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PubMed1995

Histamine excess symptoms in basophilic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

We encountered a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in basophilic crisis accompanied with histamine excess symptoms including bronchial asthma and gastric ulcer. The concentrations of histamine and histidine decarboxylase in leukemic cells containing granules typical for basophils were similar to those in mature basophils. His histamine excess symptoms rapidly disappeared concomitant with the reduction of blast cells after chemotherapy. We speculate that his histamine excess symptoms were induced by the leukemic cells.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1979

The action of strontium on basophil leukocytes and its use to probe the relationship between immunologic stimulus and secretory response.

Strontium will substitute for calcium in the activation of histamine secretion from human basophil leukocytes stimulated by an immunologic reaction or by the ionophore A23187. Strontium is required in 10-fold higher concentration (1 to 10 mM) to activate histamine release compared with calcium (0.1 to 1.0 mM). In terms of maximum release obtainable for a particular immunologic stimulus, strontium is more effective than calcium. Results are presented to show that calcium and strontium act at the same site but strontium is a more sensitive probe for that site. Strontium can be used to demonstrate that immunologic stimuli activate calcium-binding sites in basophils even when no secretion is observed in the presence of calcium. It is suggested that the degree of secretion observed from basophils depends on the number of occupied Fc receptors for IgE and the coupling of these Fc receptors to calcium transport sites.

Basophils↗
PubMed1996

Human basophil recovery from secretion. A review emphasizing the distribution of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in cells stained with the postfixation electron-dense tracer, cationized ferritin.

Basophils of two species, guinea pigs and humans, have been shown by ultrastructural analysis to recover from noncytotoxic secretory processes by conservation and synthetic mechanisms. In human basophils, an electron-dense tracer (cationized ferritin) used after fixation labels membranes in continuity with plasma membranes at planes of section out of view, thereby indicating internalization of previously externalized granule membranes. Conservation of previously emptied granule containers that remain in the cytoplasm after secretion was associated with reaccumulation of electron-dense particles and condensation of these materials therein. Granule- and vesicle-poor, previously stimulated cells developed large numbers of cytoplasmic vesicles beneath plasma membranes, in expanding Golgi areas and in perigranular areas of the cytoplasm. Cytochemical labeling techniques to localize histamine and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein revealed reaccumulation of these two granule proteins in recovering human basophil granules. The mechanism(s) of their recovery likely involves both synthesis of new proteins and conservation by internalization of secreted proteins bound to cell surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Basophils in vernal conjunctivitis in humans: an electron microscopic study.

The histopathological changes of vernal conjunctivitis comprise stromal infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic leukocytes and epithelial invasion by mast cells and eosinophils. Blood vessels show swelling and death of endothelial cells and increased permeability with associated extravasation of erythrocytes and fibrin. The presence of basophils in ocular tissue has not been reported previously, and their occurrence in conjunction with the other pathological changes enables vernal conjunctivitis to be compared with, and classified as a manifestation of, delayed-type hypersensitivity of the cutaneous basophil type. Thus the mechanism is probably a mixture of both delayed and immediate immunological responses.

Basophils↗
PubMed1996

Isotypic analysis of grass pollen-specific antibodies in human plasma. 4. Biological activity of allergen-specific and autoanti-IgE antibody fractions on basophil histamine release.

BACKGROUND: Blocking antibodies are defined as antibodies that compete with IgE for binding to allergens due to their specificity for those allergens. Thus, they may inhibit allergen-induced basophil and mast cell IgE-dependent mediator release both in vivo and in vitro. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of antibodies isolated from human plasma samples on a Dactylis glomerata (Cocksfoot) pollen affinity-column to inhibit the Dactylis pollen-induced histamine release from human basophils (BHR) in vitro. METHODS: Antibodies from Ig pools containing either high or low IgG4 anti-Dactylis pollen were purified on a Dactylis pollen affinity-column and then separated on an antihuman IgE column. Obtained Ig fractions were incubated for 30 min with Dactylis pollen allergens prior to incubation with basophils from Dactylis pollen-allergic donors. Cell supernatants were assessed for histamine content and the inhibition of BHR was calculated. RESULTS: Unlike control non-isolated Igs, the antibodies isolated on the Dactylis pollen column were able to inhibit efficiently and in a dose-dependent manner Dactylis pollen-induced BHR. The inhibitory activity was increased in isolated antibody samples that had high IgG4 levels. Antibodies isolated on the Dactylis pollen column, however, consisted not only of true allergen-specific (potentially blocking) antibodies but also of autoanti-IgE binding to allergen-specific IgE and mistaken for allergen-specific antibodies thus opening to question the involvement of the true allergen-specific antibodies in the BHR-inhibitory activity. Unlike the true allergen-specific antibodies, the autoanti-IgE were retained on and eluted from the anti-IgE column. Results showed that both the autoanti-IgE-depleted and the autoanti-IgE-containing fractions accounted for the inhibition observed with the related non-depleted sample that had been isolated on the Dactylis pollen column. CONCLUSION: For the first time, the true blocking activity of allergen-specific antibodies is demonstrated, that is, in the absence of the autoanti-IgE which can also inhibit BHR.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

