and hamstring EMG RMS increased 68% and 18%, respectively, while mean power frequency for the hamstrings decreased 13% for the stoop task. Mean power frequency for the middle trapezius muscle decreased in both postures (stoop 4.13%, prone 3.79%). Average heart rate during the last work cycle was 35% greater than the resting heart rate for the stoop posture while average heart rate was 17% greater for the prone posture. Subjects worked on the prone workstation without rest during the 15 min work simulations with less discomfort, no localized fatigue in the back or leg muscles tested, and lower working heart rates than subjects working in the stoop posture.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Expression of functional alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor during mammalian muscle development and denervation.

We have studied, on the transcriptional, protein and functional level, the expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the course of rat muscle development, denervation and renervation. At foetal day 13, alpha7 nAChR expression was observed in somites and developing muscles of the back, but not yet in migrating myoblasts. Two days later, concomitant with myoblast aggregation, the alpha7 isoform began to be expressed in isolated myoblasts, with the highest level of expression in the frontal zone of the migrating wave. On foetal day 18, a time when the myoblasts in the upper hindleg have fused, alpha7 nAChR expression was most prominent in the outer layer of muscle tissue. The highest level of expression was observed in the first postnatal week, when practically all muscle cells stained positively for alpha7 protein. During the following weeks, alpha7 nAChR expression slowly decreased and practically disappeared in adult hindleg muscle. Following chronic denervation of adult Soleus muscle fibres, expression of alpha7 nAChR returned within 2-4 weeks. Electrophysiological measurements showed that the alpha7 nAChR of chronically denervated soleus muscle fibres were functional and, in particular, that they could be activated by choline. The presence of the alpha7 nAChR in developing and denervated muscle suggests a role for this nicotinic receptor in neuronal pathfinding and/or endplate stabilization.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Disc herniation-related back pain impairs feed-forward control of paraspinal muscles.

STUDY DESIGN: A comparative study of lumbar paraspinal muscle reflexes during sudden upper limb loading in healthy control subjects and patients with sciatica. OBJECTIVES: To assess reflex activation of paraspinal muscles during sudden upper limb loading. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Sudden upper limb loading and upper limb voluntary movements cause reflex activation of trunk muscles. A short latency response of approximately 50 msec of lumbar muscles has been observed before, but the reflexes have not been studied in patients with sciatica. METHODS: The paraspinal muscle responses for upper limb loading during unexpected and expected conditions were measured by surface EMG from 20 patients selected for an operation as a result of disc herniation-related chronic low back pain and 15 back-healthy controls. Pain, disability, and depression scores were recorded. RESULTS: Short latency response of paraspinal muscles for unexpected upper limb loading was similar in healthy controls and patients with sciatica in supported standing. During normal standing anticipation shortened the lumbar reflex latency in healthy controls but not among the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence for impaired feed-forward control of lumbar muscles in patients with sciatica.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Glomangiopericytoma causing oncogenic osteomalacia. A case report with immunohistochemical analysis.

A 47-year-old woman suffered from gait disturbance due to back pain and muscle weakness. Laboratory data showed serum hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and a normal level of ionized calcium. Radiological examinations revealed multiple pathologic fractures in the ribs and pubic rami. She had had no episode of familial or any other notable disorder, and so she was initially treated with medication for adult-onset osteomalacia. However, 19 years later (when she was 66 years old), she noticed a soft-tissue tumor in her buttock. The tumor was excised. The histological features were those of glomangiopericytoma characterized by both glomus tumor-like and hemangiopericytoma-like structures. After removal of the tumor, her symptoms disappeared immediately. Laboratory data normalized 8 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first report of oncogenic osteomalacia caused by glomangiopericytoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Lumbar curve, trunk muscles, and line of gravity with different heel heights.

The influence of different heel heights on the lumbar curve, pelvic inclination, trunk muscle activity, and the position of the line of gravity was examined in 18 healthy women. They were examined while standing on heel-supports, being 4.5 cm elevated, at the level of and 2.5 cm lower than the support of the forefoot, respectively (Figure 1). Each examination was preceeded by one-hour adaptation to a corresponding shoe type. With increasing heel height, the lumbar lordosis and the pelvis inclination were decreased. The back and abdominal muscles did not alter their activities. The position of the line of gravity kept the distance from the forefoot almost constant, but the ankle joint was shifted towards the line of gravity with increasing heel height.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Experiments on new synthetic and non-absorbable surgical threads].

