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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Significance and management of local recurrences and limited metastatic disease in the abdomen.

The management of patients with synchronous or metachronous metastatic carcinoma, sarcoma, or melanoma in the abdomen requires a knowledge of the natural history of the disease and of the available treatment options. Patients with advanced malignant disease may be of marginal performance status yet may require large surgical procedures or combined modality therapy; the most challenging therapeutic decisions involve such patients. The authors highlight the role of surgery in selected patients with metastatic or recurrent malignancy as it is practiced at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of the abdomen in intoxicated patients: is computed tomography scan or peritoneal lavage always indicated?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the necessity of intensive evaluation of the intoxicated patient with normal mentation for intra-abdominal injury after blunt torso trauma. DESIGN: Retrospective study; trauma registry and medical records. SETTING: Level I regional trauma center serving a population of 2.3 million. PARTICIPANTS: Adult victims of blunt trauma more than 17 years old, admitted between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1989, with suspected blunt abdominal injury and serum ethanol of more than 100 mg/dL and Glasgow Coma Score of 15. INTERVENTION: All patients had serum ethanol levels measured in mg/dL and computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and/or diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL). RESULTS: Criteria were met by 92 patients. Eighty-nine underwent CT scans, two had DPL, and one had both. Of 17 patients complaining of abdominal pain and/or tenderness on palpation, six (35.3%) had blood in the peritoneal cavity demonstrated by CT scan or DPL and underwent celiotomy. All 75 patients without abdominal pain or tenderness had negative CT scan or DPL, with no missed injury. CONCLUSION: In the intoxicated blunt trauma patient with normal mentation, the physical examination is a reliable indicator of abdominal injury. Elevated alcohol level, per se, should not be considered an absolute indication for DPL or abdominal CT.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

[Significance of simple radiography of the abdomen in nephritic colic].

BASIS: The utility of the abdominal plain film in the emergency department to evaluate urolithiasis is questionable. Between another things, there are influence of the different formation of distinct examinators. METHODS: A retrospective study in 65 patients referrals to urology in 1997 and 1998 by suspicion of renal colic was carried out. The radiography of abdomen took in the emergency room the day of the income is reviewed with a protocol, by a resident of Familiar and Community Medicine and by the urologist, separately and without information of the medical records. RESULTS: We have excluded three patients. At last, we diagnose 49 patients as renal colic with certainty, 6 patients with doubtful diagnosis and 7 patients with distinct diagnosis. The urologist achieved the most adequate reading in 11 cases; in 7 was best the resident, to equal in 31, and in 13 the differences were not important. The resident obtained of radiography a sensitivity of the 67% and a specificity of the 42% and the urologist 71% and 57% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There are few differences of reading, at least when the resident dispose a protocol of interpretation. Despite to the almost null diagnostic utility of the radiography, supply additional ation, and permit to value the evolution with a few aggressive technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Spiral CT of the abdomen: increased diagnostic potential.

Over the last 10 years, spiral CT has become the optimal method of performing all CT within the abdomen and pelvis. Not only has the technique improved the quality of individual examinations, it has also opened up many new diagnostic possibilities which are currently being evaluated and compared with the concurrent advances in ultrasound and MRI. These new diagnostic possibilities are discussed in this review article. So too are the economic advantages of the shorter data-acquisition times which also make the examination much better tolerated by the patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Static magnetic field therapy for pain in the abdomen and genitals.

Two adolescents with debilitating, medication-resistant, chronic pain of the low back and abdomen with intermittent pain of the genitalia were diagnosed with intervertebral disk disease at spinal cord levels that correlated with their signs. Both patients had undergone multiple evaluations by physicians of different specialties and both underwent appendectomy without relief of their pain. The history of the onset of pain was important in determining the affected levels. The pain of both individuals was mimicked and localized by percussion of the vertebral spines at the level of disk protrusion. This maneuver and careful review of the history were important in making the correct diagnosis in each case. In both patients, treatment with novel magnetic devices provided rapid relief that was sustained for more than 2 years. These cases highlight the need for careful evaluation and correct diagnosis of abdominal and genital pain in young patients to avoid costly and unnecessary medical intervention and the stigma of painful debility.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2003

Nutrition support for the patient with an open abdomen after major abdominal trauma.