Augmentation of antigen-stimulated histamine release from human basophils by serum-treated zymosan particles. II. Dependence on IgE-mediated release.

It was observed previously that serum-treated zymosan particles (Zx) augmented antigen and anti-IgE stimulated histamine release. With most of the enhancement attributed to an increased rate of release, this suggested that Zx was active only during the course of IgE-mediated release. This association between IgE-mediated histamine release and responsiveness to Zx was examined further in the present report. Addition of Zx at various time intervals after release had been initiated indicated that the basophil responsiveness to Zx was limited in duration; maximum responsiveness to Zx correlated closely with the period in which the rate of IgE-mediated histamine release was maximum. The time-dependent decline in sensitivity to Zx paralleled the kinetics for desensitization to antigen. Addition of Zx failed to cause release from basophils desensitized in vitro or from basophils of a donor who failed to release histamine upon challenge with anti-IgE. In contrast to the enhancement of IgE-mediated release, Zx did not augment histamine release caused by C5a or the synthetic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe. It is concluded that an obligatory link exists between ongoing IgE-mediated histamine release and enhancement by Zx.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Involvement of host Fc receptors in antibody-mediated cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reactions.

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reactions are heterogeneous delayed time course basophil-rich responses that can be mediated by either T cells, B cells, or serum antibodies. The current study examined the mechanism by which antibodies mediate CBH in guinea pigs. Fc competition experiments were constructed by passively transferring mixtures of anti-KLH serum and normal heterologous gamma-globulins. It was found that rabbit IgG and its isolated and purified Fc fragment [but not the (Fab')2 fragment] inhibited the ability of guinea pig immune serum to transfer CBH. Concurrent inhibition of transferred KLH-specific CBH and systemic passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions by rabbit IgG or its Fc fragment, and not by sheep or bovine gamma-globulins, indicated that Fc receptors on cutaneous mast cells were probably involved in both CBH and PCA. It was also found that the basophil aspect of delayed cutaneous responses elicited by PHA was inhibited by Fc competition maneuvers. This could mean that some forms of apparently T cell-mediated CBH may be T cell dependent, but via secretion of molecules that bind to Fc receptors, as seems required in antibody-mediated CBH.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The timing of ovulation by a method of direct basophil cells count.

The variation of the basophil cells number during the menstrual cycle was studied by the method of Shelley and Parnes, slightly modified. The study comprised 29 women diagnosed as primary or secondary amenorrhoea (first group) and 38 women with normal menstrual cycle, twenty of them being fertile and 18 diagnosed as secodary sterility (second group), including also two women in the second month of pregnancy. The radioimmunological measurement of luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormone was applied for the second group. The data obtained on 34 women of the second group showed the precipitous decrease of the number of basophils from the level of 20--50/mm3 in the follicular phase, or even their disappearance. This decrease corresponded to the LH increase. Moreover, the morphologic examination of the basophils during the menstrual cycle allowed to classify these cells into three categories: intact, partially degranulated, and firing, the number of the latter type increasing on the day of ovulation at the expense of the first two types.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Chloroquine induces basophilic differentiation of HL-60 cells.