The aim of this work was a complex evaluation of synthetic non-absorbable surgical threads of the latest, so called 3rd generation: Novafil, Monolene and Fore-Tex. Biological tests in vivo were carried on 90 white rats of the Wistar tribe. The animals were divided into three experimental groups depending on the kind of the implanted surgical thread. Moreover, taking into account the place of implantation of the tested threads, each group was divided into two sub-groups containing 15 rats each. Operations were carried on in the conditions of surgical aseptics implanting the tested threads into the striated muscles of the back and into the liver in order to make macroscopic and microscopic tests of tissue reaction and also into the peritoneal cavity in order to carry out resistance tests after a different time of the threads stay in the tissues. The animals' sections were carried out 7, 14, 21, 90 and 180 days after the implantation of the above mentioned threads. On the basis of many year's experience of The Institute of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterial Research and review of 52 works of specialistic literature I have chosen the following additional criteria of evaluation: tests of stability of surgical knot, tests of resistance in the knot to break, tests of surgical convenience including easiness of carriage of the tested threads through the tissues, flexibility, absorbability, possibility of coiling of a loose segment of threads, electrifying and the security of the knot. Tissue reaction was based on macroscopic and microscopic tests. In macroscopic tests we paid attention to the course of healing of the threads in transversostrated muscles and in liver tissue paying attention to the behaviour of the organs of o the abdominal cavity during the section. Characteristic pictures are documented by photographs. Microscopic tests consisted on making histological samples of the threads together with the surrounding tissues. Microscopic evaluation was carried on 1080 samples using punctual of tissue reaction. The used punctual system for describing tissue reaction after implantation of non-absorbable surgical threads includes the number and degree of condensation of cells in the vicinity of the implanted thread, the width of the sphere of the inflammatory reaction and the histological analysis of the cells type. The used punctual evaluation enables objective evaluation of the tested histological samples. Variously evaluated threads Novafil, Monolene and Gore-Tex are characterised by large resistance, very good surgical convenience and minimal tissue reaction. On the basis on the carried out laboratory tests and tests on animals the following conclusions were made: 1. Non-absorbable surgical threads Novafil, Monolene, Gore-Tex do not make organism changes and heal with minimal tissue reaction what proves their high biocompatibility. 2. The used punctual evaluation of the tissues reaction after implantation of non-absorbable surgical threads allows complex and objective classification of the degree of tissues reaction. 3. Monofibrous surgical threads Novafil and Monolene do not lose resistance to break in the knot. 4. Surgical threads Novafil and Monolene are characterized by very good security of the knot while threads Gore-Tex have large flexibility and small coefficient of friction, which is the cause of weak security of the knot in case of fastening under tension. 5. Tissues reaction after implantation of synthetic non-absorbable surgical threads Novafil, Monolene and Gore-Tex is smaller in comparison with the tissues reaction which were caused by non-absorbable surgical threads tested in the former years. 6. In comparison with the non-absorbable surgical threads tested in the former years, very good surgical convenience, lack of loss of resistance to break in the knot and minimal tissues reaction give the basis to classify threads Novafil, Monolene and Gore-Tex to improved non-absorbable surgical threads of the new generation

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Are "passive" extension exercises really passive?

When rehabilitating patients with back dysfunction, extension exercises that are presumably "passive" for the erector spinae muscles are frequently used. The purpose of this study was to record electromyographic (EMG) activity from back extensor muscles to determine if these muscles are truly inactive during these maneuvers. Surface EMG was recorded bilaterally from lower lumbar muscles in 62 pain-free subjects. The root-mean-square EMG activity, recorded in microV, for the four positions tested was (mean +/- SD): lying prone (1.268 +/- 0.902), extension in lying prone (6.713 +/- 6.976), standing neutral (4.760 +/- 3.282), and extension in standing (3.558 +/- 2.273). One-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that EMG activity was greatest for extension in lying prone (p < .05), equivalent between the two standing positions (p > .05), and least when lying prone (p < .05). The results of this study demonstrated that "passive" extension exercises were not truly passive for lumbar back extensor muscles. From a clinical perspective, if the performance of passive back extension is important, extension in lying prone may not be the exercise of choice and having patients lying prone may be the most beneficial.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extended theory of the early diffusion of multiple indicators: bounds on permeability ratios, with applications to intestinal capillaries.