OBJECTIVE: Nutrition support in the severely injured trauma patient is crucial to minimize the hypermetabolic stress response. Even though enteral nutrition is the preferred method of feeding, it is not always feasible after multiple trauma. We present a complex nutritional case in a patient who sustained severe abdominal trauma with a severe liver injury, rib fractures, and pulmonary contusion. METHODS: The patient required several repeat laparotomies, abdominal packing, and temporary abdominal closure. The clinical course was complicated by hypotension requiring multiple vasopressors; coagulopathy requiring more than 35 U of packed red cells, more than 50 U of fresh frozen plasma, and more than 80 U of platelets; acute renal failure requiring dialysis; and pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intricate ventilator management. Nutrition intervention began on post-trauma day 4 with total parenteral nutrition due to hypotension, resuscitation, and massive bowel edema; by post-trauma day 8. the patient was receiving goal nutrients. RESULTS: On post-trauma day 27, bowel edema was significantly less, and a nasoenteric feeding tube was placed and enteral feeding initiated. By post-trauma day 31, full enteral feeds were tolerated, and total parenteral nutrition was stopped. Nutrient provision was adjusted daily to account for organ and metabolic changes including hepatic, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction. The patient did well and was eventually extubated and eating a regular diet. CONCLUSION: With careful monitoring and adjusting of the nutritional plan, a hypermetabolic complex trauma patient with an open abdomen can be fed optimally, safely, and successfully despite increased bowel edema and multiple organ dysfunction.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

"Wadia Syndrome" Correlation of Laparoscopic Findings in the Tuberculosis Abdomen

The author has the experience of assessing tuberculosis in the abdomen through the laparoscope. Since 1982 all cases of diagnostic laparoscopy done in the department have been on videotape. This provides a unique collection that allows for teaching and subsequent review of the tapes to determine the treatment results. The clinical signs, laboratory tests and laparoscopic findings are summarized as the "Wadia Syndrome." We have seen many lesions which have regressed with treatment, but the most important factor is that 2/3 of the patients so diagnosed with infertility have conceived. The study has extended from 1968 to present date and over 15,000 cases have been studied in these 25 years. Videotapes have routinely been done in the department since 1982, but not in camps outside Bombay, where many studies have been done.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Application of pharmacokinetics to electron-beam tomography of the abdomen.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of abdominal time-attenuation curves obtained at electron-beam tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomographic enhancement data of the aorta, portal vein, vena cava, liver, spleen, and pancreas were obtained in 25 patients after injection of 50 mL of contrast medium. These data were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-lives, mean residence times, and areas under the curve with a computer program. RESULTS: Maximal enhancement was observed in the aorta 24 seconds +/- 5 (mean +/- standard deviation) after starting the injection of contrast medium (178 HU +/- 56), in the portal vein after 42 seconds +/- 14 (60 HU +/- 17), in the vena cava after 35 seconds +/- 7 (66 HU +/- 23), in the liver after 58 seconds +/- 15 (24 HU +/- 6), in the spleen after 35 seconds +/- 12 (42 HU +/- 16), and in the pancreas after 39 seconds +/- 15 (42 HU +/- 10). Half-lives of the last phase observed were 108 seconds +/- 123 in the aorta, 33 seconds +/- 30 in the portal vein, 49 seconds +/- 40 in the vena cava, 50 seconds +/- 54 in the liver, 62 seconds +/- 33 in the spleen, and 22 seconds +/- 27 in the pancreas. The computer program allowed for excellent fitting curves to the measured attenuation values and for subsequent calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. New dosage regimens also could be simulated successfully. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated might be useful in the optimization of dosing and scanning parameters of the abdomen for ultrafast and helical CT.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed2000

Purification and characterization of a trypsin-like enzyme with fibrinolytic activity present in the abdomen of horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae).

This work describes the purification and characterization of a trypsin-like enzyme with fibrinolytic activity present in the abdomen of Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). The enzyme was purified using a one-step process, consisting of affinity chromatography on SBTI-Sepharose. The purified protease showed one major active proteinase band on reverse zymography with 0.15% gelatin, corresponding to a molecular mass of 25.5 kDa, with maximum activity at pH 9.0. The purified trypsin-like enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed synthetic substrates with arginine residue at the P1 position. The Km values determined for three different substrates were 1.88 x 10(-4), 1.28 x 10(-4), and 1.40 x 10(-4) M for H-alpha-benzoyl-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S2222), DL-Ile-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S2288), and DL-Phe-Pip-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S2238), respectively. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by typical serine proteinase inhibitors such as SB

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Fetus in fetu. Rare cause of a lump in an adult's abdomen.