Many agents have been known to induce the differentiation of HL-60 cells. However, only a small number of reports on the basophilic differentiation of this cell line are known. In this study we show that the exposure of HL-60 cells to chloroquine induces to differentiate into basophils. This chloroquine-induced change suggests that the increase in intracellular pH and the upregulation of p21 with subsequent downregulation of cdc2 kinase are triggers for basophilic differentiation of this cell line.

Basophils↗
PubMed1997

Functional analysis of histamine release from basophils and mast cells in subjects with the Ile-181-->Leu variant of Fc epsilon RI-beta.

1. Atopy is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, but there is now strong evidence that one important locus is on chromosome 11q13. Fc epsilon RI-beta at that location has been identified as a candidate gene and variants have been associated with atopy in population studies. 2. No information is available on the functional consequences of any of these variants, and defining this may prove difficult because of the complexity of the atopy phenotype and because Fc epsilon RI beta is expressed on a range of cells with different functions, including basophils, mast cells, eosinophils and antigen-presenting Langerhan's cells. 3. We have conducted a qualitative study of mast cell and basophil histamine release in nine atopic individuals with Ile-181-->Leu mutation of Fc epsilon RI beta, and ten unrelated similarly atopic individuals without Ile-181-->Leu mutation. There were non-significant trends for Ile-181-->Leu-positive atopic subjects to produce wheal responses at lower allergen challenge in skin prick tests, and to release more histamine from basophils following in vitro allergen challenge. 4. The data do not provide decisive evidence of functional differences between atopic subjects with Ile-181-->Leu and other atopic individuals; more discriminating functional experiments are required.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basophils and mast cells in airway inflammation and asthma.

Accumulation of basophils and mast cells in airway tissues during allergic and allergic-type inflammatory responses, including asthma, is one of the hallmarks of these disease processes. Contributing mechanisms include induction of differentiation of the cell lineages, including production of differentiation-specific cytokines for these lineages within the tissues; enhanced survival of the cells during inflammation within the airways; attraction to tissue factors such as extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin and vitronectin) in inflammation; and heterogeneity of the cells and their products during both early- and late-phase responses within the inflamed airways. Whether the mast cell and basophil can be simplistically assigned a role for early- and late-phase responses, respectively, and whether the cells are both necessary and sufficient for the ongoing asthmatic response, including the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness, remain to be studied. The relative contributions of basophils, mast cells, eosinophils and T cells to the inflammatory process and production of proinflammatory and hemopoietic cytokines within inflamed airway tissues remain subjects of active investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Basophilic blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia].

Acute basophilic leukaemia is usually characterized by a very rapid clinical course, hyperhistaminemia, resistance to antineoplastic therapy and early death due to complications related to disease. This entity is a rare condition, accounting for less than two percent of all haematopoietic malignancies. Most of the case reports are basophilic blast crisis in patients with a previous lympho or myeloproliferative disorder. A 62-year-old woman who was diagnosed as Philadelphia positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia after four years of evolution developed a basophilic blast crisis, whose characteristics are reported. Accompanying this transformation there was also a cytogenetic change. Despite chemotherapy the patient died of disease progression.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1979

Large basophilic cells in the bone marrow in iron deficiency anemia.

Many large cells with a strongly basophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with a delicate chromatin pattern and large nucleoli were studied in 1 mu sections of core biopsies in 8 patients with iron deficiency anemia and in 5 patients with pernicious anemia. In 2 normal controls these cells were rare. Possible features of granulocytic differentiation were assessed with the Giemsa stain and with the naphtol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase reaction which is indicative of early granule formation: the large cells were constantly negative. In thin sections the morphological appearances of the large basophilic cells are rather similar in such different haematological disorders as pernicious anemia or iron deficiency anemia. A clear difference can be demonstrated by karyometry, which shows that the large basophilic cells in pernicious anemia are significantly larger than those in iron deficiency anemia or in the normal control.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1998

Trichinella spiralis: induction of the basophilic transformation of muscle cells by synchronous newborn larvae.