The determination of ratios of capillary permeabilities to multiple indicators is secured by constructing upper bounds on effects of early back-diffusion following a single arterial injection. The analysis does not exclude highly extracted indicators, and it allows for effects of asymmetric blood-tissue exchange and of tissue concentration gradients. The concept of flow limitation of uptake is delimited operationally. It is shown how to identify effects of heterogeneity of uptake for data sets extended over large ranges of rate of blood flow. These new methods are used to show, for several sets of previously published data from muscle, that back-diffusion cannot change appreciably the permeability ratios determined previously without any quantification of back-diffusion. The main application is to data published by Perry and Granger (1981) on the permeability of cat intestinal capillaries to raffinose and inulin. The permeability ratios deduced from these data imply paradoxically restricted diffusion; it is shown that this cannot be attributed to effects of back-diffusion, heterogeneity of extraction, or of solvent drag. It is shown that the paradox is removed if tissue-to-blood permeability to raffinose is at least double the blood-to-tissue permeability, possibly as part of the active transport of sugars from the intestinal lumen. It is shown that corresponding results on permeability ratios in dog gastric capillaries are not paradoxical (against the standard of unrestricted diffusion) under symmetric permeability to raffinose.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Our experience with reconstruction of the breast].

Breast reconstruction in female patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer (17 patients) or benign breast disease (2 patients), and malformation of breast due to asymmetry (19 patients) was started in 1983. Mastectomy in 10 patients was performed because of the cancer, and in 17 patients due to benign breast disease. Age of patients ranged from 15 to 58 years. Breast reconstruction was performed within 1-12 years following mastectomy. Two different methods of reconstruction were applied: a) flap graft of patient's own skin and muscle from latissimus muscle of the back with silastic prosthesis implanted under graft (12 breasts), and b) implantation of the prosthesis only (28 breasts). Correction of the opposite breast was also made in 3 patients. No complications are seen up-to-date. Esthetic results are also satisfactory.

Breast↗
PubMed1996

[Autotransplantation of a double-bone-muscle-skin flap in the one-step segmental resection and plastic repair of distal segments of the extremities in cancer patients].

This article describes a biosteodermomuscular flap formation. The flap contains parts of VIII-IXribs, the broadest muscle of the back and a musculus serratus anterior. This method has been successfully used for a one-step segmental resection and microsurgical plastic operations on distal parts of extremities in five patients with malignant tumors of soft tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Role of degenerating axon pathways in regeneration of mouse soleus motor axons.

1. The recovery of tension in mouse soleus was assayed 1-5 days after crushing the extramuscular nerve in muscles which had been previously either denervated by nerve crush, partly denervated by spinal nerve root section, or paralysed by I.M. injection of botulinum toxin. Recovery of tension following nerve crush in contralateral control muscles from the same mice was also measured. The muscles were then stained with zinc iodide-osmium and examined in the light microscope. 2. Recovery in control muscles began at about 50 hr after crush and was nearly complete by 5 days. Recovery began at about 50 hr after crush and was nearly complete by 5 days. Recovery began about 10 hr earlier and was more rapid in muscles denervated by crushing the muscle nerve 4 days before recrushing at the same site. 3. Paralysis 12 days earlier by intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin did not enhance recovery after nerve crush. The axons remained following partial denervation 6 days before nerve crush also regenerated at a rate similar to controls. 4. It is concluded that (1) nerves regenerate more quickly down a pre-degenerated pathway, (2) chromatolysis does not significantly enhance reinnervation, and (3) each motor axon regenerating after a crush is constrained to follow its own denervated pathway back into the muscle. 5. Histology was consistent with these conclusions, and also showed that end-plates in control muscles reinnervated after short periods of denervation were normal in appearance and possessed little "escaped' nerve growth. This was in contrast to end-plates which had been regenerated in muscle after a preceding nerve crush, botulinum toxin paralysis or partial denervation. This suggests that growth from nerve terminals is controlled locally within a muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Construction and characterization of polycistronic retrovirus vectors for sustained and high-level co-expression of apolipoprotein A-I and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase.

Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) are constituents of circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and play an important role in 'reverse cholesterol transport', the process by which cholesterol in peripheral tissues is transferred to the liver for excretion. Enhancing levels of apo A-I, as well as LCAT, in plasma may promote the removal of excess cholesterol from the arterial wall and thus reduce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Indeed, both apo A-I and LCAT genes have been identified as therapeutic targets to prevent or limit atherogenesis. Here, we have constructed two retroviral vectors, one containing LCAT cDNA and the neomycin phosphotransferase (NEO) gene (pLLEN), the other apo A-I cDNA, LCAT cDNA and the NEO gene (pLAPLEN) linked by internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). Both bi- and tricistronic retroviral vectors efficiently co-expressed their two or three genes when transfected into cultured mouse C2C12 muscle cells or human 293 cells. After 30 days, the retroviral vector sequences were retained by the host cells, whereas those of a conventional plasmid vector were lost. Moreover, transduced C2C12 mouse myoblasts maintained the ability for heterologous expression of human LCAT and apo A-I even after differentiation into myotubes. Stably-transduced clones of C2C12 cells were selected by neomycin (G418) resistance and continued to efficiently express human LCAT for 60 days. These findings indicate that the use of polycistronic retrovirus vectors to genetically modify myoblasts, which can be transplanted back into skeletal muscle, might be a safe and feasible strategy to express human apo A-I and LCAT and hence have therapeutic potential to regress atherosclerotic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Possibility of using a pedicle flap made from the musculus latissimus dorsi for cardiopexy].

Myocardiopexy is an expedient operation for a deep sclerotic injury to the coronary vessels. In the experiments on 8 human cadavers and 24 animals the authors developed the technic of cutting out and transposition of pedicle grafts from the broadest muscle of the back to the heart. Various methods of pathomorphologic and functional investigations have proved the connection existing between the vessels of the graft and those of myocardium. This connection prevents the death of animals from myocardiac infarction following ligation of the right coronary artery above the zone of myocardiopexy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Regional blood flow and skeletal muscle energy status in endotoxemic rats.

Endotoxins induce muscle wasting in part as a result of depressed protein synthesis. To investigate whether these changes reflect impaired energy transduction, blood flow, O2 extraction, and high-energy phosphates in muscle and whole-body O2 consumption (VO2) have been measured. VO2 was measured for 6h after an initial sublethal dose of endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 0.3 mg/100 g body wt sc) or saline and during 6h after a second dose 24 h later. In fed or fasted rats, VO2 was either increased or better maintained after endotoxin. In anesthetized fed rats 3-4 after the second dose of endotoxin VO2 was increased, and this was accompanied by increased blood flow to liver (hepatic arterial supply), kidney, and perirenal brown adipose tissue and a 57 and 64% decrease in flow to back and hindlimb muscle, respectively, with no change in any other organ. Hindlimb arteriovenous O2 was unchanged, indicating markedly decreased aerobic metabolism in muscle, and the contribution of the hindlimb to whole-body VO2 decreased by 46%. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate levels in muscle were unchanged in endotoxin-treated rats, and this was confirmed by topical nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which also showed muscle pH to be unchanged. These results show that although there is decreased blood flow and aerobic oxidation in muscle, adenosine 5'-triphosphate availability does not appear to be compromised so that the endotoxin-induced muscle catabolism and decreased protein synthesis must reflex some other mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of supranutritional and organically bound selenium on performance, carcass characteristics, and selenium distribution in finishing beef steers.