Fetus in fetu is a rare entity. The patient usually presents in childhood. A case in which the patient presented in adulthood, with a lump in the abdomen, is reported. Computed tomography findings were diagnostic of this condition and a prospective diagnosis could be made. Computed tomography also helped to differentiate it from mature teratoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Misplaced devices in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis: Part I.

Numerous medical devices are used in the chest and fewer in the abdomen and pelvis. They are frequently seen on various radiological studies in daily practice. Knowing the specific name of the device is not important. However, knowing the proper positioning and function of the device is necessary. It is a duty of the reporting radiologist to recognize the malpositioning or breakage of a medical device and to inform the responsible physician promptly, since these complications can have undesirable consequences and sometimes a fatal outcome.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed2006

Misplaced devices in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis: Part II.

Numerous medical devices are used in the chest and fewer in the abdomen and pelvis. They are frequently seen on various radiological studies in daily practice. Knowing the specific name of the device is not important. However, knowing the proper positioning and function of the device is necessary. It is a duty of the reporting radiologist to recognize the malpositioning or breakage of a medical device and to inform the responsible physician promptly, since these complications can have undesirable consequences and sometimes a fatal outcome.

Equipment Safety↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopy for the Acute Abdomen.

The application of laparoscopy for therapy is well established in biliary tract disease, inguinal herniorrhaphy, and fundoplication. Frequently, the diagnostic capability of laparoscopy is overlooked. A review of the literature and an institution's experience in laparoscopy for the acute abdomen is presented. Therapy was completed laparoscopically in a substantial number of cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopy for Acute Diseases of the Lower Abdomen and Pelvis.

Laparoscopy is an important tool for evaluating acute lower abdominal and pelvic pain. Although a complete history and physical examination often provide an accurate diagnosis, laparoscopy can serve as an adjunct in many patients with unclear symptoms. An acute abdomen can be caused by many pelvic sources. Laparoscopy can assist in the diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic pathologies and can often be therapeutic, eg, the treatment of adnexal torsion and endometriosis. The early use of laparoscopy for the diagnosis of acute lower abdominal and pelvic pain of unclear etiology often leads to an earlier diagnosis and allows for definitive treatment using minimal access techniques.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

The Role of Laparoscopy in the Acute Abdomen and Trauma.

The use of laparoscopy for the treatment of various surgical diseases has been well described, and its use is widely accepted. Diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) has been used by gynecologists for many years, and only recently has its use by the general surgeon gained interest. The ease of use and its ability to directly visualize the abdominal viscera have lead many surgeons to suggest the use of laparoscopy in the evaluation of the acute and traumatized abdomen, The proposed benefits include reduced incidence of nontherapeutic laparotomies and shortened hospital stay as compared with current diagnostic regimens. Despite these proposed benefits, the use of DL in the management of the trauma patients is restricted to the hemodynamically stable patient. In the setting of blunt trauma, DL has been demonstrated to accurately diagnose solid organ injuries and is capable of predicting individuals requiring celiotomy. The role of DL in this setting has been shown to accurately determine the absence of peritoneal violation and has resulted in shortened hospital stay and reduced hospital costs. In summary, the role of DL in the injured patient is evolving. In the setting of blunt trauma, further research is required to accurately identify a subset of patients that will benefit from the use of DL over current methods. Hemodynamically stable victims of penetrating trauma clearly benefit most from DL's ability to determine the presence of peritoneal violation and avoid a formal laparotomy with its increased morbidity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

[Sonography and conventional radiography for post-operative local infections in the upper abdomen (author's transl)].

The findings on sonography and radiography were compared in 32 patients with abscesses or empyemas in the upper abdomen following surgery. Sonography demonstrated each of eight liver abscesses, eleven of 21 upper abdominal empyemas and three abscesses or empyemas in other positions. Corresponding figures for radiography were five out of eight liver abscesses, 16 out of 21 upper abdominal empyemas and one of the remaining lesions. The methods are complimentary. Sonography demonstrates fluidfilled cavities, radiography shows particularly the presence of extraluminal gas. Recommendations are made for the proper sequence of these diagnostic measures.

Empyema↗
PubMed1979

[CT of the pelvis and abdomen during childhood (author's transl)].

The use of CT in the abdomen and pelvis in 25 children is described. Certain problems which reduce the value of the technique are discussed; these include the lack of intra- and retro-peritoneal fat, movement artefacts, the importance of exact indications and the problems of radiation dosage.

Adolescent↗