Newborn larvae (NBL) possess the "transformation potential" (TP) to induce the basophilic transformation of the muscle cell into the nurse cell and to create the nurse cell-muscle larva complex. For investigation as to whether TP is age-dependent, three groups of synchronous NBL (sNBL) were obtained at 1 h, 9 h, and 6 days of age, respectively, and were injected intramuscularly into mice. The TP was demonstrated to be high for both 1- and 9-h-old sNBL, but for 6-day-old sNBL, none was found. The earliest transformation of muscle cells was observed at 48 h postinfection (p.i.) in the first two groups of sNBL. Moreover, for 1-h-old sNBL the numbers of basophilically transformed muscle cells without larvae were 3-fold those of sNBL observed in histology sections. The results indicate that (1) due to the high TP observed in the 1-h-old sNBL group, NBL are born with TP; (2) the TP is lost by aging; and (3) the induction of the basophilic transformation of muscle cells is possible without direct contact between the muscle cell and NBL being required, as contact with released factor(s) alone may be enough.

Aging↗
PubMed1956

Electron microscopy of basophilic structures of some invertebrate oocytes. I. Periodic lamellane and the nuclear envelope.

Highly basophilic plate-shaped regions from oocytes of the surf clam have been examined with the electron microscope. The regions are composed of flat, hollow vesicles perforated by pores arranged, in surface view, in a hexagonal pattern. Cross-sections of this structure show a periodicity consisting of loops (cross-sections of the continuous space within the vesicle) alternating with spaces partly filled with dense material (pores). These structures are shown to resemble closely, the nuclear envelope. Similarities to and differences from basophilic regions of other cells are discussed and it is suggested that the small granules of Palade (38) are represented by granules composing the walls of the annuli of the nuclear envelope and assumed to be present in the annuli of the vesicles. Because of differences in the structure of these regions from basophilic regions of other cells, the name periodic lamellae is suggested since the structures show periodically repeating substructures (annuli) in both cross-sections and surface views.

Animals↗
PubMed1958

An electron microscope study of basophile substances of frozen-dried rat liver.

Small pieces of liver from rats subjected to different dietary regimes were fixed by freeze-drying, and postfixed by in vacuo heating and denaturation with alcohol. Specimens were digested with ribo- or deoxyribonuclease, and stained with gallocyanin-chromalum, azure II, the Feulgen procedure or alcoholic platinic tetrabromide. Some specimens were reserved as controls of the effects of enzyme treatment. Stained and unstained specimens were embedded in methacrylate and examined by light and electron microscopy. Basophilic and Feulgen-positive substances, after contact with watery reagents, were found by electron microscopy to exist as small dense granules embedded in a less dense homogeneous matrix, forming the walls of submicroscopic vacuoles. These granules were absent after digestion with nucleodepolymerases. In specimens (unstained, or stained with platinic tetrabromide) which had not passed through water, the dense (basophile) substances in nuclei and cytoplasm were found to exist, not as granules, but as ill defined submicroscopic concentrates which blended imperceptibly into the homogeneous matrix of the vacuolar walls. Objections to the use of stains for improving contrast conditions in electron microscopy of tissues are discussed, and it is concluded that the reagents do not necessarily produce the observed increases in contrast by selectively stabilizing certain structures. The concept of microsomes as pre-existing distinct morphological entities in intact (unhomogenized) cells is thought to be inconsistent with the distribution of basophile substances in frozen-dried liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous basophilic foci of hepatocellular alteration in Fischer 344 female rats do not exclude iron.

Iron exclusion has been used to identify foci of hepatocellular alteration (FHA) in rats exposed to known carcinogens. This study investigates whether basophilic FHA occurring spontaneously in aged female Fischer 344 rats also exclude iron. Female rats 514-544 days of age were given supplemental iron by injection for 2 weeks prior to being killed. Serial sections of the liver stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Gomori's stain were examined. Seventy-five basophilic FHA were identified; none excluded iron. It may be possible to differentiate spontaneous basophilic FHA from carcinogen-induced, iron-excluding FHA by the use of this staining method.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A basophilic micro-organism infecting human red cells.

Clusters and chains of basophilic micro-organisms were found on the red cells of a woman who suffered from malignant melanoma. The infection was clinically silent for at least 7 years. During her last year of life the patient became febrile and anaemic. Her spleen enlarged and the basophilic bodies on her red cells became coarser. The infecting organism is referred to only as a 'basophilic agent', since its relationships to recognized genera are uncertain. Similar epierythrocytic parasites occur in a wide variety of animals. Though these infections are often latent, they profoundly modify host immune responses.

Adult↗