Dietary selenium influences the Se content in edible muscle of beef cattle. Limited data are available to describe the effects that feeds naturally high in Se have on production, carcass characteristics, and Se distribution in terminal tissues. Therefore, 43 crossbred steers (BW = 351 +/- 24 kg) were stratified by BW and assigned to one of four dietary treatments: Se adequate (CON; n = 12), Se provided as high-Se wheat (WHT; n = 9), high-Se hay (HAY; n = 11), or sodium selenate (SEO; n = 11). Daily selenium intake for WHT, HAY, and SEO diets was 65 microg/kg BW, whereas it was 9.5 microg/kg BW for CON. Diets were similar in ingredient composition (25% wheat, 39% corn, 25% grass hay, 5% desugared molasses, and 6% wheat middling-based supplement; DM basis), isonitrogenous and isocaloric (14.0% CP, 2.12 Mcal NEm/kg DM and 1.26 Mcal NEg/ kg DM), and offered once daily (1500) individually to steers in a Calan gate system for 126 d. At the end of the trial, steers were slaughtered; carcass data were recorded; and samples of the liver, kidney, spleen, semitendinosus, and hair were collected for Se analysis. Intake of DM, G:F, and ADG did not differ (P > 0.13). No differences (P > 0.12) were noted for hot carcass weight, organ weights, longissimus muscle area, back-fat thickness, marbling scores, or quality and yield grade. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat tended to be higher (P = 0.06) in CON and WHT compared with SEO and HAY steers (2.9, 2.4, 2.5, 2.9 +/- 0.2% for CON, SEO, HAY, and WHT, respectively). Selenium concentrations in all tissues collected differed (P < 0.003) due to treatment. Distribution of Se to the kidney, spleen, and hair were similar with CON < SEO < HAY < WHT (8.40, 10.05, 10.86, 12.89 +/- 0.26 ppm for kidney; 2.00, 2.60, 3.82, 5.16 +/- 0.09 ppm for spleen; 1.80, 4.00, 5.93, 10.54 +/- 0.56 ppm for hair; P < 0.01). The distribution of Se in liver and muscle (DM basis) differed from that in other tissues, with CON < HAY < SEO = WHT (2.33, 6.56, 9.91, 10.79 +/- 0.80 ppm; P < 0.01) and CON = SEO < HAY < WHT (1.33, 1.55, 3.32, 4.41 +/- 0.18 ppm; P < 0.01), respectively. When providing dietary Se at supranutritional levels, source of Se did not affect production or carcass characteristics, but it altered the distribution and concentration of Se throughout the tissues of finishing beef steers.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

[Spondylodiscitis after surgery of lumbar disk hernia. Apropos of 12 cases in 1796 operations].

Discitis is a rare complication of disc operation. The incidence rate varies from 0.2 to 0.8% according to the series. During a 6 year period (1980-1986) 1,796 patients were operated for lumbar disc protrusion at our institution and twelve of them (0.66%) developed a post operative discitis. Bacteriologic verification due to the infection was ascertained in ten cases. Direct contamination during surgical time is likely far more frequent than hematogenous contamination because the liable germ was staphylococcus in 9 cases. Ascertaining the diagnosis is base upon clinical picture and some selected investigations. It may be earlier than it has been said before. Discitis may be suspected within a week after operation in two cases out of three. The most prominent clinical feature is back pain with muscle spasm but sometimes diagnosis may be misled to a psychiatric condition or a visceral disorder. Among conclusive investigations we range in the first place the needle aspiration of the disc which permitted to isolate a germ nine times out of eleven. Next the bone scan with H.M.D.P. Te 99 (8 Mbq/kg) which revealed a significant uptake pattern in eight cases out of eight. Finally the blood culture which grew five times out of ten. Risks of discitis, i.e septicemia, polysegmental infection or death justify in our opinion an appropriate antibiotherapy during at least 8 weeks. Moreover, in our experience, it is the best antalgic treatment that we can offer and back pain decreases as soon as the second day with antibiotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical study of patients with burning mouth.

Analysis and treatment of dental and medical factors that can cause burning mouth were performed in 25 consecutive patients according to a treatment protocol. The effect of the dental and medical treatment on the burning mouth was evaluated. The sick leave profile was presented. Apart from burning mouth symptoms, the patients reported several oral and general symptoms, such as gustatory changes, xerostomia, back and joint muscle pain, headache, and dizziness. The most common dental diagnoses were temporomandibular joint, masticatory, and tongue muscle dysfunction and lesions in the oral mucosa. The most common medical diagnoses were low serum iron and hypersensitive reaction to mercury. None of the patients tested exceeded the limit of 100 nmol Hg/l urine. Replacement of amalgam fillings was the most common dental therapy, followed by treatment of dysfunction in the masticatory system. Iron replacement was the most frequent medical treatment. The patients had over 50% more days per year sick leave than an age- and sex-matched normal population. A follow-up found that the burning mouth had disappeared in 32% of the patients. This study confirms the opinion that burning mouth is multicausal. Hypersensitive reaction to mercury was more frequent than expected, but replacement of amalgam fillings relieved burning mouth in only two of five such patients, and one of these two patients had hypersensitive reactions to both mercury and gold. One reason that so many patients continued to have burning mouth might have been neglect of dental, medical, or both diagnoses. Another reason might be that assessment of the psychologic status of the patients and psychologic treatment when indicated were not done.

Absenteeism↗